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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2014 Vol. , No. 8 Published: 2014-08-25

Article

	469	Toxic Effects of Cupric Acetate and Avermectins on Orange Spotted Grouper Epinephelus coioides
		CHENG Min-hong,YANG Xiao-li,PANG Qiang,HUANG Jian-rong,LI Zu-fu
		In this study ,the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) ,superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,and aspartate transaminase (GOT ) and glutathione (GSH ) content were studied in liver of orange spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides exposed to cupric acetate and Avermectins at various concentrations to evaluate acute toxicity of cupric acetate and Avermectins .The results showed that the 24 h LC50 and 48 h LC50 were 103 .51 mg/L and 50 .86 mg/L in cupric acetate and 0 .02543 mg/L and 0 .01726 mg/L in Avermectins , with safe concentration of 3 .684 mg/L for cupric acetate and 0 .00239 mg/L for Avermectins .Cupric acetate and Avermectins stress resulted in significant changes in AChE ,SOD ,and GOT activities in liver (P< 0 .05) ,whereas Avermectins showed insignificant effects on GOT activity compared with control group . The AChE , SOD , and GOT activities were primarily induced at low concentration of cupric acetate and Avermectins in short term exposure ,and inhibited at high concentration of cupric acetate and Avermectins in long term exposure , with significantly ( P < 0 .05 ) at higher concentration .The lower liver GSH contents were in 2 mg/L ,4 mg/L and 8 mg/L groups than that in the control group in 48 h cupric acetate exposure(P>0 .05) ,but higher than that in the control group in 96 h cupric acetate exposure (P< 0 .05) .There were significantly lower liver GSH contents in 2 .5μg/L ,4 .25μg/L ,7 .25 μg/L and 12 .25 μg/L Avermectins groups than that in the control group . The findings indicate that cupric acetate and Avermectins stress affect AChE , SOD and GOT activities and GSH content ,and that biological effects of pesticides on orange spotted grouper are reflected in changes in activities of AChE ,SOD and GOT and GSH content .
		2014 Vol. (8): 469-475 [Abstract] ( 105 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (939 KB) ( 337 )

	476	Biology of Liobagrus nigricauda Regan in the Middle Reaches of Jialing River
		YANG Jun,GUO Yan-shu,YAN Si-li,ZOU Cheng-kun,ZENG Xiao-qin,YANG Rui-ling
		This article reports the biology of Liobagrus nigricauda Regan collected in the middle reaches of Jialing River ,Sichuan Province ,from February to December in 2012 .The fish had body length (L) of 39 .99-70 .07 mm ,and body weight (m) 1 .23-7 .79 g .The fish was divided into 4 age groups ,with the dominant 2 years old group .The dividing line for growth was 3 age ,before 3 ,the growth speed was fast , and after 3 the growth was slow down .The function between body length and body weight was expressed as m= 0 .00001123L3 .168 (r2 = 0 .938) . The Fulton condition factor for female was increased with the increase in age ,but the age of largest Clark condifion factor for female and male was 2 (♀) and 3(♂) , respectively .The total sex ratio (♀ ∶ ♂) of the population was 1 .14 ∶ 1 . The female and male L . nigricauda had sexual maturity at two years old .The absolute fecundity was ranged from 57 eggs to 106 eggs per female ,with the mean value of 83 .67 .The fish spawned in batch ,and the prosperous spawning was observed from the end of April to the end of May ,and the spawning ground is beach land with running water at sand and gravel bottom . L . nigricauda fed mainly on the aquatic insects and their larvae , shrimp ,small fish and snail ,and fasted during the spaw ning season .
		2014 Vol. (8): 476-482 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (718 KB) ( 243 )

	483	Influence of Salinity on Activity of Na+/K+-ATPase in Different Organs and Tissues of Mudflat Crab, Helice tientsinensis
		XU Jing-ming
		The activities of Na+ /K+-ATPase in gill ,hepatopancreas and muscle were determined in mud-flat crab Helice tientsinensis exposed to different salinities (0 ,10 ,20 ,30 ,40 and 50) for 9 days at water temperature of 20 ℃ .The results showed that the order of the activity of the Na + /K+-ATPase in differ-ent organs and tissues was ranged at the same salinity as the following :gill> hepatopancreas> muscle , with significant difference (P<0 .05) .The stable activity of the Na+ /K+-ATPase in gill was observed in 9 day salinity exposure in the control group (30) ,40 ,and 50 groups ,just the latter two being slightly higher than the former ,without significant difference (P>0 .05) .There was significant higher activities of the Na+ /K+-ATPase in gills in other groups except 20 salinity group for 3 h salinity exposure than that at the beginning of the exposure (P<0 .05) ,increase in the activity with increase in salinity ,with signifi-cant difference (P<0 .05) from the control group .In the 24 h salinity exposure ,the maximal activity of the Na+ /K+-ATPase in gill was found in 0 ,10 and 20 groups ,followed by stable ,and then at a high lev-el .But the activity of Na+ /K+-A T Pase in hepatopancreas and muscle in the crab exposed to the salinity for 9 days was kept few change compared with the crab in the control group (P>0 .05) .
		2014 Vol. (8): 483-487 [Abstract] ( 55 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (886 KB) ( 240 )

	488	Comparison of Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Malondialdehyde Content in Different Tissues and Organs in Crucian Carp Carassius auratus in Qihe River
		ZHAO Yan-jing,JIANG Xin-yu,WU Fan,WU Xiang-min,JIANG Hong-xia,KONG Xiang-hui
		T he activities of superoxide dismutase ,catalase and glutathione peroxidase ,and malondialde-hyde content were studied in different tissues and organs of crucian carp Carassius auratus in Qihe river to understand differences in antioxidant defense ability in different tissues and organs in the fish .The results showed that there were different antioxidant enzyme activities in various tissues and organs .The order of superoxide dismutase activities in different tissues and organs was arranged as :hepatopancreas> kidney>muscle>gill> spleen ,with significant difference in various tissues and organs (P<0 .05) .The order of catalase activities in different tissues and organs was described as :hepatopancreas>kidney>gill>muscle>spleen ,with significant difference in different tissues and organs (P< 0 .05) .The range of glutathione peroxidase activities in different tissues and organs was expressed as :hepatopancreas > kidney > gill >muscle> spleen ,with significant difference in different tissues and organs (P< 0 .05) .The measured malondialdehyde contents in different tissues and organs were found as the order :hepatopancreas>kidney>gill> muscle> spleen ,without significant difference in muscle and spleen ( P> 0 .05) ,and significant difference in the other tissues and organs (P< 0 .05) .There were higher malondialdehyde contents and higher antioxidant enzyme activities in hepatopancreas and kidney . However , there were lower malondialdehyde content and antioxidant enzyme activity in spleen ,indicating that the accumulation of malondialdehyde induced the antioxidant enzyme activities .T he specificity of antioxidant enzyme activities and malondialdehyde contents in tissues and organs is involved in physiological function and metabolism level in different tissues and organs of crucian carp .
		2014 Vol. (8): 488-492 [Abstract] ( 42 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (756 KB) ( 266 )

	493	Isolation,Identification and Immobilization of Photosynthetic Bacteria from Chinese Soft Shelled Turtle Triony x sinensis Culture Waters
		ZHU Ling-yu,DAI Ai-min,DONG Ming-qian,YANG Shuo,GUAN Yue-qiang
		A strain of photosynthetic bacterium was isolated from the “red water” in Chinese soft shelled turtle Trionyx sinensis culture ponds ,and were identified and immobilized by morphological ,physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA sequencing .It was found that the bacterium with dull red round and regular colonies was short rod-shaped ,gram-negative ,motile ,and cultative anaerobic ,and i-dentified as Rhodobacter sphaeroides .The immobilized material screening showed that good quality cross-linked microsphere was observed in 3% sodium alginate solution with 4% CaCl2 solution .The Chinese soft shelled turtle culture water treated by immobilized R .sphaeroides in a laboratory modulated experiment showed that 42 .2% of COD and 43 .1% of ammonia nitrogen were eliminated from the waters in free cells group and 65 .1% of COD ,and 62 .1% of ammonia nitrogen in the immobilized cells ,indicating that immo-bilization of the bacteria improves the treatment effect of aquaculture waste waters .The findings will pro-vide reference to the treatment of wastewater produced by Chinese soft shelled turtle or other cultured ani-mals .
		2014 Vol. (8): 493-497 [Abstract] ( 66 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1039 KB) ( 347 )

	498	Purification and Some Characterization of Phosphatase f rom Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus)
		MA Jin-hu,XUE Fu-lai,WANG Yi-fan,LIN Ya-qiu,SHA Ya-juan,WU Hong,HE Qing-hua
		The properties of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) were studied in hepatopancreas of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus .In our study ,the isolation and purification of AKP were conducted by some processes of Tris-HCl(pH 7 .5)extraction ,n-butanol degreasing ,ammonium sulfate fractional precipitati-on and gel filtration (Sephadex G -150) ,and the kinetic properties of AKP and the effects of metal ions on the enzyme activity were studied .The molecular weight of the protein was about 54 ku by SDS-PAGE , with 7 .3 fold purification and specific activity of 949 .8U/mg .Kinetic assay showed that the optimum pH of the enzyme in catalyzed nitrobenzene disodium phosphate (PNPP) hydrolysis reaction was 10 .33 ,the optimum temperature was 38 ℃ ,the Michaelis constant (Km) value was 9 .03 mmol /L and the maximum reaction rate (Vmax) was 1 .5μmol /(L · min) .The findings showed that Li+ ,Na+ ,K+ had no effects on the activity of AKP ,and Ba2+ ,Ga2+ ,Mg2+and Mn2+ led to activation of the enzyme activity ,but EDTA , Cu2+ and Zn2+ inhibited the enzyme activity .Together ,we successfully isolated and purified the AKP from hepatopancreas of the grass carp and stuied the properties of AKP .Our findings might provide some refer-ence for the understanding of the function of AKP in the lipid metabolism of fish .
		2014 Vol. (8): 498-502 [Abstract] ( 86 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (953 KB) ( 419 )

	503	The Distributions and Regional Differences of Sulfide Content in Surface Sediments of Liaodong Bay in Summer
		WU Jin-hao,LI Nan,HU Chao-kui,WANG Nian-bin
		Sulfide in surface sediments of Liaodong Bay was surveyed in summer on August of 2013 ,for knowledge of the pollution status ,distribution characteristics and regional differences in sulfide content in this area .The results showed that the contents of sulfide were varied from 7 .91 to 218 .36 mg/kg in sur-face sediments of Liaodong Bay ,with the average content of 90 .51 mg/kg .Compared with other areas in China ,the degree of pollution of sulfide in the surface sediment was relatively low .Sulfide content in-creased gradually from the mouth of the Shuangtaizi River to the south ,and the further away from the coast ,the higher it was .The sulfide content in the South was higher than in the north overall .Clustering analysis showed that Liaodong Bay was divided into four kinds of typical region by sulfide content ,with the southeastern area>the coastal area> the middle area>the estuary area .
		2014 Vol. (8): 503-507 [Abstract] ( 64 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (925 KB) ( 308 )

	508	Isolation and Culture of Protoplasts in Eelgrass Zostera marina
		CUI Cui-ju,LIU Yan-ling,WANG Na,ZHANG Li-nan,TIAN Ping-ping,LI Xiao-jie,LUO Shi-ju,LI Yan
		The influences of hydrolase combination ,solution pH ,and enzymolysis time on isolation and preparation of protoplast in eelgrass Zostera marina were studied ,and the conditions for separation of pro-toplasts were optimized from the eelgrass aseptic seedlings .It was found that high protoplast at a rate of 3 .90 × 106 individuals/g eelgrass was obtained in 1 .0 g aseptic seedling leaves which were digested in 5ml enzyme solution containing 2% cellulase ,0 .5% pectinase and 0 .5mol/L sorbitol under dark conditions of pH 4 .0 for 16 hours at 17 ℃ .Neutral red staining revealed that these protoplasts had viability of 85 .0% , and the conditions of the protoplast culture were also discussed in the eelgrass .
		2014 Vol. (8): 508-511 [Abstract] ( 64 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (825 KB) ( 304 )

	512	Elimination of Flumequine in Muscles of Hybrid Tilapia
		MIAO Xiao-qun,ZENG Zhen-ling,LIU Zhi-chang,DING Huan-zhong,YANG Gui-xiang,HUANG Xian-hui,CHEN Zhi-hua
		The elimination and residues of flumequine in muscles and skins were determined in hybrid tila-pia(Oreochromis niloticus ♀ × O .aureus ♂)orally administrated in a single dose of 10 mg flumequine per kg body weight 3 ,6 ,12 ,24 ,48 ,72 ,96 ,120 ,144 and 168 h after oral administration at water tempera-ture of 29-31 ℃ by high performance re-chromatographic fluorescent method .The results showed that flumequine was aborbed rapidly in skins and muscles ,with Tmax in 9 h ,and Cmax of (750 .9 ± 148 .4)μg/kg . The flumequine was found to be eliminated slowly in skin and muscle tissues with elimination half life of 48 .46 h .Under the maximal limited residues of 500 μg/kg body weight ,it is suggested that flumequine rest period be 95 h in hybrid tilapia .
		2014 Vol. (8): 512-515 [Abstract] ( 55 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (710 KB) ( 254 )

	516	Effects of Dissolved Oxygen Levels on Growth and Biochemical Composition in Turbot Intensively Cultured
		ZHANG Zhao,LI Rong,GUO Hui,HU Pan,JIANG Zhi-qiang
		The effects of dissolved oxygen levels (DO) (5-6 mg/L as control group ,7-8 mg/L ,9-10 mg/L and 11-12 mg/L) on growth rate and biochemical composition were investigated in turbot (Scoph-thalmus maximus) with initial body weight of 90-110 g reared in an automatically aerating system for 50 days .The results showed that the weight gain rate ,specific growth rate and food conversion efficiency were found increase with the elevated dissolved oxygen levels ,with significant differences in apart groups (P<0 .05) .The whole body analysis revealed that the ash and crude protein contents were first increased and then decreased while the crude lipid content was first decreased and then increased ,the maximal crude protein content level and minimal crude lipid level in the fish between 9-10 mg/L DO group .Significant difference was observed among 9-10 mg/L DO group ,5-6 mg/L group ,and 11-12 mg/L DO group (P<0 .05 ) .
		2014 Vol. (8): 516-519 [Abstract] ( 77 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (666 KB) ( 323 )

	520	Effects of Salinity on Na+/K+-ATPase and Digestive Enzyme Activities of Turtle Trachemys scripta elegans
		ZHANG Ke,HONG Mei-Ling,SHI Hai-Tao,CUI Xue-Qin,JIANG Meng-Meng,LIN Duo-Li
		Turtle Trachemys scripta elegans with initial body weight of (125 .60 ± 19 .84) g were reared in a concrete tank at a salinity of 5 ,15 ,25 ,and 35 and freshwater for 90 days .The Na+ /K+-ATPase activi-ties in intestine ,liver and muscle were found to be increased firstly and then decreased with elapse of salin-ity stress ,the maximum at a salinity of 5 .In the stomach ,however ,Na+ /K+-ATPase activity was weak-ened with increase in salinity significantly (P<0 .05) .The pepsin activities were consistent with the chan-ges of ambient salinity and all increased firstly then decreased ,the maximum at a salinity of 5 ,and the he-patic lipase activity was decreased firstly and increased secondly ,and then decreased ,the maximum at a salinity of 15 .Intestinal lipase and amylase activities were weakened with increase in salinity .It is conclu-ded that high salinity (over 15) led to inhabit Na+ /K+-ATPase activity ,thus mortality of the turtle . However ,since low salinity (below 5)promoted Na+ /K+-ATPase activity ,and hence the turtle can sur-vive in low salinity (a salinity of below 5) waters more than 3 months .It is speculated that the turtle could invade in a wide range of waters ,even brackish water .
		2014 Vol. (8): 520-524 [Abstract] ( 94 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (653 KB) ( 307 )

	525	Influence of Maternal Immunization on Expression of Lysozmye Genes in Zebrafish Embryos
		LIU Xiao-ning,LI Zheng-long,WANG Zhi-ping,LI Ya-lin
		Maternal immunity ,the immunity transfered from mother to offspring ,plays a key role in pro-tection of the vulnerable offspring against pathogenic attacks during early development stages of fish .T he influence of mother immunization on the expression of lysozyme in zebrafish embryos was studied here , with the aim to demonstrate that mother immunization can improve the vertical transfer of maternal immu-nity and then improve the immunocompetence of the offspring .The mother zebrafish was immunized with the formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila ,the embryos were then collected every 7 days (zebrafish repro-duced eggs weekly in appropriate conditions ) ,total RNA was extracted and cDNA was synthesized with reverse transcription .The expression of maternal lysozyme was determined by real-time quantitative PCR . The results showed that mother immunization improved the expression level of maternal lysozyme in the newborn embryos ,the peak in 2 weeks .The findings indicate that vertical transfer of maternal immune factors at gene level (mRNA) should be a effective way for the maternal immunity ,and that mother immu-nization can improve the vertical transfer of maternal immunity .
		2014 Vol. (8): 525-528 [Abstract] ( 116 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (654 KB) ( 473 )

	529	Research Progress on Biology and Culture Ecology in Swamp Eel Monopterus albus
		LUO Ming-zhong,JIN Heng,YANG Dai-qin

		2014 Vol. (8): 529-534 [Abstract] ( 84 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (656 KB) ( 1140 )