Abstract：In order to investigate the effects of different attapulgite additions on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and intestinal flora and histological structure of koi carp Cyprinus carpio, 240 healthy and disease-free koi carp with body weight of (115.48±3.72) g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 20 fish in each replicate,and fed the basic diet containing 0% (control group), 3%, 5% and 8% of attapulgite for 28 days. The results showed that dietary attapulgite led to increase the activities of intestinal α-amylase, lipase and trypsin, with significant effect at 0% and 3% groups(P<0.05), even though without significant effect on the growth performance of koi carp (P>0.05). There were increase in the intestinal mucosal fold height and muscle thickness in the test groups compared with the control group, with significant effect at 3% and 5% groups (P<0.05). There were sequencing coverage of 99.8% in samples in each group, and the gradually gentle dilution curve, indicating that the sequencing results were reasonable and reliable. At the phylum level, the dominant bacteria were found to be Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Fusobacteria in each group, with the dominant bacteria of Cetobacterium, Bacillus, and Peptostreptococcus at the genus level. At different classification levels, the higher similarity of community composition was observed in the 0% and 3% groups, and the analysis showed that attapulgite promotes the reproduction of beneficial bacteria and improves the composition and distribution of intestinal flora.
[1] MURRAY H H. Traditional and new applications for kaolin, smectite, and palygorskite:a general overview[J]. Applied Clay Science,2000,17(5/6):207-221. [2] 韩凤禄,陈恩鹏,蒋先程,等.新型抗菌物质凹凸棒土对凡纳滨对虾生长、抗氧化能力和肠道菌群的影响[J].水产学报,2023,47(7):123-137. [3] 夏枚生,胡彩虹,许梓荣,等.酸活化坡缕石对肉鸡日粮中黄曲霉毒素B1的去毒效果[J].中国兽医学报,2005,25(1):107-110. [4] 孙文恺,刘强,刘洋,等.载锌凹凸棒石对3种猪常见致病菌的体外抑菌效果[J].安徽农业科学,2019,47(17):85-88. [5] 罗有文,郑丹,曹斌,等.载锌凹凸棒石对犬免疫、抗氧化和抗运输应激能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2022,34(9):6064-6071. [6] SU Y, CHEN Y P, CHENG Y F, et al. Effects of modified palygorskite supplementation on egg quality and mineral element content, and intestinal integrity and barrier function of laying hens[J]. Biological Trace Element Research,2018,186(2):529-537. [7] ZHANG R Q, JIANG Y, LIU W B, et al. Evaluation of zinc-bearing palygorskite effects on the growth, immunity, antioxidant capability, and resistance to transport stress in blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)[J]. Aquaculture,2021,532:735963. [8] ZHA A D, TAN B, WANG J, et al. Dietary supplementation modified attapulgite promote intestinal epithelial barrier and regulate intestinal microbiota composition to prevent diarrhea in weaned piglets[J]. International Immunopharmacology,2023,117:109742. [9] 袁勇,文伟,冯智茂,等.凹凸棒石的作用机制及其在动物生产中的应用[J].动物营养学报,2020,32(6):2533-2542. [10] 简谊龙,李璐,陈跃平,等.改性凹凸棒石对开产前海兰褐蛋鸡生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫性能和肠道屏障功能的影响[J].动物营养学报,2022,34(11):7024-7037. [11] KANOULAS V, PAPADOPOULOS G A, TASSIS P, et al. Dietary supplementation of attapulgite improves growth performance in pigs from weaning to slaughter[J]. Veterinary Sciences,2022,9(10):557. [12] 马娇娇.螺旋藻对锦鲤生长、免疫、肠道菌群及体色的影响[D].天津:天津农学院,2022. [13] 汪磊.复合益生菌对眼斑双锯鱼和锦鲤生长及免疫指标水平的影响[D].大连:大连海洋大学,2022. [14] 李伟,刘耀东,王小建,等.坡缕石的理化特性、改性方法及其在鸡生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2023(10):126-129. [15] 李伟,刘耀东,孙秋枝,等.坡缕石的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的应用[J].中国饲料,2023(8):9-12. [16] ZHANG L, YAN R, ZHANG R Q, et al. Effect of different levels of palygorskite inclusion on pellet quality, growth performance and nutrient utilization in broilers[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2017,223:73-81. [17] 董静,王利国,窦勇,等.凹凸棒石黏土对饲料溶失率及克氏原螯虾生长性能、肌肉中Pb沉积的影响[J].饲料研究,2019,42(1):21-24. [18] ZHANG R Q, YANG X, CHEN Y P, et al. Effects of feed palygorskite inclusion on pelleting technological characteristics, growth performance and tissue trace elements content of blunt snout bream (Megalobrama amblycephala)[J]. Applied Clay Science,2015,114:197-201. [19] 王兴强,曹梅,阎斌伦,等.饲料中添加凹土对凡纳滨对虾存活和生长的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2008,1(5):149-152. [20] 曲木,唐子鹏,运永光,等.饲料中乳酸菌水平对红白锦鲤生长、免疫力、消化酶活性及体色的影响[J].生物化工,2022(1):51-58. [21] 陈跃平.凹凸棒石和L-苏氨酸对肉鸡肠道的保护作用研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2017. [22] CHEN Y P, CHENG Y F, YANG W L, et al. An evaluation of palygorskite inclusion on the growth performance and digestive function of broilers[J]. Applied Clay Science,2016,129:1-6. [23] QIAO L H, CHEN Y P, WEN C, et al. Effects of natural and heat modified palygorskite supplementation on the laying performance, egg quality, intestinal morphology, digestive enzyme activity and pancreatic enzyme mRNA expression of laying hens[J]. Applied Clay Science,2015,104:303-308. [24] DU M F, CHEN Y P, CHENG Y F, et al. A comparison study on the effects of dietary conventional and ultra-fine ground palygorskite supplementation on the growth performance and digestive function of broiler chickens[J]. Applied Clay Science,2019,181:105211. [25] 孟艳莉.凹凸棒石、蒙脱石及其复合物对断奶仔猪肠道的保护作用研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2011. [26] 陈度煌,朱卓,薛凌展,等.饲料中添加藻粉对半刺厚唇鱼生长性能及肠道组织结构的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2023,64(6):1371-1374. [27] 刘佳,闫子豪,么宝兰,等.鱼类肠道组织结构、功能、影响因素及其保护物质的研究进展[J].水产科技情报,2023,50(2):121-127. [28] 张瑞强.载锌凹凸棒石对团头鲂的生物学功能及相关机制研究[D].南京:南京农业大学,2019. [29] CHEN Y P, CHENG Y F, LI X H, et al. Dietary palygorskite supplementation improves immunity, oxidative status, intestinal integrity, and barrier function of broilers at early age[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2016,219:200-209. [30] 迟骋.鲤肠道优势菌对其免疫功能的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2014. [31] 张荣斌.低聚木糖对奥尼罗非鱼生长、免疫功能和肠道菌群的影响[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2012. [32] 孙文恺,刘强,刘洋,等.载锌凹凸棒石对断奶仔猪肠道免疫功能、食糜挥发性脂肪酸及粪便菌群的影响[J].畜牧与兽医,2020,52(1):43-49. [33] 陈继发,匡佑华,康克浪,等.蒙脱石、枯草芽孢杆菌及其互作对蛋鸡血浆激素含量、卵巢繁殖相关基因表达和肠道微生物的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(1):294-303. [34] SHI X Y, LIANG Y Z, LI Y H, et al. Dietary supplementation of montmorillonite promotes growth and intestinal health in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)[J]. Animal Feed Science and Technology,2022,283:115176. [35] 赵柳兰,龙亚男,罗杰,等.池塘和稻田两种养殖模式下建鲤肠道菌群、免疫酶活性及肌肉氨基酸比较分析[J].中国水产科学,2021,28(1):48-56. [36] RIZZATTI G, LOPETUSO L R, GIBIINO G, et al. Proteobacteria:a common factor in human diseases[J]. BioMed Research International,2017,2017:9351507. [37] 朱振祥.丁酸梭菌对鲤生长、免疫及肠道微生态的影响[D].新乡:河南师范大学,2019. [38] 何娇娇,王萍,冯建,等.玉米蛋白粉对大黄鱼生长、肠道组织结构及肠道菌群的影响[J].中国水产科学,2018,25(2):361-372. [39] 严雪瑜,叶香尘,韦玲静,等.稻田和池塘两种模式下金边鲤与建鲤肠道菌群差异分析[J].水产科学,2020,39(4):509-516.
2024, Vol. 43 
