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Information
月刊，1984年创刊
主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主 办：包头医学院
主 编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292
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2020 Vol. 39, No. 6
Published: 2020-11-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
Research and Application
787
Age and Growth of Crucian Carp
Carassius auratus
in Huangpu River and Dianshan Lake
ZHANG Yuanyuan, CHEN Wenyin, HU Zhongjun, LIU Dong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.001
From March to October 2018, total 1099 samples of crucian carp
Carassius auratus
were bimonthly collected in 8 sampling sites in the upper Huangpu River and Dianshan Lake by a trap, three-layer deep-water gill net and trawl net with a mesh of 5 mm. Otoliths and scales were used as age determining materials to investigate age structure, growth characteristics, and female-to-male ratio of crucian carp to provide scientific basis with assessing stock resources and population structure. The results showed that crucian carp samples were consisted of 1—5 years old fish, with dominant age class of 1—2 years old in Huangpu River and 1—3 years old in Dianshan Lake, accounting for 82% and 94% of the total samples, respectively. The crucian carp had mean body length of (12.10±2.20) cm and mean body weight of (69.49±48.16) g, with power function relationship between body length and body weight of
m
=0.0258
L
3.1178
(r
2
=0.93), in Huangpu River, and had mean body length of (12.20±2.50) cm and mean body weight of (71.51±47.82) g, with power function relationship between body length and body weight of
m
=0.0121
L
3.4010
(r
2
=0.97), in Dianshan Lake, both being allometric growth type due to having growth index b>3. The growth inflection point age of 2.59 years old was observed in Huangpu River, and 3.05 years old in Dianshan Lake. There was female to male ratio of 1.77∶1 for crucian carp in Huangpu River, and 1.79∶1 in Dianshan Lake. The findings indicated that the populations of crucian carp in Huangpu River and Dianshan Lake were simple and young in structure, with significantly lower sex ratios than that in other waters, and that the resources were increased by artificial release, which provides basic information for proliferation and effect valuation of artificial release.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 787-795 [
Abstract
] (
330
)
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310
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796
Bacterial Community and Diversity Analysis in a Polyculture System of Sea Cucumber
Apostichopus japonicus
with Chinese Shrimp
Fenneropenaeus chinensis
, and Tiger Shrimp
Penaeus monodon
GUAN Xiaoyan, WANG Bai, JIANG Jingwei, TIAN Jiashen, DONG Ying, ZHOU Zunchun, WANG Xuda
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.002
Sea cucumber
Apostichopus japonicas
was polycultured with Chinese shrimp
Fenneropenaeus chinensis
(30 000 ind/hm
2
), and tiger shrimp
Penaeus monodon
(7500 ind/hm
2
) in a 3.33 hm
2
and a water depth of 1.5 m pond in coastal Liaoning Province in Liaodong Bay from June to September 2018, with catching and stocking in rotation and without feeding, and the changes in diversity and abundance of the bacterial community were quantitatively analyzed in the water samples collected around the 15th of each month in the polyculture pond through the high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA amplicon to explore the dynamic changes in diversity and composition structure of the microbial community in the polyculture pond during the culture period. The results showed that the most important bacteria in the polytrophic waters was Proteobacteria (51.5%), followed by Actinobacteria (23.6%), Bacteroidetes (11.3%) and Firmicutes (9.1%). Cluster analysis showed that there were significant differences in the bacterial communities in the pond waters between the early period of aquaculture (June to July) and the late period (from August to September): significant increase in the abundance and diversity of the microbial communities in the pond waters in the later period. The abundance of Actinomycota showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, while the abundance of the Firmicutes in the late stage of culture was significantly higher than that in the early stage of culture. The dominant phyla in the water of A.F.P ponds were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was higher in the initial half of polyculture period than that in the latter half one, with lower relative abundance of
Firmicutes
in the early half of polyculture periods. The sequencing also indicated that the enriched
Pelagibacter
and
Pseudoalteromonas
enhanced the ability of algae degradation, promoted the resistance to eutrophication caused by feed, and contributed to maintain the environmental conditions for the survival and growth of cultured species. Moreover, the accumulation of
Pseudomonas
, Acidimicrobiia, and
Clostridia
in the latter half of polyculture period potentially improved the ammonia and nitrite removal, promoting the water quality, and reduced the infection risk of cultured species.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 796-803 [
Abstract
] (
248
)
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804
Population Genetic Structure of Yellow Catfish
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
from the Yangtze River and Huaihe River Basins in Anhui Province
HU Yuting, DUAN Guoqing, LING Jun, ZHOU Huaxing, PAN Tingshuang, JIANG He
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.003
In the study, the genetic diversity and population genetic structure were analyzed in 8 populations of yellow catfish
Pelteobagrus fulvidraco
collected from Yangtze River and Huaihe River systems in Anhui province based on mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) partial sequence. Overall, 49 haplotypes were identified with 48 mutation sites detected in total of 212 sequences in length of 1122 bp. The base composition of all sequences showed strong A/T bias and anti-G bias. The eight populations of yellow catfish were characterized by medium/high haplotype diversity (0.554—0.949) and low nucleotide diversity (0.00105—0.00221). The genetic differentiation index (0.2590), gene flow (1.4305) and the hierarchical analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that there were consistently significant genetic differentiations among all populations. Statistical parsimony network based on haplotypes and phylogenetic tree based on population genetic distance consistently indicated that the populations from Yangtze River and Huaihe River systems clustered together and formed an clade, respectively. The findings suggest that yellow catfish populations from Yangtze River basin and Huaihe River basins in Anhui province have developed significantly divergent genetic structures due to geographic isolation and that provide basic information for genetic assessment, being crucial for establishing of fisheries management and strategies for the species.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 804-812 [
Abstract
] (
211
)
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813
Etiology and Pathohistological Observation of Septicemia in Channel Catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
LI Chengwei, WANG Jun, LIU Jiahui, GENG Yi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.004
A bacterial strain was isolated from liver and kidney of diseased channel catfish
Ictalurus punctatus
showing symptoms of septicemia in Neijiang city, Sichuan province, by traditional pathogen isolation methods in order to define the potential pathogens and disease control methods of the channel catfish. The pathogenicity of the strain was validated by infection test, and identified as
Aeromonas hydrophila
by morphological observation, physiological and biochemical characterization, and by 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequence analysis. The antibiotic susceptibility indicated that the strain was sensitive to ofloxacin, norfloxacin, piperidic acid and tobramycin, intermediary to kanamycin, azithromycin and polymyxin B, and resistant to other drugs in the test. The histopathological observation of the diseased channel catfish showed that the diseased was characterized by congestion of hepatic lobular veins, hepatocyte granule degeneration, granular degeneration of hepatocytes vacuolar and even focal necrosis. Extensive congestion and hemorrhage of renal interstitium, lymphocyte infiltration, degeneration and exfoliation of renal tubular epithelial cells were observed in the diseased fish, and reduction in splenic lymphocyte number, congestion and hemorrhage were found as well. Furthermore, there were necrosis and exfoliation of intestinal mucosa and other pathological changes in the diseased channel catfish. It was concluded that
A. hydrophila
was identified as the pathogen causing the symptoms of septicemia. The findings provided theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 813-819 [
Abstract
] (
222
)
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177
)
820
Analysis of Sequence, Function and Expression of PtScd1 Gene in Tropical Stenothermal Fish Tiger Skin Barb
Puntius tetrazona
LIU Lili, ZHANG Rong, WANG Xiaowen, ZHU Hua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.005
Tiger skin barb
Puntius tetrazona
with body length of 5—7 cm was housed in a 30 L breeding tank at a rate of 30 fish per tank at water temperature of 27 ℃(control group), and then exposed to water temperature of 23 ℃, 19 ℃, 15 ℃, and 13 ℃ on the fourth day, by dropping 4 ℃ and 2 ℃ every 24 hours from the next day in the 4 groups. After 24 hours of treatment, 3 fish were randomly sampled from each tank, and anesthetized by MS-222 solution, and the brain, gills, liver and muscle tissues were dissected, and were quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen. Using CODEHOP software to design degenerate primers, a conserved sequence of tiger skin fish Scd1 (PtScd1) gene was amplified by PCR, RACE cloning and sequence splicing to obtain tiger skin fish stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) PtScd1 gene cDNA sequence. A 1338 bp PtScd1 cDNA sequence was obtained by rapid-amplification of cDNA ends and sequence assembly, and the open reading frame was predicted with 981 bp, encoding 326 amino acids. PtSCD1 protein was predicted with a fatty-acid desaturase conservation domain according to the Conserved Domain Database. Swiss-Model showed that there was a highly conserved binding site for two zinc ions, with more likely to be a diiron center, in the dimensional structure of PtSCD1, with two unconserved ligand sites. The protein model indicated that PtSCD1 catalyzed the synthesis of monounsaturated fatty acids leading to introducing a double band into the delta-9 position of fatty acids chain. The real time quantitative PCR revealed that the descending abundance of PtScd1 transcripts in various tissues and organs of adult tiger barb fish was described as liver >brain >muscle >gill, with negative correlation between the relative expression level of PtScd1 transcripts in brain tissue and the exposure temperature, and tissue-specific expression of PtScd1 transcripts in a temperature-dependent way. The findings indicated that PtScd1 gene was expected to play a vital role for tiger skin barb coping with cold stress, which would help promote the research of tiger skin barb survival under cold temperature.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 820-828 [
Abstract
] (
203
)
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204
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829
Effect of Flowing on Opening Culture of Diatom
Nitzschia closterium
f
. minutissima
LENG Xiaofei, ZHANG Bo, CHENG Dejin, ZHOU Mi, QI Shoubing, CHEN Shun, ZHANG Weijie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.006
Twelve 200 L (53 cm×72 cm×58 cm) water tanks with diatom
Nitzschia closterium
f.
minutissima
at initial density of 7.0×10
4
cells/mL were divided into 4 groups, and 3 W (group 1), 6 W (group 2), or 12 W(group 3) flow pumps were disposed at 20 cm from the bottom of the long surface of the tank with flow rate of 2000 L/h, 3000 L/h, and 5000 L/h with the water flow angle of 45° toward the bottom of the tank, the fourth tank (group 4) with manual agitation as control group, under natural light for 6 d to investigate the effect of different power flowing on the open culture efficiency of the diatom. The results showed that there was significantly higher microalga cell density in the three flow making groups than that in the control group (
P
<0.05) from the 3rd day to the end of the experiment, with (116.7±4.5)×10
4
cells/mL in group 1, (133.8±4.0)×10
4
cells/mL in group 2, and (144.5±3.8)×10
4
cells/mL in group 3, and 53.1%, 74.6%, and 93.1% higher than that in the control group [(76.3±4.7)×10
4
cells/mL], significant difference among the three flow making groups (
P
<0.05), significantly higher than that in the control group (
P
<0.01). No small blockings were observed in microalga cell in making flowing groups during the diatom culture, with significantly higher temperature in group 2 and group 3 at several time (
P
<0.05). There was significantly higher pH value in the three flowing groups than that in the control group after the noon of the 5th day (
P
<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that the correlation coefficient (R) was 0.923 between the medium pH and microalga cell density in the control group, and were ranged from 0.960 to 0.975 in the flowing groups. The regression models to predict cell density by pH was established via regression analysis, with higher determinate coefficients (r
2
) of the models in the flowing groups (0.9525—0.9685) than that in the control group(0.8588).
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 829-836 [
Abstract
] (
158
)
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837
Drug Resistance of
Vibrio harveyi
from Fishery Products in Wenzhou, China
WU Yue, ZHENG Yinuo, LU Rongmao, WANG Yaohua, YAN Maocang, HU Yuan, ZHOU Chaosheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.007
Drug sensitivity analysis kit was used to test the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 14 drugs against 11 strains of
Vibrio harveyi
identified from the infected fishes, shellfishes and shrimps in maricultyre in Wenzhou, China by biochemical identification and 16S rRNA sequencing, and high-throughput quantitative RT-PCR assay was used to test the expression profile of resistance gane of sulfonamide, quinolone and tetracycline to analyze the drug resistance of
V. harveyi
from aquatic animals in marine in Wenzhou. Susceptibility test showed that the 11 strains of
V. harveyi
had the maximal resistance rates (100%) to sulfadiazine and ampicillin sodium, high resistance rates to sulfamethoxazole (as 99.30%) and sulfamethoxine (88.03%), and sensitive to sulfamethazine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin and doxycycline. The three kinds of antibiotic resistance genes were detected positively in all strains, with the maximal detection rate of sul1 gene (81.82%) in all sulfonamide resistance genes, and the maximal detection rate of qnrD gene (63.64%) in all quinolone resistance genes, and the maximal detection rate of tet34, tet35 and tet36 (100%)in all tetracycline resistance genes. The findings indicated that most of the strains were multi-drug resistant to sulfonamides and β-lactam, and universally carried multiple resistance genes. There was a certain relationship between the sulfonamide resistance phenotype and the related resistance genes, while the quinolone, and tetracycline resistance phenotypes were not in direct proportion to the resistance genes.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 837-843 [
Abstract
] (
202
)
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239
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844
Identification and Drug Resistance of Pathogenic Bacteria HY3 in Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease from Pacific White Shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei
YU Dayong, CHEN Bixiu, ZHONG Yongjun, LIANG Xiuyan, HE Xinwei, XIA Haiyang, BAO Jiawei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.008
A pathogenic bacterium strain HY3 was isolated from Pacific white shrimp
Litopenaeus vannamei
with acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) symptom collected in Taizhou fishery farm by streak plate method, and identified as
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
by the characteristics of colony on TCBS plate and the sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and fur gene, aiming to investigate the pathogen of AHPND of Pacific white shrimp and to propose prevention strategy. The HY3 strain had tlh (thermolabile hemolysin), pirA
VP
and pirB
VP
genes which caused shrimp AHPND. The pathogenic challenge test showed that the strain had strong pathogenicity, with cumulative mortality rate of nearly 100% for the shrimp on the seventh day after infection. Drug susceptibility test revealed that the strain was resistant to streptomycin and ampicillin. The resistance gene test indicated that related resistance genes blaTEM, strA and strB were detected in the strain by PCR and DNA sequencing. Potassium permanganate, a fishery disinfectant, showed strong bactericidal activity to the strain HY3, with bactericidal rate of 99.99% at 10 mg/L potassium permanganate for 2 h.
V. parahaemolyticus
was proposed as the main pathogen for the AHPND of Pacific white shrimp in Taizhou, with resistant to streptomycin and ampicillin which is not used in control AHPND in Taizhou. However, potassium permanganate is recommended to be applied as disinfectant to prevent AHPND in Taizhou.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 844-851 [
Abstract
] (
180
)
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852
Genetic Diversity of Goby
Rhinogobius giurinus
in the Fragmented Habitat in Nanpan River
DING Xuemei, YAN Yuehui, LI Qiang, LUO Xu, TANG Lizhou
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.009
Multiple water conservancy facilities and the associated lakes result in fragmented habitats in Nanpan River areas. We investigated the effect of fragmented habitats on the population genetic diversity of goby
Rhinogobius giurinus
. Since the goby has never been domesticated because of low economic value, this species is suitable for evaluating the effect of fragmented habitats. Mitochondrial COXⅠgene and Cyt b gene were used as molecular markers for the analysis of the genetic diversity and differentiation of goby populations from 13 plateau lakes of the Nanpan River. In the COXⅠgene, Cytb gene and combined mitochondrial DNA sequences, 27, 22, 49 variable sites and 11, 13, 26 haplotypes were observed among 194 individuals belonging to 13 goby populations, with average haplotype diversity of 0.691, 0.813, 0.881 and nucleotide diversity of 0.0053, 0.0060, 0.0056. The phylogenetic trees showed that 13 populations of goby were divided into two branches without obvious phylogeographic pattern. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed that the genetic differentiation mainly occurred among populations. Overall, it was found that the goby in the fragmented habitats of Nanpan River had high genetic diversity as well as obvious genetic differentiation. Probably due to strong adaptability and stable effective population size, the goby displayed a high level of genetic diversity. Besides, both weak migration ability and fragmented habitats led to significant genetic differentiation of the goby.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 852-862 [
Abstract
] (
160
)
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(1 KB)
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(3090 KB) (
208
)
863
Artificial Propagation and Embryonic Development in New Strain of Bigscale Loach
Paramisgurnus dabryanus
MA Benhe, TAO Zhiying, WU Zaobao, WU Bin, WANG Haihua, XU Xiandong, CHEN Cuiyun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.010
A new strain of bigscale loach
Paramisgurnus dabryan
, “Ganhong No.1”, with body weight of (56.92±3.23) g were induced to spawn by injection of mixture of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A
2
, domperidone and chorionic gonadotropin at water temperature of (26.0±1.0) ℃. After the eggs were fertilized in 14.7 h by semi-dry artificial insemination, the developmental phases and morphological characteristics of embryo were observed and described in order to understand the embryonic development characteristics of variation of body color of bigscale loach “Ganhong No.1” strain. It was found that the “Ganhong No.1” had success rate of 93.4%, fertilization rate of 76.7%, and hatching rate of 72.3%. The fertilized eggs were demersal and adhensive, expansion after water absorption, with average diameter of 1052.49 μm. The fertilized eggs were hatched via 7 stages including blastoderm, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, neuroblasts, organogenesis and hatching under the conditions of water temperature of (26.9±0.8) ℃, dissolved oxygen level≥8.25 mg/L, and pH 8.2, with total accumulative temperature of 713.25 ℃·h. Newly hatched larvae with an average total length of 3193.42 μm had no melanin, and submergenced to the bottom, and occasionally making irregular short-distance rushes, with more than 40 myomeres, and heart beating rate of 72 to 85 beats/min. The findings indicated that the timing of embryo development of “Ganhong No.1” was the same as that of the normal bigscale loach, with difference in body color in both loach types during the hatching stage.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 863-870 [
Abstract
] (
169
)
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(1 KB)
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(3525 KB) (
161
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871
Effects of Vitamin C on Resistance to Dimethoate Stress in Juvenile
Schizothorax grahami
YANG Tongzhi, ZHAN Huixiang, YAO Junjie, YANG Mei, WEI Yulai, YANG Longbao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.011
40% Dimethoate was added to the mountain spring water in a tank with culture of
Schizothorax grahami
with body weight of (1.52±0.26) g at a dose of 0 (control group), 5.091, 10.182, 24.89, and 39.598 mg/L (96 h LC50=39.598 mg/L, safe concentration SC=10.182 mg/L) at water temperature of (13.5±0.5) ℃ for 120 h, and then 90 mg/L of vitamin C was added to water body in each group in order to investigate the toxicity of dimethoate to juvenile
S. grahami
, the toxic environment simulated by injecting dimethoate into the aquaculture water. The changes in activities of Fethoxy resorufin-deethylase (EROD), AchE, and catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the expression levels of HSP70 gene in juvenile
S. grahami
under dimethoate stress were investigated, and the detoxification effect of vitamin C on the stress was further explored. Activities of EROD, acetylcholinesterase and MDA content were analyzed in the muscle, liver, and gills of
Schizothorax grahami
in each group collected at 0, 24, 48, 96, and 120 h, and the expression of HSP70 mRNA and gene cloning in another muscle samples in a 5 to 10-fold volume of RNA preservation solution to investigate the ability of vitamin C to resist dimethoate stress in juvenile
S. graham.
The results showed that there were significantly increase in activities of EROD, AchE, and CAT and MDA level in juvenile
S. graham
in the over SC groups (
P
<0.05), with the lower activities of EROD, CAT, and AchE and MDA level in the SC group and the less than SC groups after adding vitamin C, the higher activity of EROD, and lower activities of CAT, and AchE and MDA level were observed in the juvenile
S. graham
exposed to the water containing vitamin C. The expression of HSP70 mRNA was shown to be significantly induced by different concentrations of dimethoate (
P
<0.05), without significant change in the other groups (
P
>0.05), except the maximal concentration group from 24 h to 96 h. After 96 h, however, the expression level of HSP 70 gene was decreased significantly in each group (
P
<0.05), close to the control group in the two lower concentration groups. The findings indicated that the damage to the body by dimethoate was not found to be recovery at dimethoate concentration of over SC, to a certain extent, without effect on the body at dimethoate concentration of less than SC. Vitamin C led to an active role in protecting the body from oxidative damage caused by exogenous substances to a certain extent, even though dimethoate induced the expression level of HSP 70 gene in juvenile
S. grahami
fish.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 871-879 [
Abstract
] (
152
)
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(1 KB)
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(4497 KB) (
164
)
880
Effects of Storage Temperature and Humidity on Enzyme Activities and Strength of Agar Gel in Brown Alga
Gracilaria
ZHANG Xiwen, WU Ling, TONG Fengjing, JIANG Zedong, ZHU Yanbing, XIAO Anfeng, NI Hui, LI Qingbiao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.012
Brown alga
Gracilaria
samples were disposed in a fresh-keeping box and thus had moisture of 10%, 14%, 40%, and 60% by adjusting the humidity in the fresh-keeping box. Then the samples with different moistures were continuously treated in a constant temperature incubator at 5 ℃, 15 ℃, 25 ℃, and 35 ℃ for 4 days, and agarase enzyme activity, reducing sugar content, agar extract extraction yield, agar gel strength, and other indicators were measured daily after treatment, three times in each group to clarify the intrinsic relationship between agarase activity and agar gel strength. The results showed that the changes in ambient temperature and humidity led to have an important influence on the activity of agaric enzyme and the strength of the extracted agar gel, with humidity being the most important factor. There were increases in agarase activity and the gel strength of agar as the humidity was elevated in the brown alga. There was stronger gel strength in the agar extracted from the brown alga containing 10% moisture 1 day and 2 days after the start of storage, with the maximum gel strength of (604.2±136.7), than that in gel extracted from the brown alga containing moisture of 60%.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 880-886 [
Abstract
] (
141
)
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(1 KB)
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(1823 KB) (
240
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887
Effects of Dietary Vitamin E on Growth and Gonadal Development in Nile Tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus
ZHANG Xu, TANG Zhanyang, HUANG Kai, WANG Liqun, SU Zhijian, LIU Ting, WANG Jingjie, MA Yanqun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.013
Females with initial body weight of (19.81±3.90) g and male with initial body weight of (18.55±3.65) g of Nile tilapia
Oreochromis niloticus
were fed basic diet containing 0 mg/kg (control group), 40 mg/kg, 80 mg/kg, 120 mg/kg and 160 mg/kg vitamin E at water temperature of (28.0±0.5) ℃ for 30 d. Then HE staining technique was used to make gonad and intestinal histological sections of female and male tilapia under different vitamin E concentrations to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin E on the reproductive performance, growth coefficient and intestinal morphology of female and male Nile tilapia. The results showed that the female tilapia fed the diet containing 120 mg/kg of vitamin E had the significantly higher intestinal villus height, the best growth performance and ovarian maturity. The male Nile tilapia fed the diet containing 160 mg/kg of vitamin E had the best growth performance and the best developed testis. There was no significant effect of supplementation of vitamin E on intestinal morphology of male Nile tilapia (
P
>0.05). The findings indicated that appropriate amount dietary vitamin E led to promote the gonad development of female and male Nile tilapia, the reproductive performance, the morphology and structure of intestinal tissue, and digestion and absorption of nutrients, which not only provided theoretical basis for the histological research of tilapia, but also provide a strong support for the healthy and sustainable development of the tilapia industry in the future.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 887-893 [
Abstract
] (
207
)
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(1 KB)
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(2853 KB) (
155
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894
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Little Scale Mandarinfish
Coreoperca whiteheadi
Population Based on Cytb and D-Loop Genes
YU Ke, AN Miao, HUANG Sheng, PAN Qiuzhi, NIE Fushun, HE Xiaokuan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.014
The genetic diversity, genetic structure and population history of little scale mandarinfish (
Coreoperca whiteheadi
) were investigated in 86 samples collected in Tongren Jinjiang River in the upper Yuanjiang River, Pingzhou River in Pingtang County and Zhangjiang River in Libo County by mitochondrial DNA Cytb gene and D-Loop gene analysis in order to explore the diversity of wild resources of little scale mandarinfish in Guizhou Province. The sequence was found to be 1141 bp in Cytb and 822 bp in D-Loop in length. In the Cytb region, 11 haplotypes were detected and 18 haplotypes were defined, with mean haplotype diversity of 0.918, mean nucleotide difference of 3.342 and mean nucleotide diversity of 0.00293. A total of 17 mutation sites were detected in the D-Loop region, including 3 deletions and 2 insertions, and 23 haplotypes were found, with mean haplotype diversity of 0.903, mean nucleotide difference of 3.343, and mean nucleotide diversity of 0.00410. The genetic differentiation index indicated that there was significant genetic differentiation among the three populations, and both the neutral test and the nucleotide mismatch analysis revealed that little scale mandarinfish had not experienced population expansion. The findings showed that the population structure of little scale mandarinfish in Guizhou Province was primitive due to inbreeding decline. The habitat of the population in the Yangtze River Basin is ideal, with great evolutionary potential. The population in Libo Zhangjiang River is at risk, and Jinjiang River is more suitable for little scale mandarinfish breeding. In this paper, the genetic diversity of little scale mandarinfish in Guizhou Province was evaluated at molecular level, which provides reference for the protection and utilization of its germplasm resources.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 894-901 [
Abstract
] (
177
)
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(1 KB)
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(2179 KB) (
238
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902
Influence of Different Diets on Intestinal Histological Morphologic Structure of Largemouth Bass
Micropterus salmoides
OU Hongxia, WANG Guangjun, LI Zhifei, YU Deguang, GONG Wangbao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.015
Largemouth bass
Micropterus salmoides
with an initial body weight of 1.2—1.3 g was reared in a pond, and fed chilled fish (chilled fish group) and formulated diet feed (feed group) for 8 months until to remarkeable fish when their intestines were taken and investigated histologically to evaluate the influence of different feed on intestinal morphologic structure of largemouth bass. There were lower mucosal thickness and villus height (V) in foregut and hindgut of largemouth bass in feed group than those in chilled fish group, reduction in relatively mucosal thickness by 13.71% (
P
<0.05) in foregut and by 22.73% in hindgut (
P
<0.05), decrease by 22.49% in villus height (
P
<0.05), and by 20.51% in hindgut (
P
<0.05). The largemouth bass in feed group had higher villus height, increased by 19.07% (
P
<0.05), in midgut than the fish in chilled fish group (10.72%) did (
P
<0.05). There were lower mucosa thickness and villus height/crypt depth (V/C ratio) in the largemouth bass in feed group than those in chilled fish group, decrease by 47.40%(
P
<0.05) in foregut, 7.40% in midgut (
P
>0.05), and 22.66% in hindgut (
P
<0.05), decrease in V/C ratio by 42.7% in foregut (
P
<0.05), 8.7% in midgut (
P
<0.05), and 56.5% in hindgut (
P
<0.05). The largemouth bass in feed group had higher crypt depth (C) than the fish in chilled fish group did, increase by 20.49% (
P
<0.05) in foregut, 19.36% in midgut (
P
<0.05), and 39.98% in hindgut (
P
<0.05). The intestinal absorption and absorption function were shown to be decreased in villus height and V/C ratio, and to be deepened in crypt depth in largemouth bass in feed group, indicating that the health of the intestines of the largemouth bass in feed group was damaged.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 902-907 [
Abstract
] (
247
)
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908
Toxicity and Safety Evaluation of Two Pesticides against Red Swamp Crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
and Chinese Mitten Crab
Eriocheir sinensis
LU Jian, ZHANG Jiajia, WANG Peipei, QING Hui, ZHOU Guoqin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.016
The acute toxicity of imidacloprid and phoxim to red swamp crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
and Chinese mitten crab
Eriocheir sinensis
at room temperature was studied by using the semi-static aquatic organism acute toxicity test method. The results showed that the LC
50
of imidacloprid against red swamp crayfish at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h was 35.949 mg/L, 26.193 mg/L, 12.320 mg/L and 3.547 mg/L, respectively, with the safe concentration of 0.354 mg/L. The LC
50
of phoxim in 24 h, 48h, 72 h and 96 h of red swamp crayfish was 0.018 mg/L, 0.013 mg/L, 0.012 mg/L and 0.010 mg/L, respectively, with safe concentration of 0.001 mg/L. The LC
50
of imidacloprid against Chinese mitten crab at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h were 432.252 mg/L, 280.366 mg/L, 211.01 mg/L, and 171.831 mg/L, respectively, with the safe concentration of 17.183 mg/L. The LC
50
of phoxim in 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h of Chinese mitten crab were 3.051 mg/L, 2.326 mg/L, 1.817 mg/L and 1.294 mg/L, respectively, with the safe concentration of 0.129 mg/L. Combined with national standards and the experimental data, it can be seen that imidacloprid is a poisonous, low and medium risk grade for red swamp crayfish, and phoxim is highly toxic and extremely high risk grade for red swamp crayfish; that imidacloprid is low-risk grade for Chinese mitten crab, phoxim is a poisoned, medium-risk grade for Chinese mitten crab.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 908-914 [
Abstract
] (
210
)
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332
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915
Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Hg and As Contents in Surface Sediments of Daya Bay in the Past Ten Years
YANG Wenchao, HUANG Daojian, CHEN Jixin, CHEN Xiaoyan, WANG Yushan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.017
Mercury (Hg) and arsenic (As) contents were determined in surface sediment collected at 6—13 sampling sites from Daya Bay in 2009, 2012, 2015 and 2018 according to the analysis methods in the “Ocean Monitoring Specification” (GB 17378.5—2007) to evaluate the distribution characteristics and pollution situation in Daya Bay. The pollution level was assessed based on potential ecological risk. The results indicated that the concentrations of Hg was 0.005—0.070 mg/kg, 0.005—0.071 mg/kg, 0.070—0.160 mg/kg, 0.008—0.064 mg/kg, and the average concentrations of Hg was 0.04, 0.04, 0.12, 0.04 mg/kg. The concentrations of As was 4.56—10.90 mg/kg, 1.50—8.80 mg/kg, 4.52—8.06 mg/kg, 5.65—9.90 mg/kg, and the average concentrations of As was 7.98, 4.81, 6.78, 7.35 mg/kg. The contents of Hg and As were changed gently, all within the standards of first class of Marine Sediment Quality (GB 18668—2002). The contents of Hg and As were distributed roughly the same, showing a decreasing trend from the top of the bay to bay mouth. The main source of Hg was derived from the sewage discharges in the coastal areas and the combustion of fossil fuels by industrial enterprises. The main source of As was related to agricultural pollution. The potential ecological risk showed that Hg presented strong potential ecological risk and As presented slight potential ecological risk. In the past ten years, Hg pollution in Daya Bay sediments has not been alleviated and more sufficient attention should be paid to Hg pollution in sediments.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 915-921 [
Abstract
] (
138
)
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164
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922
Acute Toxicity of Thiamethoxam and Activities of Antioxidant Enzymes and Acetylcholinesterase in Juvenile Crucian Carp
Carassius auratus
WANG Zhao, PENG Shu, MENG Lixia
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.018
Acute toxicity of thiamethoxam to juvenile crucian carp
Carassius auratus
with body weight of (19.81±2.40) g was investigated at water temperature of (24±1) ℃, pH 7.0±0.5, dissolved oxygen level of (5±1) mg/L, and thiamethoxam dilution to 24.35, 28.73, 33.90, 40.00 and 47.20 mg/L with acetone as the control by a semi-static toxicity method, and the effects of different concentrations (1 and 10 mg/L) of thiamethoxam on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in different tissues of crucian carp was determined to understand the effect of thiamethoxam on the biochemical indices of crucian carp juveniles. It was found that the median lethal concentration of thiamethoxam to the juvenile was 39.22 mg/L in 24 h, 35.84 mg/L in 48 h, 30.71 mg/L in 72 h, and 28.95 mg/L in 96 h. There was increase in activities of SOD and CAT in the liver and gills first, and decrease then in the crucian carp juveniles exposed to 1 and 10 mg/L of thiamethoxam. The activity of AChE in the brain was varied with treatment period, wholly induced first and then inhibited. The findings indicated that thiamethoxam caused the dysfunction of fish antioxidant defense and neural system, thereby affecting the normal growth performance of fish.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 922-927 [
Abstract
] (
176
)
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(1336 KB) (
352
)
928
Nutrient Composition of Different Parts of Antarctic Icefish
WANG Ping, ZHANG Jian, SUN Liqin, JING Yuexin, LI Zhenduo, LIU Kui, MA Ji, WANG Gongming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.019
The contents of approximate compositions, fatty acids, amino acids and mineral elements were analyzed in bones, flesh, head and skin of Antarctic icefish
Channichthys mithridatis
with body weight of (198±3.25) g by conventional methods and the quality of different parts of the icefish was evaluated. It was found that the Antarctic icefish had high protein content in flesh and skin, and was rich in fat and ash contents in bone and head. A total of 28 kinds of fatty acids, 11 kinds of saturated fatty acids and 17 kinds of unsaturated fatty acids were detected in different parts of Antarctic icefish, in which there were significant differences in percentage of saturated fatty acid content in total fatty acid content in various parts (
P
<0.05), accounting for 25.15% in bone, 24.87% in flesh, 30.96% in head and 31.91% in skin. There were significant difference in percentage of unsaturated fatty acid content in total fatty acid content in various parts (
P
<0.05), accounting for 49.50% in bone, 52.27% in flesh, 37.64% in head, and 76.64% in skin, with 31.68% of EPA and DHA in total fatty acids of Antarctic icefish flesh. Seventeen kinds of amino acids were detected in flesh and head, and 16 kinds of amino acids in bone and skin, without cystine. There were significant differences in percentage of total amino acids (
P
<0.05), accounting for 35.18% in bone, for 77.77% in flesh, 44.24% in head, and for 69.16% in skin in dry weight. The total amount of Asp, Glu, Gly and Ala in fish flesh and skin was higher than that in bone and head. Various mineral elements and contents were detected in different parts of Antarctic icefish (
P
<0.05), rich in Mg and K elements in flesh, rich in Mg, Ca and Mn elements in bone and head, especially Ca element in bone, and rich in Mg, Cu, Zn and Fe elements in skin. The finding provides a data basis for the comprehensive utilization of Antarctic icefish in the future.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 928-934 [
Abstract
] (
215
)
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(1 KB)
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235
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935
Determination and Matrix Effects of Prometryn in Fishery Products by GC-MS
GUI Yingai, GE Xiangwu, SUN Chengpeng, DING Yong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.020
A detection method and matrix effects of prometryn were explored in fishery products by GC-MS. Triazine herbicide was extracted by acetonitrile and purified by Envi-Carb/LC-NH
2
solid phase extraction column by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) under selective ion monitoring mode (quantitative ion
m/z
241), which was quantified by standard addition method. After correction, the recovery of the method was 99.6%—112.6%, the coefficient of variation was 2.0%—15.4%, and the quantitative limit was 10 μg/kg. The method of eliminating false positive in samples by simultaneously monitoring two product ions was also given, and used for qualitative confirmation and quantitative determination of prometryne in fishery products.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 935-940 [
Abstract
] (
137
)
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213
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941
Effect of Water Temperature on Embryonic Development of Frog
Pelophylax nigromaculatus
WANG Yuzhu, LIU Wenshu, LI Siming, LI Debing, GUO Xiaoze
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.021
The same patch eggs of frog
Pelophylax nigromaculatus
with the developmental 15th stage were incubated in wooden frame cotton nets disposed in a 50 cm×30 cm×44 cm glass jar about 1 cm below the water surface at a density of 100 eggs per jar at water temperatures of 18, 21, 24, 27, 30, and 33 ℃, and photoperiod of 12L∶12D to investigate the effects of different water temperatures on the hatching rate, survival rate, developmental duration, and developmental parameters including body weight, body length, tail length, and body width of the frog embryos. The results showed that the frog larvae with stage 25 had increasing survival rate first and then decreasing survival rate with the increase in water temperature, with survival rate of over 82.42% at 24—27 ℃, without significant effect of water temperature on hatching rate (
P
>0.05). The body weight in stage 25 was shown to be increased with the increase in the test water temperature,and body length, body width and tail length showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in temperature, with the maximum at 30 ℃. The embryo development rate was gradually accelerated with the increase in water temperature, and took 10 h and 60 h to develop from stage 15 to stages 19 and 25 at water temperature of 33 ℃, respectively, and 48 h and 204 h at 18 ℃. It is concluded that 24—27 ℃ is suitable water temperature range for embryo development of frog
P. nigromaculatus
.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 941-946 [
Abstract
] (
237
)
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520
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947
Thermodynamics of Inhibition of Extract from
Galla Chinensis
on
Streptococcus agalactiae
ZHENG Mengzhen, TONG Yannan, ZHAI Shaowei, LIN Mao, JIANG Xinglong, LAI Xiaojian, LI Zhongqin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.022
The effective components of
Galla Chinensis
were extracted by using high-speed counter current chromatography (HSCCC) and the optimal separation solvent system consisted of ethyl acetate, ethanol and water (with a volume ratio of 5∶1∶5) and the in vitro antibacterial effects of the crude extract and the separate components on
Streptococcus lactis
TN3L was detected by microcalorimetry and the half inhibitory concentration of the ingredients of the
Galla Chinensis
in order to evaluate the inhibitory effect of
Galla Chinensis
isolates on
Streptococcus agalactiae
and to utilize gallnut more effectively in practice. The results showed that
Galla Chinensis
was separated into 5 components including W
1
, W
2
, W
3
, W
4
, and W
5
. The IC
50
of fractions W
2
—W
5
were found to be 2.2294 mg/mL, 0.2570 mg/ mL, 0.6687 mg/mL, and 0.1750 mg/mL, the descending order of inhibitory effect being described as W
2
<W
4
<W
3
<W
5
<crude isolate, without inhibitory effect on
S. agalactiae
TN3L in fraction W
1
, and strong inhibitory effect in components W
5
and W
3
which were the main antibacterial fractions of
Galla Chinensis
on
S. agalactiae
TN3L.
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 947-952 [
Abstract
] (
176
)
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195
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Overview and Specific Topic
953
Progress on Toxicity of Phthalates to Plankton: A Review
LI Xin, SHEN Chenchen, WEI Jie, XIE Xi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.023
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 953-963 [
Abstract
] (
239
)
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(1 KB)
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(1221 KB) (
387
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964
Application of Bacteriophage in Aquaculture: Focusing on Problems and Solutions
LYU Ke, ZHAO Qiancheng, LIU Jingyi, MA Zizhen, XU Yongping, MA Yongsheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.024
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 964-971 [
Abstract
] (
249
)
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365
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972
A Review: Research Advances on an Aquatic Common Contaminating Bacterium
Rahnella aquatilis
LIANG Jing, HU Xiucai, LYU Aijun, SUN Jingfeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.06.025
2020 Vol. 39 (6): 972-978 [
Abstract
] (
545
)
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587
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