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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2021 Vol. 40, No. 2
Published: 2021-03-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
151 Effects of Bacillus licheniformis on Growth, Digestive and Immune Functions of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
WANG Xuda, GUAN Xiaoyan, WANG Jian, DONG Ying, JIANG Jingwei, JIANG Bei, LI Shilei, ZHAO Zelong, CHEN Zhong, GAO Shan, ZHOU ZunchunLiaoning
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20051
A feeding experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of probiotics on growth, digestive enzyme activity and immune defense factors of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus. The Bacillus licheniformi isolated from the intestines of sea cucumber was identified as the strain of potential probiotics. Sea cucumber with an initial body weight of (7.17±0.86) g was fed a control diet or a diet supplemented with probiotics containing B. licheniformis. The additive does of living Bacillus cell in feed were 105, 107, 109, and 1011 cfu/g and the relevant indices were determined every ten days. After 40 days of feeding with B. licheniformis-diets or control diet, live Vibrio splendidus was injected into the body wall of sea cucumber to conduct the challenge test. Results showed the sea cucumber fed diet with 105 and 1011 cfu/g B. licheniformis had no significant difference growth, digestive enzyme activity and immune defense factors compared with the control. Added viable B. licheniformis with the concentration of 107, 109 cfu/g into the feed not only promoted the weight gain rate(WGR) and specific growth rate(SGR), but also significantly improved the digestive enzyme activity, such as activities of trypsin(TRY), lipase(LPS) and amylase(AMS), besides the immune defense factors, activities of acid phosphatase(ACP), alkaline phosphatase(AKP), super-oxide dismutase(SOD) and lysozyme(LZM) were also increased significantly compared with the control. Most indices mentioned above were increased continually during the whole study other than the activities of AMS and SOD of sea cucumbers were increased initially and then decreased. The challenge test showed that sea cucumbers fed the diet either with 107 or 109 cfu/g B. licheniformis had lower cumulative mortality rate(CMR) and higher relative percent survival(RPS), and had a potential of enhancing the disease resistance against V. splendidus compared with controls. The findings indicated that when the supplemental level of B. licheniformis in diets at the doses of 107 and 109 cfu/g, the growth, digestion and immune function of sea cucumber were promoted effectively.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 151-158 [Abstract] ( 288 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1848 KB)  ( 178 )
159 Effect of Post-Harvested Air Exposure on Quality of Three Species of Molluscs
YAN Lixin, JIANG Minghui, LIU Junrong, YI Hongli, WANG Xuanfei, TIAN Yuanyong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19237
In order to study the air exposure tolerance of cultured economically important molluscs in early post-harvest process, vigorous Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas and Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis were selected to put in the air exposure condition for 8 d in 4 ℃. The contents of glycogen, ATP related compounds and arginine phosphate, pH, and opine dehydrogenase activity in adductor muscle were detected to study the quality change in this process. The results showed that during the period of air-exposure storage, there was no significant change in the pH value of the molluscs (P<0.05), while the pH values were decreased from 7.23 and 7.39 to 6.88 and 6.80 in oyster and scallop, respectively. The glycogen content of the three species of molluscs showed a decreasing trend. The initial contents of ATP in clam and oyster were only 0.41 and 0.42 μmol/g, with no significant change during storage (P<0.05), while the initial content of ATP in scallop was 4.05 μmol/g, and decreased sharply with the extension of storage time. The activity of ODH was the highest in the adductor muscle of scallop and clam, and showed an increasing trend with the storage time, while ADH and SDH played bigger roles in oyster. Combined with principal component analysis, it was concluded that the tolerance time of oyster, clam and scallop in air exposure was 8 d, 4 d and 2 d, respectively. The findings indicated that the establishment of specific management measures should be combined with the difference of air exposure tolerance in the circulation process of post-harvested molluscs.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 159-165 [Abstract] ( 211 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1695 KB)  ( 290 )
166 High-Quality Total RNA Extraction Method from Mesenteric Adipose Tissue of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idella
JIANG Peng, LUO Liting, LI Shengjie, FAN Jiajia, MA Dongmei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20211
In this study, an improved RNA extraction method was developed from mesenteric adipose tissue of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella with body weight of 80—150 g by comparative analysis of multiple optimization operation steps from the conventional single-step extraction with acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform. The results showed that there was lower RNA content in mesenteric adipose tissue than that in other visceral tissues, with more easily degraded in the sample pretreatment stage. It was found that the amount of adipose tissue being increased to about 30 mg was helpful to improve RNA yield and to meet the needs of relevant tests. During the lysis process using TRIzol reagent, the mechanical homogenization time prolonged to about 3 min led to significantly reduce the degree of RNA degradation. Addition of the liquid nitrogen treatment before homogenization reduced the risk of RNA degradation. The Agilent Bioanalyzer analysis revealed that the RNA integrity number (RIN) values were 8.7—9.0 for the improved RNA samples, speculating that an additional time of homogenization formed a state of sustained shear force, which promoted guanidinium thiocyanate and other components in TRIzol reagent to break through the lipid droplet barriers and then efficiently denature endogenous ribonucleases. The quality of total RNA extracted from mesenteric adipose tissue by the improved method met the requirements of high-throughput transcriptome sequencing.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 166-171 [Abstract] ( 231 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1433 KB)  ( 217 )
172 Correlation Analysis of Morphometric Traits on Body Weight in Guanghe Breeding Strain of Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis
ZHENG Yan, LIU Xu, SUN Na, GENG Dan, LI Yang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20059
Carapace length (x1), postcarapace length (x2), body height (x3), frontal width (x4), first side tooth width (x5), meropodit length of the third periopod (x6), propodit length of the third periopod (x7), dactylopodit length of the fourth periopod (x8) and body weight (y) were measured in 500 samples, 250 females [(95.27±14.60) g] and males [(145.03±23.46) g], of adult Guanghe breeding strain of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis collected from Panjin Guanghe Crab Industry Co., Ltd., Panjin, China. The correlation coefficient, path coefficient, and determination coefficient of body weight with morphological traits as independent variables were calculated by correlation analysis and path analysis, and then the influence of each trait was divided. The results showed that there was the maximal coefficient of variation in body weight, 16.17% for male and 15.32% for female, among the all parameters in Guanghe breeding strain of Chinese mitten crab, showing great potential for selection by body weight in each morphological trait. The maximal correlation coefficient, 0.830 for male and 0.893 for female, was observed between carapace length and postcarapace lengtht among the all traits. Among the correlations between various morphological traits and body weight, the correlation coefficient of the carapace length was the largest, 0.806 for male and 0.954 for female. There was greater indirect impact of all morphological traits on body weight than the direct impact of all morphological traits on body weight, with the descending order of indirect effects on body weight as x1>x4>x3>x6 in male, and x1>x3>x6>x4 in female. Carapace length was the most important factor determining body weight in each morphological character, 32.1% for male and 53.8% for female. The propodit length of the third periopod and the carapace length showed the greatest synergistic effect on the body weight, 20.2% for male and 14.8% for female. The x7 and x1 were important decisive indicators for body weight, with the optimal regression equation between body weight and morphological characters as y=-224.598+3.826x1+1.846x6+2.866x4+2.14x3 in male, and y=-166.408+3.734x1+0.754x6 +0.817x3-1.014x4 in female.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 172-178 [Abstract] ( 173 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1316 KB)  ( 142 )
179 Effect of Light on Growth and Pigment Content of Alga Euglena gracilis
WANG Yizhe, YAO Yijiong, WANG Ziyi, JIA Xuying, GAO Jinwei, ZHANG Wenhui, SHAO Peng, DOU Yong, ZHOU Wenli
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19249
To investigate effect of light on growth and pigment contents of alga Euglena gracilis, the microalga were placed in different light intensities (0 lx, 1500 lx, 3000 lx, 4500 lx, and 6000 lx ), photoperiod (16L∶8D, 14L∶10D, 12L∶12D, 10L∶14D, and 8L∶16D), light wavelengths (green light 495—530 nm, blue light 450—480 nm, red light 615—650 nm, white light, and yellow light 580—595 nm) and then the cell density and the pigment contents were determined by static culture in a constant temperature and light incubator at 450—465 nm and 580—595 nm. The results showed that light intensity, photoperiod and light wavelengths had significant effects on the growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of alga E. gracilis (P<0.05). The light intensity in 1500, 3000, and 4500 lx light groups had a positive effect on the growth of alga, and the light intensity of 3000 lx was the most significant, with the best cell growth. The cytochrome content was also higher than that in the other two groups; the photoperiods 16L∶8D, 14L∶10D and 12L∶12D led to promote the growth of the alga, and the growth condition and cytochrome content of the 14L∶10D group were better. In the other treatment groups, the 8L∶16D inhibited the growth of the alga E. gracilis, and the pigment content was also significantly lower than that in the other treatment groups (P<0.05). The blue light and white light groups significantly promoted the growth of the E. gracilis (P<0.05), and the highest pigment content under blue light conditions was more conducive to the accumulation of cytochrome. In summary, the most suitable conditions for the growth and the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments of E. gracilis are light intensity of 3000 lx, photoperiod of 14L∶10D and blue light.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 179-187 [Abstract] ( 177 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2434 KB)  ( 513 )
188 Effects of Algae-Daphnia Systems on Regulation of Effluent from Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei Culture and Growth of Microalgae and Water Fleas Daphnia magna
LIU Mei, YUAN Julin, NI Meng, LIAN Qingping, GUO Aihuan, GU Zhimin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19258
A total of 5000 mL of sterilized water in Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei rearing ponds was held in a 5000 mL autoclaved beaker, divided into 10 groups, and inoculated with various combinations of algae and water fleas Daphnia magna with initial alga inoculation density of 1×108 cell/mL and water fleas density of 1 individual/L, namely, Chlorella pyrenoidosa group (C1), C. pyrenoidosa + D. magna group (C2), Chlamydomonas sp. group (C3), Chlamydomonas sp. + D. magna group (C4), Cryptomonas obovat group (C5), C. obovat + D. magna group (C6), C. pyrenoidosa + Chlamydomonas sp. group (C7), C. pyrenoidosa + Chlamydomonas sp. + D. magna group (C8), Chlamydomonas sp. + C. obovat group (C9), and Chlamydomonas sp. + C. obovat + D. magna group (C10), with 3 parallel groups. The pH value, and contents of dissolved oxygen (DO), total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, total phosphorus (TP) and chlorophyll a were measured every 3 days to investigate the effect of the combined system on the purification of the water in Pacific white shrimp culture and growth of both the shrimp and the algae. It was found that both microalgae and D. magna grew normally in the treatment groups, with good water purification effect of the alga-water fleas combination system, and in particular, the removal rates of 82% for nitrate, 77% for nitrite and 99% for ammonia nitrogen at the end of the experiment. There was poor growth rate in polycultured microalgae than that in monoculture microalgae, with the maximal relative growth rates of 27.7% in C. pyrenoidosa and 26.9% in Chlamydomonas sp.. C. pyrenoidosa was the most favorable for the growth and reproduction of D. magna which was increased from 5 to 88 in number at the end of the experiment, followed by Chlamydomonas sp. (80) and C. obovata (59). In the early stage of culture, D. magna promoted the growth of microalgae, and later prevented the excessive propagation of microalgae, so as to maintain the stability of beneficial algae phase for a long time due to the increase in number of water fleas feeding pressure. Thus, inoculation of C. pyrenoidosa, Chlamydomonas sp. and D. magna were beneficial to the regulation of aquaculture water environment and to maintain the stability of microalgae phase.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 188-195 [Abstract] ( 185 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2829 KB)  ( 149 )
196 Effect of Fish Meal Replaced by Feed Grade Poultry By-Product Meal on Growth Performance, Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities and Serum Biochemical Indices of Rice Field Eel Monopterus albus
CAO Xiaoli, HU Yi, HU Yajun, CHEN Kaijian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20004
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) with feed grade poultry by-product meal on growth performance and physiological indicators of rice field eel Monopterus albus. In this experiment, healthy rice field eel with an initial body weight of (26.67±0.05) g were reared in a cage of 1.5 m×2.0 m×1.5 m covered with alligator weed Alternanthera philoxeroides more than 90% of the water surface, and fed 5 kinds of isotonic isoenergetic diets prepared by fish meal replacement by various levels of poultry by-product meal: fish meal group (control group), 15% substitution group (group 15%), 30% substitution group (group 30%), 45% substitution group (group 45%) and 60% substitution group (group 60%) with 3 replicates per group and 60 fish per replicate to evaluate the effect of using feed-grade poultry by-product meal instead of fish meal on rice field eel growth, intestinal digestive enzyme activity, and serum biochemical indicators. Results showed that the significant decrease in weight gain rate, and significant increase in levels of C3 and C4 were observed in the fish fed the diets with the replacement ratio of over 30% (P<0.05). The fish fed the diets with the high replacement ratio had significantly higher food conversion ratio, and contents of crude fat and triglyceride (TG) than the fish fed the control diet did (P<0.05), significantly higher low-density lipoprotein contents in group 30% and group 45% (P<0.05). There was lower intestinal lipase activity in all the groups (P<0.05), except for the group 45%, without significant difference. Albumin content was found to be lower in each treatment group than that in the control group (P>0.05). There were significantly higher GPT activities in group 15% and group 30% than that in the control group (P<0.05). To sum up, no negative effect on the growth performance and physiological function was observed in the rice field eel fed the diet with less than 30% fish meal replaced by the feed grade poultry by-product meal under the conditions of this experiment.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 196-202 [Abstract] ( 177 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (988 KB)  ( 201 )
203 Effects of Nitrogen Concentration on Growth and Biochemical Characteristics of Young Kelp Laminaria hyperborea Seedlings
YUAN Yanmin, LIU Fuli, LIANG Zhourui, WANG Xiao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19231
Kelp Laminaria hyperborea has great potential for seaweed bed construction and artificial cultivation in China. To clarify the suitable nitrate concentration for the growth of young kelp seedlings and the biochemical responses under nitrogen stress, the relative growth rate and biochemical properties were investigated under different nitrate concentration(0, 0.5, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 mg/L). The main results were as follows: (1) the optimum nitrate concentration for growth of young kelp seedling was 2—8 mg/L. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content of young seedlings was higher at low nitrate concentration, and it was negatively interrelated with the relative growth rate (RGR), indicating that the membrane lipid peroxidation may be one of the reasons contributing to the low relative growth rate of young kelp seedlings. (2) At low nitrogen concentration (0—0.5 mg/L), the content of superoxide anion (SA) and the specific activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in young kelp seedlings increased significantly, indicating that these three antioxidant enzymes, especially POD played a key role in action of clearing the free radicals. However, there was a more obvious accumulation of MDA, indicating that the action of antioxidant enzymes may be limited to scavenge the SA. At high nitrogen concentration (10 mg/L), there was no significant accumulation of SA and MDA, and the specific activities of SOD, POD and CAT were increased significantly, indicating that the antioxidant enzyme system of young seedlings can function at high nitrogen concentration and scavenge the accumulated reactive oxygen species. In general, high and low concentrations of nitrate nutrient showed different effects on the antioxidant enzyme system of the young kelp seedlings. (3) In the high and low concentrations of nitrate nutrient and phosphate, carotenoid and chlorophyll-a contents were lower than the appropriate concentration, indicating that it had not respond to nitrogen stress significantly. These findings can provide theoretical guidelines for the seedling, breeding and artificial cultivation of kelp L. hyperborea.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 203-209 [Abstract] ( 175 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1426 KB)  ( 144 )
210 Hematogenesis in Grouper Hybrid Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × E. fuscoguttatus ♀
TANG Qitong, CAO Fujun, YE Ning
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19027
The smear and print of head kidney, body kidney, and spleen of grouper hybrid Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂ × E. fuscoguttatus ♀ were stained with Wright′s dye solution, and the blood cells were observed, photographed, measured, and statistically processed to probe into the development of haemocytes. The results showed that the development of red blood cells was divided into four stages: namely proerythroblast, immature erythroblast, erythrocyte and old erythrocyte, in which the cell volume was getting smaller during the maturation of the erythroid cells. The granuloid lineages were divided into five stages: progranulocytes, promyelocytes, mesenchymal granulocytes, late granulocytes and mature granulocytes, in which the cell volume was getting smaller, however, from the neutrophilic metagranulocyte to the neutrophilic granulocyte, the their sizes were larger than the cells of other fish from the progranuloblast to the neutrophilic metagranulocyte. During the maturation of the eosinophilic granulocytes, they were reduced in size. The monocytoid lineage and lymphoid lineage were divided into three stages: primitive stages, immature stage and mature stage, and these two kinds of cells had regularly reduced in size during development. There were larger cells in the grouper hybrid than those in other fishes, much larger neutrophilic granulocyte than eosinophilic granulocyte, without proerythroblast and progranuloblast in spleen. Only macrophage and reticulocyte were oberved in body kidney. The developments of erythrocyte, granulocyte, lymphocyte, and monocyte were found mainly in head kidney, and then in body kidney. Erythrocytes, and granulocytes developed mainly in head kidney and body kidney. The findings indicated that head kidney, body kidney, and spleen were the main sites of genesises of primary monocytes and protolymphocytes.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 210-217 [Abstract] ( 157 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2307 KB)  ( 117 )
218 Uncertainty Comparison of Two Methods for Detection of Cadmium in Fishery Products
TAN Xiuhui, YANG Hongsheng, HUANG Hongbing, LI Jiajia, XIA Liping, ZHANG Qiuyun, LIU Chang, ZHU Xiaohua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20014
The content of cadmium in FAPAS QC Material T07279QC was comparatively determined by both graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), a mathematical model of uncertainty evaluation for detection of cadmium in fishery products was established, and each component of uncertainty of the two analytical methods was quantified to evaluate uncertainty of the two methods for the determination of cadmium in fishery products and to explore the sources of measurement uncertainty. The major uncertaintyof GFAAS method was found to be derived from variability of calibration curve, compared to standard solution preparation for ICP-MS method, with the higher expanded uncertainty in GFAAS method than that in ICP-MS method. The content of cadmium in the FAPAS QC Material T07279QC was calculated as (7.47±0.470) mg/kg by the GFAAS method and (7.53±0.376) mg/kg (k=2) by ICP-MS method. The determination values by two methods were both in consistency with the certified value (5.76—9.33 mg/kg).
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 218-225 [Abstract] ( 142 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1112 KB)  ( 156 )
226 Genetic Diversity of Yellow Catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco (♀), Longsnout Catfish Leiocassis longirostris (♂) and Their Hybrid F1 Generation
WANG Hongyu, WU Zhaowen, FU Dongyong, SU Mengyuan, YANG Wenshan, TANG Rongye, WANG Tao, YIN Shaowu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19229
Genetic diversity was investigated in 1 year old yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and longsnout catfish Leiocassis longirostris with body weight of (14.20±1.20) g and their hybrid F1 [yellow catfish (♀) and wild longsnout catfish (♂) cross] using SSR molecular labeling technology and 12 pairs of high polymorphic primers selected from 20 pairs of microsatellite primers. The average number of allele (Na) was shown to be 4.583 in yellow catfish, 3.667 in longsnout catfish and 5.000 in their F1 hybrids, the average number of effective allele (Ne) was found to be 2.382 in yellow catfish, 2.221 in longsnout catfish and 2.535 in their F1 hybrids, the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) 0.419 in yellow catfish, 0.367 in longsnout catfish and 0.604 in their F1 hybrids, and the average expected heterozygosity (He) 0.477 in yellow catfish, 0.383 in longsnout catfish and 0.597 in their F1 hybrids. There was polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.420 in yellow catfish, 0.365 in longsnout catfish and 0.509 in their F1 hybrids. The genetic distance between F1 and its male parent was 0.8551, which was smaller than that between F1 and its female parent (1.7271). The dendrogram of phylogeny revealed that the F1 hybrids was first clustered with its male parent, showing that the hybrid F1 generation got more genetic material from the male parent and had more genetic diversity and higher gene heterozygosity than the parents. The findings provide data support for the genetic diversity of the hybrid progenies of yellow catfish and longsnout catfish and a theoretical basis for the exploration of the genetic relationship between parents and their offsprings after the intergenetic cross breeding.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 226-232 [Abstract] ( 155 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1911 KB)  ( 231 )
233 Effect of Morphological Traits on Body Weight in Clam Paphia schnelliana
WEI Haijun, DENG Zhenghua, CHEN Mingqiang, LI Youning, WANG Yu, SUN Jing, WANG Jijin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19278
Shell length, shell height, shell width, anterior length, posterior length, and body weight were measured and the number of growth lines were recorded in 339 samples of wild clam Paphia schnelliana collected from Beibu Gulf in October 2019, and correlation between morphological trait and body weight was analyzed by correlation analysis, multiple stepwise regression analysis and path analysis in order to explore the effect of morphological traits on body mass. The results showed that the clam had growth lines of 36.4±3.2, with the maximal variation coefficient of body weight, significantly correlated with all the morphological traits, and the maximal correlation coefficient (0.949) with shell height, and the minimal correlation coefficient (0.759) with posterior length, indicating that the body weight had the greatest breeding potential. The stepwise regression analysis revealed that the most important morphological trait affecting the body weight was the shell length, followed by shell height and shell width, and the regression equations of shell length, shell height and shell width on body weight was established (r2=0.965). The path analysis showed that the shell width had the greatest impact on the body weight, followed by the shell height and shell length. The findings indicated that the shell width was selected mainly, and that the synergistic selecting of the shell height was strengthened at the same time selective breeding of body weight in clam P. schnelliana.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 233-238 [Abstract] ( 130 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1196 KB)  ( 251 )
239 Changes of N and P Fluxes in Sediment-Water Surface in Aquaculture Pond during Aestivation of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
WANG Bai, GAO Shan, ZHOU Zunchun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20260
In order to study the fluxes of N and P in sediment-water surface in aquaculture pond, the concentrations of NO2-, NO3-, NH4+ and DIP in sea water of sediment-water surface samples were detected and analyzed, during the aestivation of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus from the June to the October. The results were found that the fluxes of NOx--N in sediment-water surface had a special change of firstly then ascend in the sea cucumber aquaculture pond, from the June to October, the minimum value was -(66.12±7.66) mg/(m2·d) in the August. The fluxes of NH4+-N in sediment-water surface were increased, then decreased and then increased, the maximum value was (6.21±0.55) mg/(m2·d) in the July, the minimum value was -(14.88±1.44) mg/(m2·d) in the September. The fluxes of DIP in sediment-water surface were increased firstly, then decreased, the maximum value was (4.20±0.56) mg/(m2·d) in the August, the minimum value was -(3.48±0.43) mg/(m2·d) in the October. The relevance analysis showed that the DIP fluxes were significantly positively correlated to sea water temperature, and negatively to the DIP concentrations in sea water. The NOx--N fluxes were significantly positively correlated to the concentrations of NOx- in sea water. These results showed that there were the nitrogen sequestration and phosphorus release of the sediment, regulated the content of N and P in water, in aquaculture pond during the aestivation of sea cucumber from the June to the October. The findings would provide scientific basis for the further study of ecological health cultivation and environment control in sea cucumber aquaculture pond.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 239-243 [Abstract] ( 154 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1079 KB)  ( 177 )
244 Effects of Air Exposure Stress on Survival Rate and Response to Oxidative Stress in Ridgetail White Prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda
DENG Gaowei, DUAN Jiancheng, WANG Yu, WANG Linhua, OUYANG Lefei, GAO Huan, LAI Xiaofang, ZHANG Qingqi, YAN Binlun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19228
The objective of present research was to investigate the effects of air exposure stress on survival rate and response to oxidative stress in ridgetail white prawn Exopalaemon carinicauda. The shrimps were grouped to control treatment and four experimental treatments exposed to four challenges: room temperature and air exposure, room temperature and wet, low temperature and air exposure, low temperature and wet. The accumulative survival rates were calculated within 12.0 h, and the antioxidant enzyme activities were measured within 2.5 h under air exposure stress. The results showed that the accumulative survival rates of ridgetail white prawn in the groups were significantly different. At 3.0 h, all individuals in room temperature and air exposure were dead, while the other three test groups (room temperature and wet, low temperature and air exposure, and low temperature and wet) were 6.7%, 38.9% and 40.0% respectively. Moreover, the activities of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the four test groups were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05). In addition, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased initially and then significantly increased at 1.0 and 2.5 h (P<0.05). But, the contents of malonaldehyde (MDA) were significantly increased initially at 1.0 and 2.5 h (P<0.05) and then decreased. These findings indicated that low and wet temperature improved the survival rates of ridgetail white prawn, the response to oxidative stress of ridgetail white prawn were induced by air exposure stress. Activities of CAT, GPx, SOD and MDA were changed significantly, which can be used as indicators for monitoring the health of ridgetail white prawn exposed to air exposure conditions.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 244-249 [Abstract] ( 205 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1746 KB)  ( 373 )
250 Prevention of Parasite Heterobothrium tetrodonis in Infected Tiger Puffer Takifugu rubripes by Formalin
YUAN Zhen, LIU Ying, WU Yumeng, JIANG Jieming, ZHANG Lei, LIU Qi, YE Shigen
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20019
Heterobothrium tetrodonis is one of the most common and important parasites in tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes, which is considered to be extremely harmful to tiger puffer aquaculture. In order to better control the disease of H. tetrodonisis, this study reported the process of hatching, evaluated the killing effect and safety of formalin on tiger puffer, and formed the prevented plan for H. tetrodonis. The results indicated that (1) the parasite incubation was roughly divided into four stages: initial stage of incubation, middle stage of incubation, late stage of incubation, and hatching. Under the conditions of 17—19 ℃, the larvae appeared in 5.5 days, the hatching finished on 8 days; (2) significant differences in formalin tolerance between different sizes of the worm were observed, and 600 mL/m3 formalin bath for 1 h killed all the larvae of H. tetrodonis (body length≤1 cm), but little killed the adult worm (body length＞1 cm); (3) exposuring to 600 mL/m3 of formalin medicated bath, swimming abnormal and expiratory dyspnea of tiger puffer juveniles were observed to be existed after 5 h medicated bath, the time of death of tiger puffer juveniles occurred after 6 h medicated bath. In summary, our results suggested that disease treatment of H. tetrodonis be around 600 mL/m3 formalin medicated bath for 1 h, and then once again after 8 days.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 250-254 [Abstract] ( 126 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1327 KB)  ( 191 )
255 Observation of Microscopic and Submicroscopic Structures of Kidney in Yellow River Common Carp Cyprinus carpio
FAN Mingming, SONG Yuzhen, WU Yuchen, LYU Yujin, ZHANG Li, NIE Dan, LIU Zhonghu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19276
Anatomy and histology of the kidney of Yellow River common carp Cyprinus carpio were studied by light and electron microscopy. The results showed that the Yellow River common carp had kidney including head kidney, which was primarily composed of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue without nephron in the renal parenchyma, and mesonephros, in which there were renal corpuscle, renal tubules and lymphoid tissue. Melanin macrophages and thyroid follicles were observed in the kidney, and the renal corpuscle was composed of Bowman′s capsule and capillary network; the renal tubules were composed of the neck, the first and second proximal convoluted tubules, intermediate, distal tubules and collecting tubes. The lymphoid tissue were consisted of blood vessels, lymphatic cells, red blood cells, granulocytes and melanin macrophages, and thyroid follicles. The findings indicated that head kidney was degraded to immune organs combined with hematopoietic function, and that the mesonephros was the main urinary organs, Yellow River carp being in the middle position in the evolution of bony fish.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 255-260 [Abstract] ( 158 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5429 KB)  ( 157 )
261 Effects of Stocking Density on Growth, Digestive Enzyme and Immune Enzyme Activities of Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii
FAN Wenhao, FANG Liu, ZHOU Jin, RUAN Guoliang , GUO Xiaoze, ZHENG Weiyou
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19203
Juvenile red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii with body weight of (3.11±0.10) g was reared in a 120 cm×60 cm×20 cm aquarium at stocking density of 14 individuals/m2 (group L), 28 individuals/m2 (group M), and 42 individuals/m2 (group H) at water temperature of (25±1) ℃ for 8 weeks in order to investigate the effects of different stocking densities on the growth, feeding, digestive enzyme activity and non-specific immunity of juvenile red swamp crayfish. The survival rate of the crayfish was found to be decreased with the increase in stocking density. There were significantly higher specific growth rate (1.82±0.12)%/d and body weight gain rate (196.73±0.76)% in group M than those in the other two groups (P＜0.05). The positive correlation between feeding rate and stocking density was observed in each group, higher feeding intake rate in group H than that in group L and group M. There were significantly higher activities of digestive enzymes in group M than those in group L (P＜0.05), without significantly different from those in group H (P＞0.05). The non-specific immunity of the crayfish was significantly affected by stoking density (P＜0.05), significantly better in group M than that in the other two groups. The findings indicate that the optimal stocking density is 28 individuals/m2 in juvenile red swamp crayfish culture under the experimental conditions.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 261-266 [Abstract] ( 177 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (976 KB)  ( 142 )
267 Rapid Detection of Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) by Recombinase Polymerase Amplification
YIN Weili, WU Wei, LIU Xiaojing, MA Xiaoling, HAN Wei, WU Ningning, CHEN Yanping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19235
A rapid detection of Decapod iridescent virus 1 (DIV1) was established based on the recombinase polymerase amplification technology(RPA)using primers designed according to ATPase gene (ORF114R), with the optimal amplification temperature of the RPA method established in this study at 30 ℃, and completing within 20 min. The specificity test results indicated that there was no cross-reaction between the RPA method established in this study and the other shrimp virus infection. The sensitivity test revealed that the detection limit of this method was 7 copies/μL, more sensitive than the nested-PCR method. Moreover, a total of 509 clinical samples were detected by the RPA method and the PCR method, respectively. The results showed that the RPA method effectively detected the weakly positive samples from the PCR method, which was used in clinical detection. The findings indicated that the RPA method in this study was featured by fast, simple, specific and sensitive for local laboratory and on-site inspection application.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 267-272 [Abstract] ( 161 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1057 KB)  ( 326 )
273 Effect of Dietary β-Glucan on Survival and Growth of Juvenile Brown Trout Salmo trutta
WANG Wanliang, MU Zhenbo, ZHOU Jianshe, WANG Qielu, CHEN Meiqun, ZHANG Chi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20055
Juvenile brown salmon Salmo trutta with body weight of (1.07±0.3) g was reared in a circulating water system of 100 cm×100 cm×60 cm circular glass tanks with water depth of about 40 cm at stocking density of 159 ind./m3 at water temperature of 13—14 ℃, and fed diets containing 0% (control group), 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% of β-glucan for 60 d in order to study the effect of β-glucan on the survival and growth of juvenile brown salmon. The results showed that the brown salmon fed the diet containing 0.5% β-glucan had the maximal weight gain rate, significantly higher than the fish in other groups (P<0.05), and the maximal growth rate in body length, significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05), except for the fish in 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5% groups, though without significant differences in the survival rate (100%) of juvenile salmon among the different groups (P>0.05). The brown salmon fed the diet containing 0% β-glucan had the minimal growth rate in body length. There was the maximal specific growth rate in juvenile brown salmon in 0.5% group, significantly higher than that in other groups did (P<0.05), and the minimal specific growth rate in juvenile brown salmon in control group. The hepato-somatic index was found to be decreased with increase in dietary β-glucan contents, with the maximal hepato-somatic index in the control group, significantly higher than that in other groups (P<0.05), except for the 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.5% and 1.0% groups. The brown salmon fed the diet containing 0.1% β-glucan had the maximal food ingestion, and the brown salmon fed the diet containing 0% β-glucan had the minimal food ingestion, reduction in food ingestion with increase in dietary β-glucan without significant difference among the groups. There was the maximal food conversion rate in the brown salmon in 0.5% group, without significant difference from that in 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% groups, and significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). The activities of intestinal lipase, trypsin and amylase were increased first and then decreased with the increase in dietary β-glucan content, indicating that β-glucan led to increase the activities of intestinal digestive enzymes. In conclusion, higher survival and better growth was observed in the brown salmon in 0.5% dietary β-glucan group.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 273-278 [Abstract] ( 170 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (976 KB)  ( 116 )
279 Relationship between Otolith Weight and Age in Amur Ide Leuciscus waleckii in Dali Lake
XU Juchen, DUAN Youjian, LUO Xiaonian, CAI Zhonglu, HE Yu, LIU Xuan, LIU Jiacheng, HAN Muxuan, SUN Lixiao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19220
Four hundred and four samples of Amur ide Leuciscus waleckii were collected in Dali Lake, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, from May 2017 to January 2018, and the micro-otoliths were removed for cleaning, drying, and weighing, and then fixed on the glass slide and polished for age determination. Four regression equations including straight line, power function, exponential function and polynomial were used to fit the relationship between otolith weight and body length and age. The functional equation between otolith weight (mO) and age (A) was expressed as mO=－0.0445A2 +1.9601 A－1.3978 (r2=0.8772). The fitting equation and the statistical chart of otolith weight and body length of each age group proves that the otolith weight can be used to identify age of Amur ide and has certain advantages. The comparison of the age estimated by the weight of otolith with the reading age of otolith rings reveals that the otolith weight of Amur ide is directly applied to deduce age, with features of rapid, simple and stable for age determination.
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 279-284 [Abstract] ( 181 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1305 KB)  ( 241 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
285 Detection Methods of Environmental Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Fishery Products: Research Progress
HUANG Hetian, YANG Hongbo, SUN Xiaohong, GUO Feng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19242
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 285-293 [Abstract] ( 196 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1029 KB)  ( 334 )
294 A Review: Research Progress on Genetic Transformation in Green Alga Chlorella
CAO Sushan, XUE Jing, WANG Qiannan, ZHANG Xiuhai, AN Xianhui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19183
2021 Vol. 40 (2): 294-300 [Abstract] ( 279 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1000 KB)  ( 212 )
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