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Information
月刊，1984年创刊
主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主 办：包头医学院
主 编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292
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2022 Vol. 41, No. 1
Published: 2022-01-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
Research and Application
1
Interaction Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Survival and Growth of Juvenile Scallop “Bohai Red”
ZHANG Yuan, ZHU Zhanhao, YAO Gaoyou, SU Xiaoying, LIU Xiaokun , LIUFU Shaomei, FANG Jiaxi, CHEN Nansheng, WANG Chunde, LIU Zhigang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20161
The central composite experimental design and response surface analysis were used to study the combined effect of temperature (16—28 ℃) and salinity (22—34) on survival and growth of juvenile scallop “Bohai Red”. The results showed that the linear and quadratic effects of temperature and quadratic effects of salinity on juvenile survival rate, and the growth rates of shell length and body weight were very significant (
P
<0.01). The liner effects of salinity, the interaction effect of temperature and salinity on juvenile survival rate were significant (
P
<0.05), without significant on the growth rates of shell length and body weight of juveniles (
P
>0.05). By response surface analysis, a model equation was established for the relationship of juvenile survival rate, the growth rates of shell length and body weight to the two factors, with
r
2
of 0.9696, 0.9969 and 0.9966, correlation coefficients of 0.9391, 0.9938 and 0.9932 and prediction coefficients of 0.7622, 0.9726 and 0.9662, respectively. The three models had a good fit, which was used to predict the survival rate, the growth rates of shell length and body weight of juveniles of scallop "Bohai Red". After software optimization, the suitable model under the combined influence of temperature and salinity was obtained. The best results of the growth rates of shell length and body weight were observed temperature of 22.65 ℃, and salinity of 28.51, with survival rate of 95.33%, and the shell length growth rate of 197.50 μm/d, the body weight growth rate of 21.58 mg/d and reliability of 0.975.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 1-10 [
Abstract
] (
355
)
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11
Community Structure of Eggs and Larvae off the Coast of Tianjin Based on Generalized Additive Model (GAM)
ZHANG Ying, ZHANG Shulin, ZHANG Dajuan, YAO Dongmei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20172
A monthly survey was conducted in Tianjin coastal waters from April to November in 2018 and 2019 by using large-scale plankton network, and the species composition, dominant species, community structure and abundance distribution of eggs and larvae were analyzed in Tianjin coastal waters. The results showed that 10 species of egg were detected in 2018, belonging to 4 orders and 9 families, 9 species of larvae belonging to 5 orders and 8 families, and 9 species of egg in 2019, belonging to 4 orders and 8 families, and 8 species of larvae belonging to 5 orders and 7 families. There were 3 dominant species of egg in 2018 and 2019, the common dominant species were in Clupeidae; 3 and 2 dominant species of larvae in 2018 and 2019, respectively, with the common dominant species of
Thryssa kammilensis
and
Salanx ariakensis
. The total average abundance of egg and larvae was 0.418 ind/m
3
and 0.205 ind/m
3
in 2018, and 0.961 ind/m
3
and 0.240 ind/m
3
in 2019. There was no significant difference in abundance of larvae between years, which was greatly affected by seasonal and spatial changes. The generalized additive model (GAM) analysis revealed that temperature, redox potential and pH were the main factors influencing on abundance of egg and larvae (
P
<0.001). The findings is expected to provide a systematic reference for the investigation of fishery resources to supplement the egg and larvae in the coastal waters of Tianjin.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 11-22 [
Abstract
] (
159
)
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23
Molecular Cloning, Identification and Expression Analysis of Progesterone Receptor Gene in Spotted Scat
Scatophagus argus
SHI Hongjuan, HUANG Jianxuan, ZHU Chenyang, WU Jiagang, HE Feixiang, JIANG Dongneng, HUANG Yang, ZHU Chunhua, LI Guangli
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20084
Progesterone receptor (Pgr) encoded by Nr3c3 belongs to the subfamily 3 group C of nuclear receptors. Progesterone was bind to its special target receptor Pgr to regulation its roles in production in vertebrates. In this study, progesterone receptor gene (pgr gene) of spotted scat
Scatophagus argus
was cloned. The RT-PCR and Real-time PCR were performed to explored the tissues distribution and expression of pgr mRNA in gonads at different stages, respectively. Comparison of pgr homology using Megalign software and construction of the phylogenetic tree using MEGA 7.0.4 software was performed in spotted scat. The pgr cDNA was identified and cloned. It was found that open reading frame (ORF) of pgr was 2016 bp, encoded 671 amino acids. Homologous sequence alignment analysis showed that pgr in large yellow croaker
Larimichthys crocea
displayed the higher similarity to that in spotted scat compared to other fish. RT-PCR analysis showed that pgr RNA was expressed in all tissues, with high expression in gonad and pituitary in which pgr mRNA expression was significantly up-regulated by exogenous E2 (17β-Estrodiol). Furthermore, the expression of gonadal pgr mRNA was higher at maturation stage than in other developmental stage, which indicates that pgr plays an important role in regulation of the production of the matured eggs and sperm.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 23-34 [
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191
)
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35
Stability of Reference Genes in Different Tissues of Triploid Rainbow Trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
by Quantitative Real-Time PCR
SU Xiaoyan, HAN Buying, MENG Yuqiong, BAI Xiaoyi, LI Changzhong, MA Rui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20174
Five candidate internal reference genes including gapdh (glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase), ribosomal protein genes 2(rplp2), elongation factors1-α(ef1-α), beta-actin (β-actin), and 18S ribosomal RNA(18S rRNA) were comparatively expressed in brain, eyes, gills, skin, heart, kidney (head kidney, mid-kidney, and metanephros), liver, spleen, stomach, pyloric caeca, intestine (foregut, midgut, and hindgut) and muscle (red muscle, white muscle, and intermuscular compartment) of triploid rainbow trout
Oncorhynchus mykiss
with body weight of about 800 g by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) method to screen stable reference genes in different tissues of triploid rainbow trout. The expression stability of the 5 candidate internal reference genes were analyzed by comparing the cycle threshold (
C
t
value) of the internal reference gene expression, and by three softwares including GeNorm, Best-Keeper, and NormFinder. The GeNorm analysis showed that the descending order of the M value was described as β-actin=rplp2<ef1-α<18S rRNA<gapdh<β-actin, with the minimum
M
value (1.42) of rplp2 genes. The Best-Keeper analysis revealed that the descending order of the standard deviation (SD) values was expressed as rplp2<ef1-α<β-actin<18S rRNA<gapdh and the coefficient of variation (CV) as rplp2<ef1-α<β-actin <gapdh < 18S rRNA, with the standard deviation (0.92) and coefficient of variation (3.94%) in rplp2 gene. The NormFinder analysis showed that the descending order of the average stable expression value of the five candidate reference genes were listed as rplp2=β-actin<ef1-α<18S rRNA<gapdh, β-actin, with the minimal stable value (0.66) in rplp2 genes. In conclusion, rplp2 and β-actin genes had the maximal expressional stability in different tissues of triploid rainbow trout, and can be used as reference gene for qRT-PCR.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 35-43 [
Abstract
] (
149
)
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44
Characteristics Changes in Activity and Taste Properties in Yesso Scallop
Patinopecten yessoensis
: from Waterless Transportation to Wet Storage Selling
YAN Lixin, TIAN Yuanyong, JIANG Minghui, LIU Junrong, XU Tanye
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20207
In order to reduce the water transportation cost and flavor loss of Yesso scallop
Patinopecten yessoensis
, the feasibility of “waterless transportation-wet storage selling”was explored. The changes in the scallop activity were analyzed by using glycogen, arginine phosphate, and adenosine triphosphate(ATP) related compounds and adenylate energy charge(AEC)value. The changes in taste properties in supply chain process were evaluated by taste activity compound content, taste activity value(TAV) and sensory method. The results showed that after 24 hours of air exposure transportation, glycogen, arginine phosphate and AEC values were decreased significantly from 49.86 mg/g, 8.65 μmol/g, and 90.67% to 37.68 mg/g, 6.26 μmol/g, and 89.28%(
P
<0.05), and ATP content did not change significantly (
P
>0.05). During the process of reimmersion in artificial seawater, the contents of glycogen, ATP and arginine phosphate all were returned to their initial values, while the AEC value was decreased to 89.37% in the later stage of recovery, still higher than 75%. After 24 hours of waterless transportation, contents of glycine, alanine and arginine in the taste properties compounds were increased significantly from the initial 12.83 mg/g, 0.64 mg/g, and 6.13 mg/g to 13.47 mg/g, 0.94 mg/g, and 7.31 mg/g (
P
<0.05), but the glutamic acid content did not change significantly (
P
>0.05). Finally, principal component analysis of sensory evaluation showed that there was no significant difference in scallop quality during supply chain (
P
>0.05). Therefore, the good quality of scallop can be maintained through the mode of “waterless transportation 1 d-wet storage selling 2 d”.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 44-51 [
Abstract
] (
136
)
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52
Diurnal Variation and Influence Factors of Chlorophyll-a in Changjiang River Estuary in Summer of 2017
SONG Xuanli, XU Yongjiu, YU Cungen, ZHANG Hongliang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20158
According to the 24 h continuous survey of environmental and water profiles in the two stations near the mouth of Changjiang River estuary (CRE) in summer of 2017, the diurnal variations in temperature, salinity, chlorophyll-a(Chla) and nutrient were obtained from conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) and water samples. Base on the correlation analysis, the influence of environmental factors on Chla short-time dynamics were analyzed in surface and bottom layers, respectively. The multiple regression analysis was used to construct models between Chla level and environmental and biological factors. The results showed that the short-term diurnal time series of surface Chla were strongly affected by the Changjiang River Discharge, with the afternoon highest value period (1.0—7.0 mg/m
3
), much lower (0.2—1.0 mg/m
3
) bottom Chla, significantly affected by tidal process (periodically), as well as waters from Taiwan Warm Current. The Chla time series in two stations were not significant difference in each layers (
P
＞0.05). Multiple regression analysis revealed that surface nutrients brought by CRE discharge were abundant to supply the phytoplankton growth, and were the main controlling factors for the Chla short-time dynamics. While zooplankton was not the main factor for Chla variation. The bottom Chla variation was significantly influenced by combination of bottom tidal process, Taiwan Warm Current and zooplankton predation (
P
＜0.05). The salinity and nutrients (Si∶N and N∶P) brought periodically by tidal process were contributed significantly to bottom Chla diurnal variations.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 52-61 [
Abstract
] (
178
)
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62
Effect of Cu
2+
on Antioxidant Capacity of Red Shell Color Breeding Line and Natural Population of Hard Clam
Meretrix meretrix
TIAN Zhen, ZHANG Zhidong, CHEN Aihua, WU Yangping, CHEN Suhua, ZHANG Yu, CAO Yi, LI Qiujie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20145
Cu
2+
as one of the main pollutants of heavy metal pollution in the ocean is characterized by wide source, easy residue, and easy enrichment of food chain, which constitutes a potential ecological crisis and economic crisis for the cultivation of marine shellfish. In order to understand the tolerance of natural populations
Meretrix meretrix
and red shell color breeding lines of hard cham to different concentrations of Cu
2+
, the effects of different concentrations of Cu
2+
on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the relative expression of Cu/Zn-SOD gene in hard clam were studied. The results showed: (1) at the same concentration of Cu
2+
, the survival rate of red shell color breeding line hard clam was found to be slightly higher than that of natural population, without significant difference (
P
>0.05). (2) The changes in SOD and CAT enzyme activities of hard clam under different concentrations of Cu
2+
showed the corresponding time effect relationship and concentration effect relationship, and the SOD enzyme activity of hard clam showed a linear upward trend, while CAT activity showed a first trend, with significant difference between red shell color breeding line and natural population (
P
<0.05). (3) The expression of Cu/Zn-SOD gene was consistent with the expression of SOD enzyme activity. With the linear expression of Cu
2+
concentration, the maximal relative expression of gene was observed at Cu
2+
concentration of 0.4 mg/L. (4) The antioxidant activity of red shell color breeding line hard clam was better than that of natural population. The purpose of this study is to lay a theoretical foundation for the selection of stress resistance and the development of new species of hard clam.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 62-68 [
Abstract
] (
139
)
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69
Isolation, Identification and Polyclonal Antibody Preparation of
Aeromonas hydrophila
in Large Yellow Croaker
Larimichthys crocea
HE Liangyin, ZHOU Fengfang, SHI Xiaoli, HUANG Weiqing, RUAN Junfeng, TIAN Wenzhen, LI Jinshou
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20156
A dominant bacterial strain NDLc-P was isolated from the liver of diseased large yellow croaker
Larimichthys crocea
in Ningde, Fujian Province. An artificial infection with the isolates caused the similar symptom in the fish, with 50% lethal concentration of 3.98×10
7
cfu/mL within 7 d trial. Physiological and biochemical tests by commercially produced kit systems (bioMerieux) revealed that strain NDLc-P was identified as
Aeromonas hydrophila.
Then, the 16S rDNA sequence analysis showed that the bacterium had a 99.87% identify with
A. hydrophila
. The phylogenetic analysis also showed that the NDLc-P isolate was clustered most clearly with
A. hydrophila
. Furthermore, healthy mice were immunized with formalin inactivated strain NDLc-P, and the ELISA showed that the titer of antisera was determined to be 40 000. These findings provided a reference for research on pathogenic characteristics, diagnosis and prevention and treatment of large yellow croaker disease caused by
A. hydrophila
.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 69-75 [
Abstract
] (
141
)
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149
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76
Comparison of Nutritional Composition of Five Species of Aquatic Plants in Freshwater Prawn and Crab Culture Ponds
SHI Jinzhao, JIANG Xiaodong, WU Renfu, ZHANG Jinbiao, CHENG Yongxu, WU Xugan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20127
Contents of proximate composition, total carotenoids, fatty acids, and amino acids were compared in five species of aquatic plants,
Potamogeton maackianus
,
P. pusillus
,
P. crispus
,
Alternanthera philoxeroides
and
Myriophyllum spicatum
in prawn and crab culture ponds. Besides, combined with the growth characteristics of five species of aquatic plants and their inhibition of sediment resuspension, the application value of these five species of aquatic plants in freshwater prawn and crab culture was comprehensively evaluated. The results showed that: (1) the moisture of
P. crispus
was significantly higher than that of the other four species plants, the crud protein and crude lipid contents of
P. maackianus
,
P. pusillus
and
A. philoxeroides
were significantly higher than
M. spicatum
and
P. crispus
. Besides, the total sugar and total carotenoids contents of
P. maackianus
and
A. philoxeroides
were also significantly higher than
P. pusillus
,
P. crispus
and
M. spicatum
; (2) the contents of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were significantly higher in
P. maackianus
and
P. crispus
than those in
P. pusillus
,
A. philoxeroides
and
M. spicatum
, while the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were significantly higher in
A. philoxeroides
and
M. spicatum
than
P.maackianus, P. pusillus
and
P. crispus
(
P
＜0.05); (3) the total essential amino acids (EAA), total non-essential amino acids (NEAA) and total amino acids (TAA) were significantly higher in
P. maackianus
and
P. pusillus
than those in
P. crispus
and the
M. spicatum
. Besides, the maximal EAA/TAA value was observed in
P. pusillus
and the minimal EAA/TAA value in
M. spicatum
. In summary, the nutritional quality of different aquatic plants in this study are different and there are certain complementarities, and the choice of aquatic plants should be based on its nutritional quality, prawn and crab preferences and environmental factors.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 76-84 [
Abstract
] (
212
)
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85
Effects of Different Dietary Ingredients on Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Red Giant Sea Cucumber
YU Yu, LI Bing, GUO Guangxin, REN Yichao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20110
Effects of three dietary ingredients (i.e. kelp
Laminaria japonica
powder,
Sargassum thunbergii
powder and commercial feed for sea cucumber
Apostichopus japonicas
) on growth rate and fatty acid (FA) of giant red sea cucumber
Parastichopus californicu
were evaluated, to screen the optimal diet ingredients for giant red sea cucumber. The results showed that FA compositions in giant red sea cucumber were significantly different among three dietary groups (
P
<0.05). The contents of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) groups in giant red sea cucumber were positively correlated with dietary contents of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-6, indicating that giant red sea cucumber had the ability to biosynthesize long chain n-6 and n-3 PUFAs. Giant red sea cucumber fed kelp displayed the highest growth rate and PUFA content among three dietary groups (
P
<0.05). However, giant red sea cucumber fed commercial feed showed the highest n-3 fatty acid content and n-3 PUFAs/n-6 PUFAs (
P
<0.05). From the aspect of specific growth rate and fatty acid composition, kelp is more suitable than
S. thunbergii
to feed giant red sea cucumber. In conclusion, the mixed feed containing kelp and higher n-3 fatty acid is supposed to provide more balanced nutrition for giant red sea cucumber.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 85-91 [
Abstract
] (
156
)
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134
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92
Situations of Fish Stocks in Weigan River in Xinjiang
HAN Junjun, CHEN Peng, QI Feng, FENG Yonghui, Adili, HU Jiangwei, ZHANG Yu, CAI Lingang, ZHANG Renming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20159
Fish stocks were surveyed in 5 sampling sites in the upper, middle and lower reaches of Weigan River (N 41°06′—42°42′, E 80°40′—84°10′), one of the nine major water systems in the Tarim River Basin in the middle section of the southern foot of Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang in May, August and November 2019, using single-layer gillnets (mesh size of 1 cm, 2 cm and 3 cm, net length of 20 m, 30 m and 40 m) and traps ( opening 40 cm×40 cm, 8 m in length). A total of 1864 fish samples weighing 47 869.05 g were collected during the investigation, and a total of 19 species were identified, belonging to 15 genera, 6 families and 3 orders, including 8 native fish species (1 order, 4 genera, and 5 species in Cyprinidae) and 11 exotic species in 11 genera and 3 orders, including 6 genera and 6 species in Cyprinidae, and 1 genera and 1 species in each of Loachidae, Perchidae, Channaidae, Gobyidae and Catfish family. The most fish species (17 species) were caught in August, with the maximal species (38.14%) and weight (64.12%) in May, and with dominant species of
Diptychus maculatus, Hemiculter leuciclus, Perca fluviatilis
and
Pseudorasbora parva.
A few fish species, and low community diversity were observed in the upstream, and compared with the historic data,
S. esocinus
and
S. barbatus
were not found, with low capture of other native fishes and high capture of exotic fishes. The cluster analysis revealed that fish species(4 dominant and 8 common species) in the 5 sampling sites were divided into two categories. The ANOSIM analysis showed that there were no significant differences between sample sites (
P>
0.05), and the fish species (
P<
0.05). Exotic fish invasions and hydraulic engineering were the key factors impacting fish assemble in Weigan River.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 92-101 [
Abstract
] (
215
)
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(2939 KB) (
242
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102
Isolation, Identification and Related Characteristics Analysis of Pathogen Isolated from Red Swamp Crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
with Tail-Rotted Disease
LIU Zhanghuai, WU Ting, WANG Jiajun, ZHU Chunyan, ZHANG Yingying, MENG Qingguo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20151
The purpose of this experiment was to study the species and related characteristics of pathogen which caused tail-rotted disease of red swamp crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
. Two representative bacterial strains with different colony morphologies and colors were isolated from infectious location of diseased red swamp crayfish, and known as LW2047-1 and LW2047-2. The pathogen bacteria were confirmed as strain LW2047-2 by artificial infection test. We observed strain LW2047-2 with bacteriological methods and analyzed that by morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics. Finally, strain LW2047-2 was identified as
Citrobacter freundii
when 16S rRNA and gyrB gene were sequenced and analyzed. CFA gene and chi gene were detected for analysis of adhesion and chitin decomposition characteristics. Results of antimicrobial sensitivity test showed that strain LW2047-2 was sensitive to enrofloxacin and neomycin sulfate and insensitive to sulfa drugs.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 102-109 [
Abstract
] (
136
)
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(1 KB)
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(2016 KB) (
214
)
110
Transcriptome Analysis of Transparent Skin in Grass Goldfish
Carassius auratus
LIU Xiaolian, LI Chunyan, BAI Xiaohui, HAO Shuang, LIU Guoshan, LIU Keming, MA Lin, JIANG Jufeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20185
Two libraries of transparent group and normal group were constructed and sequenced in grass goldfish
Carassius auratus
with body length of (45.00±5.42) mm by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology to explore the functional genes related to transparent trait of grass goldfish. A total of 309 364 078 clean reads were generated from six skin tissues, and assembled into 72 083 unigenes with an average length of 1321 bp. DESeq analysis identified 181 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two groups, among which 66 genes were up-regulated and 115 genes were down-regulated. Gene ontology functional enrichment analysis showed that DEGs were mostly involved in microtubule, microtubule cytoskeleton organization, intermediate filament, myosin complex, protein binding, guanyl ribonucleotide binding, pigmentation, and pigment granule transport. KEGG pathway analysis revealed that DEGs were mainly distributed in MAPK signaling pathway, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, purine metabolism, and protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, 38 775 microsatellite loci were screened out from 72 083 unigenes with the highest frequency of mono-nucleotide repeats (53.95%) and followed by di-nucleotide repeats (24.45%). The finding provides basic information for exploring new genes related to transparent trait and their functional analysis of grass goldfish
C. auratus
.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 110-115 [
Abstract
] (
152
)
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123
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116
Changes in Calcium Content, Histological Structure and Expression of Calreticulin Gene of Chinese Mitten Crab
Eriocheir sinensis
during Molting Cycle
YANG Hang, YANG Zhigang, ZHANG Long
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20100
In this study, calcium ion contents in hepatopancreas and gill of Chinese mitten crab
Eriocheir sinensis
with average body weight of (5.63±2.35) g were determined during molting cycle including the molting stage (within 0.5 h after the old shell molting) and the late molting stage (0.5 h after the old shell molting until the new shell was incompletely hardened) by biochemical analysis. The structure changes in hepatopancreas and gill were histologically observed during the molting cycle by paraffin section and HE staining, and the expression of calreticulin (CRT) gene was analyzed in hepatopancreas and gill by fluorescence quantitative PCR. The results showed that there was higher calcium content in hepatopancreas in the postmolt, while lower in gill during the ecdysis and postmolt. The histological observation showed that the cell contents in hepatopancreas were changed obviously during the molting cycle. In the gill, the cavity structure of marginal vessel was not recovered at the edge of the gill lamellae. The fluorescence quantitative analysis showed that the expression levels of calreticulin gene was decreased in hepatopancreas and gill from the intermolt to premolt (minimum) and increased from the premolt to postmolt. In the ecdysis, the minimal expression level was observed in the hepatopancreas and gill, which provided a theoretical basis for the study of molting and calcium transport of Chinese mitten crab.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 116-121 [
Abstract
] (
197
)
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(1 KB)
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155
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122
Effects of Ammonia Nitrogen Concentration and Substrate Selection on Ammonia Nitrogen Purification by Nitrifying Bacteria
MU Xianxin, MIAO Dexia, SUN Danni, ZHANG Wenping, YAN Mi, CHEN Huijuan, ZHU Ming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20111
The attachments made of six materials of equal area including ceramsite, polyvinyl chloride, fiber, volcanic rock, non-woven fabric or fluidized bed with test nitrifying bacterium—
Pseudomonas oleovorans
X14-1-1 was put in a 1 L aerated bottle, mixed and cultured on a shaker at 36 °C and 130 r/min for 48 h to screen the optimal attachment of X14-1-1 by elution counting the number of bacteria attached. In the simulated ammonia nitrogen removal test, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen (NH
4
+
-N) was determined in the 1 L aerated bottle incubators with initial ammonia nitrogen concentration of 0 (no ammonium sulfate), 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg/L, with 3 replicates, under the conditions of 20 °C, oxygenation for 1 L/h and light intensity of 5000 lx (photoperod 12L∶12D) on day 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 to evaluate the nitrification efficiency. It was found that fibers and non-woven fabrics were the optimal attachment of nitrifying bacteria, and polyvinyl chloride was the most suitable attachment for ammonia nitrogen removal. In polyvinyl chloride material, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was shown to be 87%, 86%, 86%, 82%, 88%, 75% at the concentration of ammonia nitrogen of 10 mg/L, 20 mg/L, 30 mg/L, 40 mg/L, 50 mg/L and 60 mg/L, respectively. The ammonia nitrogen was effectively and rapidly degraded at the initial ammonia nitrogen (NH
4
+
-N) concentration of 50 mg/L. The strain
P. oleovorans
X14-1-1 had important application value in water quality regulation and water treatment in mariculture environment.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 122-129 [
Abstract
] (
116
)
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261
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130
Effect of Greenhouse and Broodstock Size on Breeding Performance of Red Swamp Crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
SONG Guangtong, JIANG He, WANG Fen, JIANG Yelin, CHEN Zhu, WANG Jiajia, WU Cangcang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20087
The influences of greenhouse and large-size, middle-size, and small-size on propagation performance of red swamp crayfish
Procambarus clarkii
were investigated using the method of control and comparative test for eight months. The results showed that the mean water temperature of was more 3.44 ℃ in the plastic greenhouse than outdoor during the coldest season in winter every year (from late December to mid-January), and the temperature was above 5 ℃ in the pond water in the greenhouse. The difference was not significant in the average culture density of the postlarvae between inside and outside the plastic greenhouse (
P
＞0.05), the crayfish size was 1.46 times in inside than that in outside the plastic greenhouse. The middle-size broodstock was significantly larger than the small broodstock (
P
<0.01). The average culture density of postlarvae was significantly higher in middle-size broodstock than that in large-size broodstock (
P
<0.01). Small size crayfish had significantly increase in the recovery rate of parents after spawning. By observation, in January in the winter, the seedling rate of crayfish with eggs reached 80%. This findings indicate that the greenhouse facilities increase in the water temperature in winter, promoting the growth of crayfish seedlings, improving the size of crayfish. With the suitable broodstock body weight of 25—35 g, the findings can provide reference for selection of broodstock and early propagation of red swamp crayfish.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 130-136 [
Abstract
] (
135
)
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(1 KB)
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(2036 KB) (
127
)
137
Community Structure and Relationship of Phytoplankton with Environmental Factors in Lang Tso Lake in Xizang in Summer
TASHI Lhamo, CHEN Meiqun, MU Zhenbo, YANG Xinlan, XU Kede, WANG Wanliang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20148
The community structure of phytoplankton was surveyed in five samples collected at five sites at the inlet and outlet, and inner side of the island on the west side in Lang Tso Lake in Xizang (E 87°23′5.46″, N 29°12′33.45″), in July 2017. The results showed that there were 3 phyla and 12 species (genera) of phytoplankton, with density varying from 1.935×10
4
to 51.558×10
4
ind/L, average density of 17.188×10
4
ind/L, and biomass changing from 0.003 mg/L to 0.249 mg/L, average biomass of 0.099 mg/L. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that the phytoplankton in the lake was mainly affected by water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen level and redox potential. The plankton comprehensive evaluation showed that Lang Tso Lake was a nutrient poor water body, which was in line with the type of plateau lake featured by high altitude, poor water body, high alkalinity and poor phytoplankton biomass. The findings provide basic data for the protection and scientific exploitation of the diversity of aquatic life in the waters, and fill the gap in the study of the structure of plankton communities in Lang Tso Lake in Xizang.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 137-142 [
Abstract
] (
129
)
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212
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143
Effects of Acute Ammonia Stress on Tissue Structure of Main Organs of Chinese Striped-Necked Turtle
Mauremys sinensis
HUANG Zubin, LIANG Lingyue, LI Weihao, LI Na, DING Li, HONG Meiling
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20173
In order to explore the effects of acute ammonia nitrogen stress on the tissue structure of main organs, one-year-old Chinese striped-necked turtle
Mauremys sinensis
with average body weight of (218.26±12.65) g was treated with 200 mg/L total ammonia nitrogen for 24 h, 48 h and removal of ammonia nitrogen for 48 h. The effects of ammonia nitrogen stress on the tissue structure of brain, liver, heart, spleen and kidney were studied by H·E staining.The results showed that there were broadening and loosening interstitium, deviation of neuronal nucleus, degeneration and necrosis of neurons after ammonia nitrogen stress, and the phenomenon of neuronal swelling and nuclear deviation was found to be decreased after 48 hours of recovery. Pathological phenomena such as hepatocyte swelling, granular degeneration, vesicular degeneration and necrosis were found in the liver, and the hepatic sinusoid shrunk or even disappeared. After 48 hours of recovery, the hepatocyte swelling was decreased and the hepatic sinusoid basically returned to the pre-stress level. However, the phenomena of hepatocyte granule degeneration and vesicular degeneration still existed; cardiac interstitial vascular congestion, the myocardial intercellular space shrinked to the pre-stress level 48 hours after recovery, and the phenomenon of hyperemia disappeared. Renal tubular epithelial cells had granular degeneration, some cells fell off from the basement membrane, cell membrane ruptured, glomerular volume increased, capillary network dilated, nuclear pyknosis or even dissolution disappeared, and inflammatory cells infiltrated in the interstitium. Inflammatory cells basically disappeared after 48 hours of recovery, but pathological phenomena such as irregular lumen of renal tubules and granular degeneration still existed. The white pulp area of the spleen enlarged, and the white marrow and red marrow tended to the normal level after 48 hours of recovery. It was found that acute ammonia nitrogen stress caused varying degrees of damage to the brain, liver, heart and kidney of Chinese striped-necked turtles, and 48 hours of recovery was not enough for Chinese striped-necked turtle to fully recover under stress, in which the recovery ability of heart was better, the recovery ability of brain, liver and kidney was relatively poor, and the proliferation of immune cells in spleen indicated that the body initiated immune defense mechanism after stress to enhance the immune ability of the body.The findings expounded the effect of ammonia nitrogen stress on Chinese striped-necked turtles from the point of view of pathology, which provided a theoretical basis for the healthy culture of turtles.
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 143-149 [
Abstract
] (
167
)
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(1 KB)
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(6626 KB) (
275
)
Overview and Specific Topic
150
Research Progress of Parasitic Diseases in Cultured Large Yellow Croaker
Larimichthys crocea
: a Review
TANG Jiajia, JIANG Biao, LI Zhicheng, LI Shiyu, LI Anxing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20150
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 150-159 [
Abstract
] (
223
)
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(1 KB)
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(5265 KB) (
537
)
160
A Review of Bibliometric Analysis of Feeding Habits on DNA-Based Molecular Dietary Research
ZHANG Yuyang, DONG Jianyu, SUN Xin, ZHANG Xiumei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20163
2022 Vol. 41 (1): 160-172 [
Abstract
] (
162
)
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(1 KB)
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(2933 KB) (
227
)
