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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2015 Vol. , No. 4 Published: 2015-04-25

Article

	201	Effects of a Chinese Herbal Compound on Growth Performance,Non-specific Immune Response and Disease Resistance of Chinese Mitten-handed Crab Eriocheir sinensis
		LI Siming,DING Huijun,GUO Xiaoze,FU Hui,TANG Yanqiang,ZHONG Jiayou
		In a feeding trial ,the effects of a Chinese herbal compound on grow th performance ,non‐specific immune response and disease resistance were investigated in Chinese mitten‐handed crab Eriocheir sinensis with body weight of (6 .76 ± 0 .1) g at water temperature of 23 .5—28 .5 ℃ .The crab was reared in 24 tanks of each 100 cm × 50 cm × 50 cm at a stocking density of 30 individuals per tank and fed diets containing Chinese herbal compound at a rate of 0% (control group ) ,0 .1% ,0 .5% ,1 .0% ,1 .5% and 2 .0% for 60 days with four replicates per group .Except 0 .1% group ,there were significantly higher weight gain and specific growth rate in the crab in the treatment groups than those in the control group (P<0 .05) .In the 1 .0% group ,the crab had the maximal phagocytosis percentage and phagocytic index in the blood cells and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) ,peroxidase (POD) and catalase in the serum and hepatopancreas ,significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0 .05) .The activities of the serum acid phosphatase (ACP) were found to be significantly higher among the treatment groups except in 0 .1% and 2 .0% groups .There were significant differences in activities of serum alkaline phosphatase (AKP) between the 0 .5% ,1 .0% and 1 .5% groups and the control group (P<0 .05) .The activities of serum and hepatopancreas lysozymes (LSZ ) were first found to be increased and then decreased with increase in dietary Chinese herbal compound ,significantly higher than those in the control group ( P<0 .05) . Hepatopancreas malondialdehyde (MDA ) content was decreased with increase in the dietary Chinese herbal compound .The 15 d challenge with Aeromonas hydrophila revealed that the mortality rates were significantly decreased in the treatment groups than that in the control group except in 0 .1%group (P<0 .05) ,and the immune protective rate was increased with the elevated dietary Chinese herbal compound .In conclusion ,the diet containing 1 .0% Chinese herbal compound leads to improve the grow th performance ,non‐specific immune response and disease resistance of Chinese mitten‐handed crab .
		2015 Vol. (4): 201-207 [Abstract] ( 95 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (634 KB) ( 531 )

	208	Effects of Several Terrestrial Plants on Growth of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus j aponicus
		LIU Tianhong,WU Zhihong,SUN Yuanqin,LI Xiao,LI Hongyan,WANG Liyuan,WANG Ying
		A feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary on growth of juvenile sea cucum‐ber A postichopus j aponicus .Juvenile sea cucumber weighing 2 .5 g to 3 .5 g was stocked into 70 L plastic tanks for 60 days and fed sea weeds Sargassum thunbergii ,Sargassum pallidum ,Enteromorpha prolif‐ra ,Purslane herb ,Sargassum f usiforme(Harv .) setch ,Ulva lactucal ,Thallus laminariae ,and a com‐mercial feed . The best artificial ingredients of these plants were defined by the body length , specific growth ratios (SGR) ,weight growth(WG) ,apparent protein digestibility (ADC) and food conversation ratio (FCR) after feeding sea cucumber .The results showed that the order of body length of juvenile sea cucumber was expressed as :S .thunbergii > kelp > 200 mesh E .prolif ra> S .pallidum > P .herb >U .lactuca > 400 mesh E .prolifra (without mud ) > S . fusiforme(Harv .) Setch .> 400 mesh E . prolifra,difference of some groups were very significant (P< 0 .01).The better growth‐promoting effects of these plants to sea cucumber were S .thunbergii ,U .lactucaand E .prolif ra ,according to these different promoting indicators like SGR ,WG ,ADC and FCR .These values were significant (P <0 .05) . S .thunbergii had the best apparent protein digestibility ,the worst S .fusiforme(Harv .) Setch .There‐fore ,S .thunbergii ,S .pallidum ,E .prolifra,and U .lactucawere more beneficial to the growth of sea cucumber ,w hich can be used for the preparation of artificial juvenile sea cucumber feed .
		2015 Vol. (4): 208-213 [Abstract] ( 56 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (780 KB) ( 238 )

	214	Hematological Indices,and Classification and Hematopoiesis of Blood Cells in Malabar Grouper Epinephlus malabaricus
		MAO Haitao,SUN Jingfeng,WANG Qingkui,SUN Xueliang,CHEN Chengxun
		The hematological indices ,and classification and development of blood cells were investigated in 20 samples of malabar grouper Epinephlus malabaricus .The numbers of erythrocyte and leukocyte were found to be (1 .89 ± 0 .48) × 106 ind/mm3 and (1 .65 ± 0 .34) × 104 ind/mm3 respectively ,with hemoglobin content of (7 .11 ± 0 .67) g/L ,and erythrocyte osmotic fragility of (0 .54 ± 0 .02)% .The hematocrit was (3 .67 ± 0 .67)% ,and the erythrocytes had sedimentation rate of (2 .50 ± 0 .25) mm/h .The observation of the stained smears of peripheral blood ,head kidney ,kidney ,liver and spleen revealed that erythrocytes (including immature erythrocyte ) ,thrombocytes ,lymphocytes ,neutrophils and monocytes were recog‐nized ,and that no ensinophilic granulocytes and basophilic granulocytes were found ,in which the large lymphocytes accounted for (23 .13 ± 6 .99)% ,small lymphocytes (48 .97 ± 7 .42)% ,neutrophils (21 .03 ± 4 .42)% and monocytes (6 .87 ± 2 .27)% .The various developmental blood cells were observed in liver , spleen ,pronephros and kidney ,indicating that the spleen ,pronephros and kidney were the developmental centre of all kinds of blood cells ,and that the primitive erythrocytes were not observed in liver .
		2015 Vol. (4): 214-219 [Abstract] ( 74 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1771 KB) ( 501 )

	220	Single and Joint Acute Toxicity of Cd2+ and Hg2+ to Chinese Mitten Handed Crab Eriocheir sinensis
		PENG Xue,HUANG Xiaoliang,CHEN Sihan,CHEN Shangjing,YING Xueping
		Chinese mitten handed crab Eriocheir sinensis with body weight of 48 .58—87 .09 g was exposed to Cd2+ concentrations of 25 .00 ,52 .23 ,109 .13 ,228 .00 ,476 .37 and 993 .27 mg/L and Hg2+ concentra‐tions of 3 .00 ,7 .26 ,17 .58 ,42 .57 ,103 .06 and 249 .53 mg/L ,respectively ,and jointly by mixing equitoxic ratio of 96 h‐median lethal concentrations (LC50 ) of Cd2+and Hg2+ for 4 days to understand the acute tox‐icity effect of Cd2+ and Hg2+ on survival of the crab .The results showed that the LC50 of Cd2+ were 654 .226 mg/L in 24 h ,192 .429 mg/L in 48 h ,70 .767 mg/L in 72 h ,and 40 .279 mg/L in 96 h ,and the LC50 of Hg2+ were 164 .157 mg/L in 24 h ,19 .214 mg/L in 48 h ,6 .738 mg/L in 72 h and 3 .641 mg/L in 96 h .The safety concentrations (SC) were shown to be 4 .994 mg/L for Cd2+and 0 .079 mg/L for Hg2+ , higher toxicity in Hg2+ than in Cd2+ .The joint toxicity test revealed that the additive index (AI) was 4 .291 in 24 h ,4 .587 in 48 h ,3 .367 in 72 h and 2 .003 in 96 h for equitoxic mixtures of Hg2+ and Cd2+ , showing the synergistic joint toxic effects of Cd2+ and Hg2+ .
		2015 Vol. (4): 220-226 [Abstract] ( 111 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (627 KB) ( 437 )

	227	Effects of Handling Stress out of Water on Serum Parameters in Tiger Puffer Taki f ugu rubripes
		CHENG Minjie,HUANG Yadong,XU Wenmin,WAN Gangtao,XING Kezhi,CHEN Chengxun,WANG Qingkui,GUO Yongjun,SUN Xueliang
		The serum indices were determined 0 ,4 ,8 ,12 ,18 ,24 ,36 ,48 ,72 ,96 ,120 ,and 168 h after handling out of water in tiger puffer Taki f ugu rubripes with body weight of (181 .88 ± 14 .95) g handled out of water (out of water for 3 min ,in water for 2 min ,and then out of water for 3 min ) at water temperature of (22 .0 ± 0 .3) ℃ .The results showed that activities of glutamate‐pyruvate transaminase (GPT) and glutamate‐oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) were found to be increased after handling ,GPT and GOT being recovery to the control level 72 h and 8 h later ,respectively .The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were increased first and then decreased gradually ,being recovery to the control level 12 h later .The maximal CAT activity was observed 18 h after handling ,and returned to the control level after 48 h ,significantly higher than that in the control group from 8 h to 24 h later (P<0 .05) .There was higher content of malonaldehyde (MDA) in the fish in the treatment group than in the control group during the test .The levels of creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) were found to be increased after handling ,and then returned to the control level . The activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) was found to be significantly lower than that in the control group after handling (P<0 .05) ,AKP being recovery to the control level .There was no significant difference in content of total protein (TP) between the handling group and the control group( P>0 .05) .The findings indicate that the handling out of water might damage liver and kidney due to unbalancing and disorder .The handled fish will returned to the normal level 72 h after handling .
		2015 Vol. (4): 227-231 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1003 KB) ( 207 )

	232	Cloning,Characterization and Expression of Full-length cDNA of a Tyrosinase Gene from Japanese Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis
		SHI Jingyun,BAO Xiangbo,ZHANG Zhenyu,GAO Xianggang,PU Hongshuang,HE Chongbo,KONG Fandong,LIU Weidong
		In this study ,tyrosinase (MyTYR) gene was sequenced from Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis by molecular cloning technique ,and MyTYR expression was studied in different tissues in the Japanese scallop challenged with bacterial pathogen (Vibrio anguillarum) at various periods of injection by quantitative real time PCR (qRT‐PCR) .The full‐length 1850 bp MyTYR mRNA contained a 37 bp 5’ untranslated region ,a 1470 open reading frame encoding 489 amino acids and a 343 bp 3’ UTR .The qRT‐PCR showed that MyTYR gene was expressed in the hepatopancreas ,mantle ,kidney ,adductor ,gill and hemocytes ,the maximum in the mantle .There was significantly lower quantity of TYR gene expression 6 hours after the bacterial pathogen injection than that in the control group .From twelve to thirty‐six hours after injection ,however ,the expression level of TYR gene was significantly higher than that in the control group ,indicating that the gene may play an important role in immune process .
		2015 Vol. (4): 232-239 [Abstract] ( 63 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (6848 KB) ( 93 )

	240	Effects of Salinity on Histological Structure of Digestive System in Snail Onchidium st ruma
		SHEN Yonglong,HUANG Jintian,GE Xianping
		Snail Onchidium struma was cultured at various salinities of 5 ,15 ,25 ,35 ,or 45 to evaluate the effects of salinity on histological structure and ultrastructure of the digestive system .The salinity was found to significantly affect the structure of pylorus ,cardia ,heptopancreas and intestine .The pyloric stomach and cardiac cells were shown to be to some extent contracted with the increase in salinity ,and some cells of the hepatopancreas were dissolved at low salinity ,and seriously damaged at high salinity , cavity being observed in the cells at a salinity of 35—45 under scanning electronic microscopy . T he intestinal villus height and digestive and absorptive area were found to be gradually reduced to flat at a salinity of 35—45 under a scanning electron microscope . T he histological analysis indicates that the appropriate culture of O .struma is conducted at a salinity of 15 .
		2015 Vol. (4): 240-244 [Abstract] ( 73 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (2093 KB) ( 383 )

	245	Cloning and Phylogeny Analysis of GnRHs in Croaker Nibea Protonibea diacanthus
		YANG Xiankuan,ZHAO Huihong,LIN Quanzhuo,CHEN Yibin,LIU Lijie,LIU Yan,LI Zhihu
		Three genes of gonadotrophin hormone releasing hormone (GnRHs) including cGnRH (chicken GnRH) ,(salmon GnRH) and sbGnRH(sea bream GnRH) were cloned from croaker nibea Protonibea di‐acanthus by a homology cloning method .It was found that the ORF was comprised of 258 bp coding 85 a‐mino acids in cGnRH ,273 bp coding 90 amino acids in sGnRH and 261 bp coding 86 amino acids in sbGn‐RH .T he three GnRH genes had signal peptide of 23 amino acids ,and the highly conservative core de‐capeptide of QHWSHGWYPG in cGnRH ,QHWSYGWLPG in sGnRH and QHWSYGLSPG in sbGnRH by bioinformatics analysis .Amino acid sequences alignment analysis proved that the amino acid sequences of cGnRH ,sGnRH and sbGnRH had the most affinity between croaker nibea and red drum Sciaenops ocel‐latus ,with the homology of up to 100% in the amino acid between cGnRH and sGnRH ,and the homology of 92 .2% in sGnRH .Phylogenetic unrooted trees constructed by neighbour‐joining method and the molec‐ular phylogenetic tree of GnRH established by NJ method using software MEGA 4 .0 showed that cGnRH of croaker nibea tended to cluster with red drum in the same family firstly ,then with puffer Taki f ugu ni‐phobles ,zebrafish Danio rerio ,and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss ;while that sGnRH tends to clus‐ter with sGnRH ,cGnRH and sbGnRH of other fish species step by step .The sbGnRH of croaker nibea was found to cluster with sbGnRH first ,followed by cGnRH ,and sGnRH successively .
		2015 Vol. (4): 245-250 [Abstract] ( 74 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (911 KB) ( 370 )

	251	Application and Economic Benefits of Probiotics in 80∶20 Fish Culture Ponds
		LI Nanchong,ZHONG Lei,YANG Ke,YU Ping,LI Yuanpeng,JI Hong,REN Tongjun
		In this study ,production and economic benefits were evaluated in 80∶20 fish culture ponds in which probiotics were applied .Common carp Cyprinus carpio with body weight of 242 g ,silver carp Hy‐pophthalmichthys molitrix with body weight of 160 g ,and bighead carp A ristichthys nobilis with body weight of 330 g were stocked into two test ponds with water surface area of 0 .13 hm2 and depth of 1—1 .3 m at a stocking rate of 0 .42 kg/m3 ,0 .07 kg/m3 ,and 0 .07 kg/m3 ,and fed the diet containing probioticsⅠand Ⅱ at a rate of 5 mL/kg in the experimental pond and the basic diet in the control pond for 40 and 80 days .The results showed that common carp had average body weight of 627 g in the treatment group , higher than the fish in control group (body weight of 565 g ,and body weight gain of 8961 .67 kg/hm2 ) in treatment group ,41 .8% higher than that in the control group (6319 .80 kg/hm2 ) .But there were lower body weight gain in filter feeder silver carp and bighead carp in treatment pond than in the control group . Low ammonia nitrogen level ,appropriate range of pH value ,high DO level and low food conversion ratio were observed in treatment pond ,7 .8% lower food conversion ratio in treatment pond than in the control pond .The total output value was increased by 36888 .90￥/hm2in treatment pond ,higher than that in the control pond ,indicating that the findings provide reference to the application of probiotics in aquaculture .
		2015 Vol. (4): 251-255 [Abstract] ( 80 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (807 KB) ( 286 )

	256	Estimation of Biological Parameters in Common Carp Cyp rinus carpio Collected in the Yangtze River Waterway in Poyang Lake by Support of FiSAT ⅡSoftware
		WU Bin,FANG Chunlin,HE Gang,FU Peifeng,XIONG Xiaoying,ZHOU Huiming,ZHANG Yanping,WANG Sheng,WANG Qingping
		Growth ,mortality and recruitment were estimated based on length‐frequency data in common carp Cyprinus carpio collected from the set net fishery survey in Poyang Lake through the Yangtze River Waterway from March ,2012 to February ,2013 ,using FiSAT Ⅱ software .The results showed that the common carp population had body length of 55—720 mm ,and that the relationship between body length (L ,mm) and body weight (m ,g) was expressed as m = 3 .021 × 10‐5 L2 .955 (r2 =0 .978 ,n= 549) .The es‐timated parameter for von Bertalanffy growth equation was found to be L ∞ = 753 .38 mm ,k= 0 .170 ,t0 =-0 .687 .Total mortality (Z) was estimated as 0 .701a‐1 ,natural mortality (M ) 0 .362 a-1 ,and fishing mor‐tality (F) 0 .339 a-1 .The recruitment pattern showed a continuous trend with double peaks in March and June .The exploitation rate of 0 .484 was very close to the maximal catching rate of Emax0 .472 in the knife-edge model ,indicating that the current fishing activity was very high in Poyang Lake through the Yan‐gtze River Waterway .Meanwhile ,the population intrinsic dynamics needs to be further studied .
		2015 Vol. (4): 256-260 [Abstract] ( 63 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (990 KB) ( 253 )

	261	Nutritional Regulation of Growth-related Hormones in Fish
		DING Chenlong,QIN Chaobin,WU Chun,NIE Guoxing

		2015 Vol. (4): 261-268 [Abstract] ( 63 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (644 KB) ( 827 )