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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2013 Vol. , No. 9 Published: 2013-09-25

Article

	497	Actions of Complement and Lysozyme in Clearance of Bacterium Escherichia coli in Amphioxus
		WANG Guangfeng,ZHANG Shicui
		It remains unknown to date about the mechanism that pathogens are eliminated from amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri) lacking free circulating blood cells even though amphioxus is widely used as the model organism for evolution and development research .The bacterium clearance dynamics in amphioxus were studied in vivo and in vitro by lysis of Escherichia coli ,inhibition of lytic activity with the specific antibodies ,and western blot .It was found that the amphioxus was capable of efficiently eliminating the invading bacterium Escherichia coli and that the humoral fluids can readily lyse the bacterium in v itro . Both complement and lysozyme were shown to be involved in the elimination in vivo of the invading bacteria in amphioxus and to act in concert against the invading bacteria , the complement playing a stronger role than the lysozyme doing . Western blot showed that both C3α and lysozyme levels were increased with the challenge with E .coli .This is the first report addressing the factors responsible for the clearance in v ivo of invading bacteria in amphioxus .
		2013 Vol. (9): 497-502 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (689 KB) ( 523 )

	503	Induction and Identification of Triploid in Bluntnose Black Bream Megalobrama amblycephala
		ZHANG Xinhui,LUO Wei,GAO Zexia,YANG Kun,ZHU Dongmei,WEN Jiufu,QIAN Xueqiao,WANG Weimin
		The conditions for induction of bluntnose black bream (Megalobrama amblycephala) triploids by means of cold shock were optimazed and three methods for induction of the triploids were compared . The hatching rate of 34 .31% and triploidy rate of 60 .67% were observed when the fertilized eggs were shocked at 0~2 °C for 25 min 3 min after fertilization and incubated at water temperature of about 26~27 ° C , even though triploidy rate was affected by water temperature , initial time and duration . The measurement of chromosome number count ,DNA content and erythrocyte volume revealed that the fry had 3n=72 chromosomes in artificial triploid and 2n=48 chromosomes in normal diploid .There were very significant differences in DNA contents measured by flow cytometry between the triploid and diploid (P <0 .01) ,the triploids being as large 1 .49 as times of the normal diploid ,especially the volume of nuclear and erythrocyte cells (P < 0 .01) .The ratio of triploids to diploids was found to be 1 .40∶1 in the erythrocyte volume ,and 1 .51∶1 in nucleus volume .The findings indicate that the triploid individuals of bluntnose black bream is accurately identified by the chromosome number ,DNA content and erythrocyte size .
		2013 Vol. (9): 503-508 [Abstract] ( 93 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (639 KB) ( 247 )

	509	Effects of N to P Ratio on Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Composition of Marine Red-tide Algae
		LIU Bao-zhan,LIU Yu,LI Ying,LIU Ling,WANG Hai-xia
		In this study , seven alga species , such as Thalassiosira weiss f logii , Emiliania huxleyi , Nitzschia closterium , Skeletonema costatum , Amphidinium carterae , Prorocentrum micans , and Alexandrium tamarense ,were used to evaluate the effects of different nutrients on their growth .Theδ13C andδ15 N values of these alga species were determined at different growth stag .The results showed that there were significant differences in the δ13 C andδ15 N values of different alga species ,and P .micans had the highest values whereas E .huxleyi showed the lowest values .No significant differences in the δ13 C valueswere found in the N.closterium,T.weissflogii and A .tamarense,while N.closterium,E. huxleyi ,S . costatum and N . closterium showed the non - significant differences in the δ15 N values . Except for the relatively lower values of δ13 C in the exponential phase of A .tamarense in the NP ,3N ,1/3P ,and 3P groups ,other alga species had the higher δ13 C values in the exponential phase than that in stationary phase .Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that the δ13 C values of seven alga species were significantly positive correlation with the concentrations of NO 3- and PO3 -4 ,while the δ15 N values of alga species were significantly negative correlation with NO 3- and positive with PO3 -4 .
		2013 Vol. (9): 509-515 [Abstract] ( 58 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (764 KB) ( 433 )

	516	Distribution and Contamination Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments in Yanwei Harbor
		LI Yu,LIU Fu-cheng,FENG Zhi-hua
		Heavy metal (Cu ,Zn ,Pb ,Cd ,Cr ,As ,Ni ,and Mn) concentrations and geo-accumulation index (Igeo) were determined in surface sediments in Yanwei harbor to understand the pollution status of the study area based on the background values .Results showed that the average concentrations (mg/kg) in the surface sediments were found to be 20 .2 for Cu ,264 for Zn ,54 .0 for Pb ,1 .52 for Cd ,69 .8 for Cr , 38 .8 for As ,35 .7 for Ni ,and 684 for Mn ,the contents of Cu ,Zn ,Pb ,Cr ,and As being within the relevant national standard in terms of heavy metal contamination ,and Cd being beyond the standard .The gIgeo revealed that there was Cd contamination in the entire study area ,with a descending order as Cd>As>Pb>Zn> Cr> Ni> Cu .Principal component analysis (PCA ) and cluster analysis showed that the heavy metal contamination was derived from industrial effluent ,agricultural wastewater and atmospheric sedimentation ,the former two accounting for 62 .41% ,and 12 .52% ,of the total variance .
		2013 Vol. (9): 516-523 [Abstract] ( 59 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (747 KB) ( 337 )

	524	The Effects of Various Ratios of Microalgae to Probiotics on Growth of Juvenile Sea Cucumber (Apostichopus j aponicus)
		WANG Jiqiao,ZHANG Kai,YUAN Chengyu,JIANG Yusheng,ZHANG Jiancheng,GONG Delong,CAO Xupeng
		The juvenile sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus Selenka) with initial body weight of (1 .00 ± 0 .05) g were reared in 18 plastic tanks supplemented with various ratios of microalgae to probiotics at a rate of 20 individuals per tank with triplication at water temperature of 11 .2~21 .0 ℃ for 80 days .During the culture period ,only alga mixture of Chlorella sp , Cylindrotheca sp and Chaetoceros sp at a same proportion was added to the tanks (Group A ) at a density of 2 .22 × 108 cells per tank ;only probiotics containing photosynthetic bacteria ,lactic bacteria ,and yeasts were added to the tanks at a density of 2 .22 × 108 individuals per tank (Group B);in the tanks (Group C) the algae and probiotics were supplemented at a ratio of 1∶1 ,that is ,1 .11 × 108 individuals per tank each ;the tanks in Group D and Group E were supplemented with alga mixture and probiotics at a ratio of 2∶1 ,and 1∶2 ;no any addition was in the tanks as a control group (Group K) .The results showed that the sea cucumber in Group A had the maximal specific growth rate (0 .16% /d) ,followed by the animals in Group E ,and the minimum in Group B (-0 .37% /d) ,with very significant difference between Group A and Group B ,and between Group E and Group B (P <0 .01) .The higher ammonia and active phosphorus levels in the water ,lower activities of acid phosphatase (ACP) and catase (CA T ) in the coelomic fluids and the least amount of V ibrio sp in the intestines were observed in the sea cucumber in Group B ,in which there were higher nitrite levels , higher activities of ACP and CAT in the coelomic fluids and more amount of Vibrio sp in the intestines . There was no significant relationship between activities of the digestive enzymes in the intestines and the growth in the sea cucumber in the experiment .The ecological functions and supplemental pattern (optimal ratio and time) of the microalgae and probiotics are discussed in the sea cucumber culture ponds in detail .
		2013 Vol. (9): 524-530 [Abstract] ( 68 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (701 KB) ( 304 )

	531	Isolation,Identification and Physiological Characterization of Lytic Phage against Bacterium Salmonella sp.
		LI Meng,HAN Feng,LIN Hong,WANG Jing-xue
		A lytic phage SP3 was isolated from effluent from a fishery product market by a double-layer plate method to develop an effective controlling method against bacterium Salmonella sp .The SP3 were morphologically observed by transmission electron microscope ,and the composition of protein and nucleic acid were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and AGE . Furthermore some physiological properties were also characterized including one step curve , pH stability , thermal stability , inhibition activity and storage condition .The SP3 was found to be a member of family Siphoviridae ,whose main proteins were ranged from 43 .0 to 66 .2 ku and the deoxyribose nucleic acid (DNA ) was digested with the restriction endonuclease .The latent time period and burst time were calculated to be 5 and 75 min ,respectively .The SP3 was stable at a wide range of temperatures from 30 to 40 ℃ and pH 7 ~ 9 . At liquid culture conditions ,the bacterium treated with phage had much lower optical density than the control one .The storage condition test revealed that the SP3 should be stored at -20 ℃ .
		2013 Vol. (9): 531-535 [Abstract] ( 67 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (675 KB) ( 563 )

	536	The Comparison of ITS1 and Cyt b Gene Sequences in Tapertail Anchovy Coilia mystus
		SUN Chao,LIU Hongbo,JIANG Tao,YANG Jian
		The DNA ITS1 and Cyt b gene were sequenced in tapertail anchovy Coilia mystus as a very economically important fish in Yangtze River estuary to reveal ITS 1 sequence characteristics and potential utilization for genetic diversity and kinship analysis for this species and other members in genus Coilia . The results showed that there was higher GC content in ITS1 sequence (71 .19% ) than that in Cyt b gene sequence (42 .96% ) .Also ,the haplotype and nucleotide diversity of ITS1 sequence (0 .900/0 .00997 ± 0 .01116) was higher than that of Cyt b gene sequence (0 .400/0 .000369 ± 0 .000469) .Both MCL and K2P genetic distances of ITS1 were found at interspecies level between C .mystus and C .nasus ,which were coincident with those of Cyt b gene sequences . The ML and UPGMA trees constructed with ITS1 sequences and Cyt b gene sequences revealed that C . mystus and C . nasus formed the separate monophyletic groups ,respectively .Hence ,the consistency of analyses between ITS1 sequence and Cyt b gene sequence were good ,indicating that the ITS1 sequence was used as a good genetic marker for genetic diversity and kinship determination for C .mystus and other Coilia species (e .g .,C .nasus) .
		2013 Vol. (9): 536-540 [Abstract] ( 77 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (633 KB) ( 202 )

	541	Physiological Response of Algae Py ramidomonas delicatula and Chlorella saccharophila to Glyphosate Toxicity Stress
		TIAN Mi,ZHENG Beibei,SU Jinli,SONG Xiumei,WANG Hongbin
		The physiological effects of herbicide glyphosate on growth and synthesis of chlorophyll a were studied in algae Pyramidomonas delicatula and Chlorella saccharophila to alert the pesticide pollution severity in water environment and to reveal potential application of marine microalgae in environmental toxicological evaluation . The results showed that the glyphosate had no inhibitory effect on the alga grow th within the concentration in all experimental groups in the first 3 days ,showing toxicity excitement at 10μL of glyphosate ,with the maximal value in 3 day ,39% higher than that in control group .From the day 4 , however , glyphosate showed significant inhibitory effect on P . delicatula and a clear dose-dependent relationship , up to the peak in 80 μL group 7 d after cultivation , the biomass in the experimental group representing 47% of the control group .Glyphosate was found to have stronger toxicity stress on C .saccharophila than on P .delicatula ,being increased with the increase in concentration and time elapse from the 2 d .In 7 day cultivation ,the biomass was found to be 27 .4% of the control group at 10 μL of glyphosate ,24 .6% at 20 μL of glyphosate ,23 .7% at 40 μL of glyphosate ,21 .9% at 60 μL of glyphosate ,and 13% at 80 μL of glyphosate .The glyphosate showed inhibitory effect on chlorophyll a of the algae ,the minimal value in 80 μL group ,and the content of chlorophyll a was only 24 .3% ( P . delicatula) and 7 .54% (C .saccharophila) of the control group .Glyphosate showed much more toxicity stress on C .saccharophila than on P . delicatula ,indicating the feasibility of C .saccharophila as the toxicological evaluation for glyphosate water pollution .
		2013 Vol. (9): 541-544 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (655 KB) ( 332 )

	545	Lipid Content and Fatty acid Composition in Green Alga Chlorella py renoidesa at Different Growth Phases
		CHEN Wei,LIANG Mingming,BAI Yongan,LI Xiaodong,ZHAO Wen
		Alga Chlorella pyrenoidesa was cultured in the outdoor ponds at 25~28.5 ℃ for 18 days .The microalga were collected at different growth phases (delay phase ,exponential growth phase ,stationary phase and decay phase) .The effect of different growth phases on the total lipid content and the fatty acid composition of Chlorella pyrenoidesa were investigated .The fatty acids composition was determined by capillary gas-liquid chromatography .The results showed that the lipid content in the alga (4 .85% of fresh weight) gathering from exponential growth phase was significantly higher than those from the other three growth phases (1.44% ~1.85% of fresh weight ) .Maximum percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA ) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA ) were found in exponential growth phase ,followed by on stationary phase and delay phase ,and the minimum on decay phase .The percentage of PUFA and EPA were significantly decreased in stationary phase (17 .92% and 12 .98% ) , delay phase (17 .53% and 13 .02% ) ,and decay phase (12 .47% and 8 .62% ) relative to exponential phase (23 .37% and 17 .92% ) . Therefore ,late exponential growth phase or early stationary phase in the outdoor culture of Chlorella pyrenoidesa was the optimal harvesting phase .
		2013 Vol. (9): 545-548 [Abstract] ( 101 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (603 KB) ( 461 )

	549	Progress in Disease Research of Grouper Aquaculture in China
		LUO Ming,CHEN Fu-xiao,LIU Long-long,LI Wei-dong,ZENG Guan-qiong,TAN Wei,LI Xiang-min

		2013 Vol. (9): 549-554 [Abstract] ( 88 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (590 KB) ( 1016 )

	555	Current Status and Development Prospects of Tianjin in Shellfish Industry
		XING Kezhi,GAO Yili,GUO Yongjun,LI Yongren

		2013 Vol. (9): 555-558 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (568 KB) ( 281 )