汉江支流堵河梯级水库马口鱼年龄与生长研究

doi:10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21134

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摘要 2018年6月—2019年5月,使用3层流刺网、地笼等渔具逐月调查汉江支流堵河梯级水库(龙背湾水库、松树岭水库、潘口水库)4个采样点马口鱼的种群资源,即年龄结构和生长特性,比较梯级水库间马口鱼的生长特性。调查期间,共采集马口鱼619尾,雌、雄比例为0.82∶1;鳞片鉴定年龄表明,雌、雄最大年龄分别为3龄和4龄;由4个年龄组构成,其中2龄为优势年龄组,占样本总数的56.4％。不同水库和性别间体长、体质量差异显著,体长(m)-体质量(L)关系式差异不显著。种群合并后的体长-体质量方程为m=0.0169L^2.981,表明马口鱼生长方式属匀速生长类型;von Bertalanffy拟合的体长和体质量生长方程分别为:L_t=18.38[1-e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}]和m_t=99.27[1-e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}],梯级水库及雌、雄个体间在生长方程无显著差异。体长和体质量的生长速度和加速度方程分别为:dL/dt=14.8731e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}、d²L/dt²=-12.0363e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}、dm/dt=239.4710e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}[1-e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}]^1.981和d²m/dt²=-193.7951e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}[2.981e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}-1][1-e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}]^0.981。体质量生长的拐点年龄为1.27 龄,对应的体长和体质量分别为12.2 cm、26.2 g。研究结果表明,梯级水库的建设对堵河水系马口鱼鱼类资源的影响较小。

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关键词 ：堵河, 梯级水库, 马口鱼, 年龄, 生长

Abstract：Age structure and growth characteristics were monthly surveyed in 619 samples of Chinese hook snout carp Opsariichthys bidens collected by three-layer gillnets and trap cages in four sampling sites in Duhe cascade reservoirs (Longbeiwan Reservoir, Songshuling Reservoir, and Pankou Reservoir) in tributaries of the Hanjiang River from June 2018 to April 2019, and the comparative analysis was conducted among the cascade reservoirs. It was found that the ratio of female to male was 0.82∶1. Scales identification showed that the female had the maximum ages of 3 years old and male of 4 years old, with 4 age classes, and with the dominant age group of 2 years old group, accounting for 56.4% of the total samples. There was significant difference in body length and body weight between different reservoirs and different genders, without significant difference in the relationship between body length and body weight (m-L). The m-L equation of various age population combination was m=0.0169L^2.981, indicating that the fish belonged to the type of uniform growth. The growth equations of body length and body weight fitted by van Bertalanffy were described as L_t=18.38 [1-e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}] and m_t=99.27 [1-e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}], without significant difference between male and female. The equation of growth rate and acceleration of body length and body weight were described as dL/dt=14.8731e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}, d²L/dt²=-12.0363e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}, dm/dt=239.4710e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}[1-e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}]^1.981, and d²m/dt²=-193.7951 e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}[2.981 e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}-1] [1-e^{-0.8093(t+0.079)}]^0.981, with the growth inflection point of body weight of 1.27 years old, and the corresponding body length of 12.2 cm and body weight of 26.2 g. There was little effect construction of cascade reservoir on the fish resources development of Chinese hook snout carp in the Duhe River.

Key words： Duhe River cascade reservoir Opsariichthys bidens age growth

收稿日期: 2021-07-21

PACS:

S931.1

基金资助:财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-46);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费院级湖库增殖渔业创新团队项目(2020TD57).

通讯作者: 杨德国(1964—),男,研究员;研究方向:鱼类生态学. E-mail:yangdg@yfi.ac.cn.

作者简介: 胡飞飞(1991—),男,研究实习员;研究方向:渔业水声学. E-mail:609409503@qq.com

引用本文:

胡飞飞, 李佳荫, 李学梅, 孟子豪, 陈康, 杨德国. 汉江支流堵河梯级水库马口鱼年龄与生长研究[J]. 水产科学, 2023, 42(3): 424-431.
HU Feifei, LI Jiayin, LI Xuemei, MENG Zihao, CHEN Kang, YANG Deguo. Age and Growth Characteristics of Chinese Hook Snout Carp Opsariichthys bidens in Duhe Cascade Reservoirs of the Hanjiang River. Fisheries Science, 2023, 42(3): 424-431.

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http://www.shchkx.com/CN/10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21134 或 http://www.shchkx.com/CN/Y2023/V42/I3/424

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