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Information
月刊，1984年创刊
主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主 办：包头医学院
主 编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292
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2020 Vol. 39, No. 4
Published: 2020-07-25
ResearchandApplication
OverviewandSpecificTopic
ResearchandApplication
465
Effects of
Aeromonas hydrophila
Stimulation on Immunity of Chinese Mitten Crab
Eriocheir sinensis
CHENG Chao, XIAO Min, LI Jing, MAO Zhenfang, ZHANG Cuizhen, CHEN Zhihe, ZHU Minjie, JIAN Shaoqing, ZHAO Daxian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.001
In this study, the influence of
Aeromonas hydrophila
stimulation on immune tissue structure and gene expression of Chinese mitten crab
Eriocheir sinensis
was analyzed by conventional paraffin section, hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE staining) and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.The results showed that, with the bacterial stimulation, the gill filaments thickness and the number of blood cells of Chinese mitten crab were decreased and then increased, the lumen area, structure and cell number of hepatic small tubules were changed significantly compared with the control group.The expression levels of lipopolysaccharide and beta-1, 3-glucan binding protein (LGBP) were decreased significantly at 6 h (
P
<0.05), but increased significantly at 12 h (
P
<0.05). Tube gene expression level was decreased significantly at 3 h and 6 h (
P
<0.05), and increased significantly at 12 h (
P
<0.05). Dorsal expression levels were increased significantly at 3 h (
P
<0.05), The expression level of integrin was significantly increased at 3 h and 6 h after infection (
P
<0.05), and was significantly increased at 12 h (
P
<0.01). The expressions of prophenoloxidase activating factor (PPAF), peroxinectin (PXN) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were found to be decreased gradually within 12 h after infection. The expression levels of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) reached the lowest value at 6 h after infection, and then was upregulated. The expression level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly decreased at 6 h after infection (
P
<0.05). In conclusion,
Aeromonas hydrophila
stimulation significantly changed the structures of the gill and hepatopancreas and the expression levels of immune-related genes in Chinese mitten crab.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 465-475 [
Abstract
] (
384
)
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476
A Relevance of Adductor Protein Solubility to ATP in Yesso Scallop
Patinopecten yessoensis
ZHANG Qing, JIANG Minghui, TIAN Yuanyong, XU Meilu, LENG Hanbing, LIU Junrong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.002
Freshly harvested live Yesso scallop
Patinopecten yessoensis
were immediately cooled and stored at 4 ℃ with air exposure. The striated muscle and smooth muscle were separated, and the contents of adenosine triphosphate and related compounds were determined in 5 samples collected at 0 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, and 120 h storage, and the protein solubility of the scallop muscle stored at 0 h, 48 h, and 120 h were measured to investigate the the relevance of protein solubility and quality of live scallop. The results showed that Yesso scallop had decrease in vitality during air exposure storage, almost exhausted ATP after 120 h storage, and increase in the solubility of protein, especially in the higher ion concentration, with the maximal solubility in 120 h storage. However, higher solubility was observed when ATPase was inhibited with addition of ethylene glycol bis (2-aminoethyl ether) tetraacetic acid (EGTA). ATP was partially removed by rinsing minced muscle, along with the increasing myofibrillar protein solubility. Homogenization led to the degradation of ATP in muscle, and ATP was involved in the mechanism of muscle protein solubility. Further research was required to clarify the relationship between ATP content and muscle protein solubility property in early post-harvest active scallop.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 476-482 [
Abstract
] (
210
)
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483
Toxicological Effect of Ammonia on Embryos and Prolarvae of Taiwan Loach
WANG Mengjie, WANG Haihua, MA Benhe, CHEN Jianhua, ZHU Ming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.003
The blastula embryos of Taiwan loach(
Paramisgurnus dabryanus
ssp. Taiwan) were placed in a 90 mm diameter, 45 mm high glass crystal dish and exposed to 0(control), 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 mg/L ammonia concentrations in order to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ammonia on the development and toxicity of embryos and prolarvae of Taiwan loach. The hatching success, incubation period, mortality rate, abnormality rate, body length, heart beating rate, yolk absorption rate and specific growth rate were measured under a microscope. The embryo hatching rate, mortality rate and larva malformation rate of Taiwan loach were found to be significantly increased with the increase in ammonia concentration(
P
<0.05), without significant effects of ammonia exposure on the incubation period and embryonic heart beating rate(
P>
0.05). All of the dead prolarvae were observed in 40 and 80 mg/L concentration groups within 48 h and 12 h after hatching, respectively. The growth and yolk absorption rate of larval Taiwan loach exposed to high ammonia concentration were inhibited (
P
<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in embryonic development and larva growth between the low concentration group (5 and 10 mg/L) and the control group(
P>
0.05). The findings explored the toxicological effects of ammonia exposure on embryo-larvae of Taiwan loach, and provided theoretical basis for breeding of Taiwan loach.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 483-490 [
Abstract
] (
228
)
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491
Community Structure Characteristics of Crustaceans in North Branch of Yangtze River Estuary
ZHAO Pengpeng, GAO Chunxia, CHEN Jinhui, ZHAO Jing, DAI Libin, WANG Xuefang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.004
The diversity of crustaceans was evaluated by Margalef abundance(
D
) index, Shannon-Wiener diversity index(
H
'), Pielou species evenness(
J
) and dominant species index(
Y
) and the community structures of crustaceans were analyzed by hierarchical clustering, nonmetric multidimentional scaling ordination(NMDS), alternating index and migration index as well as abundance-biomass curves in north branch of the Yangtze River estuary based on the survey data collected by bottom trawls from 2011 to 2014. The results showed that a total of 34 benthic crustacean species were found including 16 shrimp species, 17 crab species and 1 stomatopod species, with obvious dissimilarity of dominant species composition in each year, only the most dominant species of prawn
Palaemon gravieri
and swimming crab
Portunus trituberculatus
from 2011 to 2014, the others belonging to single-year dominant species. The maximal index value of stock density was observed in 2012, with average biomass of 19.53 kg/h and average number of 1297.69 ind/h. Hierarchical clustering and nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis revealed that the crustacean community was clustered in 2011, 2013 and 2014, and was separated from that in 2012. Meanwhile, the alternating index and migration index as well as abundance-biomass curves of crustacean community indicated that the less interference and higher stability of crustacean community was observed in 2012.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 491-499 [
Abstract
] (
185
)
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180
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500
Otolith Microchemical Analysis of Tapertail Anchovy
Coilia nasus
from Ariake Sea and Its Adjacent Tributaries in Japan
LIU Hongbo, JIANG Tao, XUAN Zhongya, QIU Chen, YANG Jian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.005
The estuarine tapertail anchovy (
Coilia nasus
) only distributes in Ariake Sea and the adjacent tributary rivers (e.g., Chikugo River and Rokkaku River) flowing into this sea area of Japan. It is a traditional commercial fish resource in this region and has been listed in the category of “vulnerable” species by the Fisheries Agency of Japan. For investigating its population dynamics, life history, and salinity habitat requirement, tapertail anchovy sampled from the Ariake Sea, Rokkaku River, and Chikugo River were studied by examining the environmental signatures of strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) in their otoliths using microchemical analysis. The Sr and Ca concentrations were standardized to Sr∶Ca ratios of Sr∶Ca×10
3
(Sr∶Ca ratio >7, higher salinity seawater; 3—7, brackish water; ≤3, freshwater habitat); along line transects from the core (0 μm) to the edge and Sr intensity map (color patterns: reddish, higher salinity seawater; greenish-yellowish, brackish water; bluish, freshwater habitat), showing that fish studied was generally divided into two distinct freshwater originated (i.e., anadromous) and non-freshwater originated (i.e., sea origin) ecological types. The former type was further divided into three different patterns of habitat history. The phenomena clearly reflected the diversity of population composition, fluctuation migration patterns and flexible habitat requirement strategies of tapertail anchovy in studied waters. In addition, 30% of tapertail anchovy in the present study were found incubation in the brackish-water, indicating that for the tapertail anchovy around Ariake Sea, the recruitments originated from estuarine brackish water also played the an important role, beside those traditionally originated from the tributary rivers.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 500-508 [
Abstract
] (
160
)
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360
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509
Analysis of Difference in Intestinal Bacterial Flora between Common Carp
Cyprinus carpio
var.
jinbian
and
C. carpio
var.
jian
Cultured in Paddy Fields and in Ponds
YAN Xueyu, YE Xiangchen, WEI Lingjing, WEN Yanhong, YANG Zhushan, TENG Zhongzuo, LIU Kang, LYU Yejian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.006
The intestinal bacterial community and relative abundance were comparatively analyzed in common carp
Cyprinus carpio
var.
jinbian
and
C.carpio
var.
jian
cultured from different modes, including the pond culture group of Jinbian carp (B1), the paddy field culture group of Jinbian carp (B2), the pond culture group of Jian carp (N1) and the field culture group of Jian carp (N2), by using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to detect the hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene. The results showed that 377, 250, 367 and 455 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) in the intestine were obtained in the B1, B2, N1 and N2 groups, respectively. OTU cluster analysis revealed that the results of N2 group were the most different from those of other three groups. Diversity analysis of the intestinal bacterial community indicated that the Simpson index was significantly higher in B1 than that in B2, N1 and N2 (
P
<0.05), with Shannon index of 1.56±0.22 in B2 and 2.53±0.82 in N2, which were both higher than that in the corresponding pond groups, without significant difference (
P
>0.05). Proteobacteria (89.56%) and
Aeromonas
(82.68%) were the dominant bacteria in B1 group(
P
<0.05), and the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria
and Fimicutes in the phylum level, and
Cetobacteriu
m,
Aeromonas
and
Lactococcus
in the genus level in B2, N1 and N2 groups. KEGG analysis showed that the intestinal bacterial in B1, B2, N1 and N2 groups involved in various metabolic pathways, signal conduction-, regulation and repair-related signaling pathways. The findings indicated that the dominant bacteria, relative abundance and involved pathways of Jinbian carp in the field-or pond- culture mode were not significantly different from those of Jian carp, suggesting that Jinbian carp could adapt to the two culture modes as other common carp.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 509-516 [
Abstract
] (
217
)
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242
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517
Effects of Dietary Protein Levels on Growth Performance of Catfish-like Loach
Triplophysa orientalis
WANG Wanliang, SHI Haina, ZENG Benhe, WANG Jinlin, ZHANG Qingyu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.007
A feeding trail was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on the growth performance of catfish-like loach
Triplophysa orientalis
. In total, 540 individuals of catfish-like loach with initial body weight of (18.36±0.91) g were randomly divided into 6 groups with 3 replicates per group and 30 fish per replicate and fed six diets containing 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45% protein for 60 d. The results showed that food ingestion rate (FR) of catfish-like loach was increased first and then tended to be stable with increase in dietary protein level. The quadratic polynomial regression analysis revealed that the maximal FR was found in catfish-like loach fed the diet containing protein level of 40.77%. The weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) were found to be increased at first and then tended to be stable with increase in dietary protein levels. The broken line simulation of the WGR and SGR showed that the catfish-like loach had no longer significantly increase in WGR and SGR at dietary protein levels varying from 32.48% to 33.64%. The nitrogen intake and absolute nitrogen intake of catfish-like loach were increased with increase in dietary protein level and protein efficiency rate (PER) increased first and then decreased, with the maximal PER in the catfish-like loach fed the diet containing protein levels 27.17% by the quadratic polynomial regression analysis. However, broken line simulation indicated that the food conversion ratio (FCR) of catfish-like loach was decreased first and then tended to be stable with increase in dietary protein level, with the minimal FCR at dietary protein level of 29.37%. There were no significant differences in survival rate (SR), condition factor (CF), viscera-somatic index (VSI) and hepaticsomatic index (HSI) among the test groups. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of the FR, WGR, SGR, PER and FCR revealed that the optimal dietary protein level for catfish-like loach is of 27.17%—33.64%. The findings are intended to provide theoretical basis for the scientific allocation of artificial diets in catfish-like loach.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 517-523 [
Abstract
] (
176
)
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(1259 KB) (
159
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524
Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Kuruma Prawn
Marsupenaeus japonicus
Based on Mitochondrial Cytb and D-Loop Sequences
DU Jinghao, WANG Weifeng, CHEN Xiuli, HOU Chunxiu, WANG Huanling
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.008
About 20 samples of kuruma prawn
Marsupenaeus japonicus
were collected from 5 coastal waters of Zhoushan, Fuzhou, Xiamen, Beihai and Zhanjiang in Zhejiang Province, Fujian Province, Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from August 2018 to March 2019, respectively,and the genetic structure and variation of these five populations were analyzed by mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and DNA control region in muscle of the sixth pleopod to understand the current status of germplasm resources of kuruma prawn in China. Cytb and D-Loop sequences in five populations of kuruma prawn revealed that the A+T content was 60.65% and 82.54%, significantly higher than that of C+G (39.35% and 17.46%). 76 and 75 parsimony informative sites, 55 and 78 of haplotypes were also detected, with haplotype diversity of 0.969 in Cytb and 0.995 in D-Loop, and nucleotide diversity of 0.033 in Cytb and 0.036 in D-Loop. The genetic distance within the populations was varied from 0.004 to 0.022 and 0.005 to 0.017, and the genetic distance among populations was between 0.007 to 0.068 in Cytb and 0.012 to 0.075 in D-Loop. Molecular variance variation analysis showed that inter-population variation was the main source of variation, accounting for 70.01% and 74.39% of the total variation. The haplotype Neighbor-joining tree revealed that Beihai and Zhanjiang populations were clustered together, and the other three populations were clustered into one branch, indicating that the identical system showed different degrees of differentiation. The population demographic analyses revealed that these populations remained relatively stable and had not experienced genetic bottleneck effects and significant expansion. These findings indicated that the five populations of kuruma prawn were more differentiated and had higher genetic diversity, as higher polymorphisms of haplotypes and nucleotides.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 524-531 [
Abstract
] (
190
)
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229
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532
Starvation and Determination of Point of No Return in
Schizothorax prenanti
Larvae
ZHANG Jianming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.009
The same batch of newly hatched
Schizothorax prenanti
larvae were reared in a glass fiber tank (2.0 m × 0.8 m × 0.6 m) and 5 days later, one day before initial feeding, randomly divided into group A in which the 6 day old postlarvae were fed fairy shrimp (
Artemia salina
), group B and group C, both of which the postlarvae were fasten, at density of 500 larvae per tank at water temperature of 17.3—21.5 ℃ to investigate the effects of starvation on growth, development, survival, yolk sac absorption, food intake and feeding intensity of the larvae and to determine point of no return (PNR) (the age when the initial feeding rate of larvae was lower than 50% of the maximum initial feeding rate) for better understanding of recruitment and protection of the population of
S. prenanti
. The results showed that the starved larvae had significantly lower growth index of total length, body length, body height and body length before an anus and development of tissues and organs such as eye diameter and sputum of the larvae (
P
<0.01). The transitional period was found in 7 day old larvae of
S. prenanti
. The postlarvae had initial feeding rate of about 15%, the maximum value of 100% in 13 day and 14 day old larvae, and the 17-day-old larvae had the PNR. The cumulative mortality of 50% was observed in 19 day old larvae starved, after PNR. The findings indicated that the
S. prenanti
larvae had strong hunger tolerance, and the best feeding time at 9 days old, and the latest initial feeding within 15 days old.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 532-538 [
Abstract
] (
157
)
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202
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539
Effects of Allicin on Growth and Disease Resistance in Turbot
LI Huitao, HUANG Bin, LIU Baoliang, LIU Bin, WANG Weifang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.010
Juvenile turbot (
Scophthalmus maximus
) with body weight of (8.12±0.03) g was reared in cement ponds of each 5.0 m × 5.0 m × 0.6 m at stocking density of 3600 individuals per pond and fed diets containing 0 (control), 100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg diet allicin at water temperature of 13—15 ℃ and a salinity of 30 for 6 weeks. At the end of the feeding trial, pathogen
Vibrio anguillarum
was injected intraperitoneally into the turbot for 14 days to infect; after 24 hours of starvation, the sample fish was weighed and blood was collected from caudal peduncle vein to determine the content of complement C3, and the activities of lysozyme and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in serum to explore the effects of allicin on the growth, non-specific immunity and disease resistance of turbot. It was found that the specific growth rate was increased with the increasing level of dietary allicin, significantly higher in the juveniles fed diets containing allicin up to 200 mg/kg and over than that in the juveniles in control group (
P
<0.05). The fish fed control diet had significantly lower survival rate than the fish in other groups did (
P
<0.05). The food conversion ratio was shown to be decreased with the increase in dietary allicin, significantly lower than that in the 100 mg/kg group, and stable in the dietary allicin up to 200 mg/kg group. Serum complement C3 contents were increased with the increasing level of dietary allicin from 0 to 400 mg/kg, with the maximal C3 contents in 200 and 400 mg/kg groups, significantly higher than any other groups (
P
<0.05). The lysozyme and SOD activities in serum were found to be increased with the increasing level of dietary allicin, without significant increase in dietary allicin up to 400 mg/kg group. The challenge test indicated that the infection mortalities in treatment of 400 and 800 mg allicin/kg diet were significantly lower than that in any other treatments (
P
<0.05). Therefore, it is recommended that 200 mg/kg diet be essential to maintain the optimal growth for the juvenile turbot, and 400 mg/kg diet leads to improve nonspecific immunity and ability to fight enteritis more effectively.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 539-544 [
Abstract
] (
198
)
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(1 KB)
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226
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545
Microscopic Observation of Chromatophores in Skin, Scale, and Fin of Mandarinfish
Siniperca chuatsi
WU Minglin, CHEN Xiaowu, CUI Kai, LI Haiyang, HOU Guanjun, JIANG Yangyang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.011
The types, distribution, and morphological characteristics of chromatophores were histologically observed in skin, scale, and fin of 1 year old mandarinfish
Siniperca chuatsi
with body weight of 500 g by frozen section and routine HE staining section under a light microscope. Longitudinal sections of skin showed that there were primarily melanophores in the head posterior to eye, the black spot at body side, and the lower part at body side. The throat and abdomen mainly contained iridophores. Transverse microscopic observation of skin showed that the melanophores on the surface of skin were aggregated into a mass or a lump, with granular xanthophores, and long fusiform iridophores. Under HE staining, the melanophores in skin were brown and black in color and lumpy in shape, and the iridophores were light gray in color. The skin pigment layers were mainly distributed between the epidermis layer and the dermis loose layer, on the dermis dense layer connected with the muscle, with a small number of chromatophores distributed in the fibrous tissue of the dermis loose layer. In scales, the melanophores and xanthophores were mainly found in the head posterior to eye, the black spot at body side, and the lower part at body side. No or a small number of melanophores and xanthophores were observed in the transparent throat and abdomen. The melanophores on scale had a large cell body containing many thin branches, and the xanthophores were granular. There were melanophores and xanthophores in fins, with significant differences in the proportion, size, and coloration in different parts. In the long-term evolution process, the stripes and patterns with unique characteristics of mandarinfish are formed by the different blending ratios and colorations of melanophores, xanthophores, and iridophores, which are conducive to hiding and predation, and have a certain degree of ornamental value.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 545-552 [
Abstract
] (
272
)
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(1 KB)
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(6793 KB) (
261
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553
Microbial Community Structure in Sediments in an Intensive Grass Carp
Ctenopharyngodon idellus
Culture Pond
ZHANG Haixin, FU Huiyun, ZHANG Yanping, ZHANG Aifang, TAO Zhiying, WANG Sheng, YU Zhijie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.012
The microflora community structure of sediment was monthly determined and analyzed in the samples of surface sediment (about 200 g) collected in three intensive grass carp
(Ctenopharyngodon idellus
) culture ponds in Jiangxiang Town, Nanchang County, Jiangxi Province from April to November 2018 by Peterson mud collector by the Illumina MiSeq sequencing technique. It was found that the microflora in all samples were classified into 54—60 phyla, among which Proteobacteria was the maximal dominant phyla, and the other dominant phyla were varied with months. There was no significant difference in the structure of microbial community in each month, while the main species were different in October from other months, with the peak of species abundance in May and November, and the maximal diversity in May. The core species included the anaerobic bacteria
Geobacter
and
Anaeromyxobacter
, and the facultative anaerobes
Desulfatlans, Candidatus Competibacter, Dechloromonas
and
Crenothrix
. These species bacteria reduced organic matter and sulfide under anaerobic or low dissolved oxygen conditions. Except in October, no significant difference in core species was observed in all months. However, the abundance of species is varied with month. In conclusion, the microflora structure in intensive grass carp culture pond sediments was relatively stable, with slow successive evolution, and increase in bottom dissolved oxygen level is the most important measure to repair the pond environment.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 553-559 [
Abstract
] (
185
)
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(1 KB)
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(2244 KB) (
193
)
560
Variation of Three Genes in
White spot syndrome virus
in Some Areas of China in 2017
LIU Xiaoping, CAI Miao, LIU Qinghui, WAN Xiaoyuan, HUANG Jie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.013
White spot syndrome virus
(WSSV), as a high pathogenic agent, is widely prevalent in China, Southeast Asian, India and South America. In this study, 44 WSSV-positive individuals were collected from the area of Hebei province, Zhejiang province, Shandong province, Shanghai, Fujian province and Guangdong province from February to June of 2017 and DNA of the samples was extracted and specific primers for three pairs of variable regions were designed to understand the variation of the WSSV. The samples were subjected to PCR amplification of wsv-pol, wsv313, and wsv150, and the specifically amplified bands were purified using a gel recovery kit, ligated into the pMD
©
18-T vector, transformed into DH5α competent cells, screened for positive clones and sequenced. The results showed that there were a total of 12 positive samples in the amplification of wsv-pol, with detection rate of 27%. The positive samples all showed a single glycine deletion at position 164, and there were also amino acid substitutions in individual samples. Amino acid alignments showed that there was no significant variation in wsv-pol. For wsv313, twelve positive samples were also found in the PCR amplification. Among the 9 positive samples, a proline was inserted at the 280th position. There were two samples which the aspartic acid was mutated to glycine at the position of 64.There were a total of 8 positive samples in the amplification of wsv150, with detection rate of some 18%. Analysis of its nucleotide sequence revealed that the positive samples were only inserted base T at position of 587. The amino acid sequence alignment showed that the positive samples all had 106 large fragment amino acid deletions posterior to the 200th position, with amino acid substitutions at positions 196, 197, 198, and 199. The amino acid sequence showed a large degree of variation, without regional differences. The findings provided the data for etiology of WSSV.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 560-566 [
Abstract
] (
153
)
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(1 KB)
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(1584 KB) (
145
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567
Analysis of Growth Characteristics of Largemouth Bass
Micropterus salmoides
in a Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS
HAN Xiaolei, WANG Hao, GAO Junjie, SUN Yuxiang, ZHANG Yaowen, GU Xiaoding, XU Jianrong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.014
Largemouth bass
Micropterus salmoides
with body weight of (4.6±0.30) g was raised in four 60 m
3
ponds with recirculating water at stocking density of 67 individuals/m
3
, and fed special floating formulated diet for 195 d at water temperature of 17.3—28.0 ℃ to explore the growth characteristics of largemouth bass in a recirculating aquaculture system (RAS). The cultured largemouth bass had average body weight of (303.14±73.17) g and average body length of (26.76±3.13) cm in the RAS. The relationship between body weight and age was expressed as exponential equation as
m
=0.0651
t
1.6147
, r
2
=0.9974, with average specific growth rate of 0.46% in body weight, and the average daily body weight gain of (1.82±0.57) g. The linear relationship between body length and age was described as
L
=0.0961
t
+9.1442, r
2
=0.9766, with average instantaneous growth rate of 0.15% in body length, and the average body length growth of (0.10±0.04) cm. The relationship between body weight and body length was in accordance with the power function at
m
=0.0132
L
3.0455
, r
2
=0.9828. In RAS, the largemouth bass had basically the same relative weight gain and specific growth rate, and significantly lower growth at water temperature of below 20 °C. The findings indicated that largemouth bass was suitable for aquaculture in RAS, with good growth rate and development prospects.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 567-572 [
Abstract
] (
234
)
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(1 KB)
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(1180 KB) (
857
)
573
Effects of Shell Phenotypic Traits on Body Weight of Clam
Lutraria sieboldii
ZOU Jie,PENG Huijing, ZHANG Shoudu, ZHANG Yue, YANG Jialin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.015
Shell length (
x
1
), shell height (
x
2
), shell width (
x
3
), shell weight (
x
4
), body weight (
y
1
) and soft part weight (
y
2
) were measured in 150 samples of clam
Lutraria sieboldii
randomly collected from the 20-month-old population bred in 2 generations and cultured in the 5—7 m-deep sediment tidal zone and correlated by path analysis to evaluate the effects of shell phenotypic traits on body weight of the clam. It was found that the maximal coefficient of variance was in shell weight, with very significant difference in correlation coefficients between the phenotypic traits among the phenotypic parameters of the clam(
P
＜0.01),followed by the correlation coefficients between body weight and shell weight and soft-body weight (over 0.850). The multiple regression analysis indicated that shell weight had a major effect on body weight traits of the clam, with the path coefficient of 0.369 between shell weight and body weight, and larger path coefficient of up to 0.657 between shell weight and shell length. The effect of shell weight on soft part weight was reduced, with path coefficient of 0.436 between shell weight and body weight, 0.086 higher than that between shell weight and shell length, greater direct effect of shell weight than the indirect effect. The regression equation was expressed as
y
1
=-14.769+0.613
x
1
+2.002
x
4
(r
2
=0.806) between shell length (
x
1
) and shell weight (
x
4
) to body weight (
y
1
) and
y
2
=-0.980+0.281
x
1
+0.500
x
4
(r
2
=0.549) between soft part weight (
y
2
), r
2
<0.850, indicating that other factors had a impact on body weight traits. The findings provide basic data for the selection of traits for clam
L. sieboldii
.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 573-578 [
Abstract
] (
169
)
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579
Microbial Diversity in Intestinal Tract of Wild and Cultured Puffer
Takifugu
bimaculatus
Based on 16S rRNA Gene Sequence
LEI Yang, WANG Songgang, CHEN Yu, JIANG Yao, ZHENG Yi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.016
The V3—V4 regions of 16S rRNA were sequenced in the intestinal contents of wild puffer
Takifugu bimaculatus
collected from Tong'an sea area, Xiamen, China and cultured puffer by Through Illumina Miseq PE300 high throughput to explore the community structure of intestinal microorganisms. A total of 99500 superior sequences were obtained from six samples and the cluster analysis with 97% similarity showed that the number of OTU was 524 with unique OTU of 68 in wild puffer and 576 in cultured puffer with unique OTU of 120. Alpha diversity analysis was carried out from the calculation results of 4 indices (Chao1, observed-species, PD-whole-tree and Shannon). The results showed that there were higher diversity and richness of bacteria in cultured puffer
than those in wild puffer. From the data in the phylum level
Proteobacteria
were of the dominant bacteria in wild and cultured puffer.
Shewanella
,
Propionigenium
,
Photobacterium
and
Pseudoalteromonas
producing tetrodotoxin were found in the wild puffer, and not found in the cultured puffer. The findings provided scientific evidence for exploring the toxicity-producing mechanism of tetrodotoxin, as the composition of dominant microflora was revealed in intestinal microorganisms of wild and cultured puffer
.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 579-584 [
Abstract
] (
159
)
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(1 KB)
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208
)
585
Structural Analysis of Intestinal Microflora in Wild and Cultured
Schizothorax o'connori
WANG Jinlin, WANG Qielu, WANG Wanliang, ZENG Benhe, PAN Yingzi, ZHOU Jianshe
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.017
MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis were used to construct gene sequencing libraries of intestinal microflora structure in six samples in wild and cultured
Schizothorax o'connori
with body weight of about 1 kg
to compare diversity differences in structural and biological richness in intestinal microflora between wild and cultured
S. o'connori
. The results showed that the OTUs data of wild group samples Y1, Y2, Y3 and domesticated group samples C1, C2 and C3 were divided into 751, 469, 313, and 302, 259, 263, respectively, without significant difference in the richness and diversity of intestinal flora between wild and cultured animals (
P
>0.05).
Actinobacteria
and
Proteobacteria
were the dominant flora in the wild fish, while
Cyanobacteria
and
Proteobacteria
were the dominant flora in the cultured fish.
Micrococcus
and
Aeromonas
were the main taxonomic bacteria in the wild group, while
Cyanobacteria
were the main taxonomic bacteria in the cultured group. The findings provide a theoretical basis for the healthy culture of
S. o'connori
and the construction of micro-ecological control technology of culture environment.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 585-590 [
Abstract
] (
153
)
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(2266 KB) (
280
)
591
Detection Method of Hydrocortisone in Coelomic Fluid of Sea Cucumber
Apostichopus japonicus
LIU Guiying, TIAN Jin, XIAO Yao, WU Jinhao, SONG Lun, GAO Ying, WANG Zhisong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.018
In this paper, a ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linear ion trap mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS)method was established for the detection of hydrocortisone in coelomic fluid of juvenile and 3 year old sea cucumber
Apostichopus japonicus
. Extraction conditions and purification methods were optimized. Samples were extracted with 0.2% formic acid acetonitrile solution, and the extract was subjected to chromatographic separation on Captiva EMR-lipid solidphase extraction column. Quantification of the analytes was achieved by UPLC-MS using the external standard method, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.11 μg/kg, and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.35 μg/kg. The average recoveries of hydrocortisone in blank samples at spiked levels of 20, 40, and 100 μg/L were ranged from 77% to 105%. This method had the advantages of small matrix interference and accurate, which can satisfy detection of hydrocortisone in sea cucumber.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 591-595 [
Abstract
] (
147
)
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(1 KB)
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(2001 KB) (
362
)
596
Acute Toxicity of Four Drugs Used in Aquaculture to Juvenile Leech
Whitmania pigra
GUO Kun, LUO Mingzhong, RUAN Guoliang, WEI Wei, LI Rui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.019
Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China Juvenile leech
Whitmania pigra
with body weight of (0.062±0.006) g was placed in an 80 mesh bag of 10 cm×10 cm×5 cm fixed and submerged in a 40 cm×50 cm×30 cm plastic tank, and the acute toxicity of copper sulfate, povidone iodine, potassium permanganate and phoxim to juvenile leech was studied under water temperature of (25.0±1.5) ℃, pH 7.2—7.8 and dissolved oxygen level (DO) of (6.0±0.5) mg/L by a semi-static test method. The results showed that the 24 h median lethal concentration (LC
50
) was found to be 0.579 mg/L, with safe concentration of 0.053 mg/L for copper sulfate; 78.173 mg/L, with safe concentration of 15.367 mg/L, for povidone iodine; 3.956 mg/L, with safe concentration of 0.706 mg/L for potassium permanganate and 0.978 mg/L, with safe concentration of 0.183 mg/L for phoxim, the 48 h LC
50
0.389 mg/L for copper sulfate, 67.898 mg/L for povidone iodine, 3.327 mg/L for potassium permanganate and 0.836 mg/L for phoxim; the 72 h LC
50
0.280 mg/L for copper sulfate, 62.747 mg/L for povidone iodine, 2.703 mg/L for potassium permanganate and 0.611 mg/L for phoxim, and the 96 h LC
50
0.241 mg/L for copper sulfate, 56.058 mg/L for povidone iodine, 2.313 mg/L for potassium permanganate and 0.493 mg/L for phoxim. According to the toxic classification standards published by state environmental protection administration, copper sulfate and phoxim were within the high toxic substances,potassium permanganate was within the medium toxic substances, and povidone iodine belonged to the low toxic substances for juvenile leech.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 596-601 [
Abstract
] (
147
)
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(1 KB)
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(1029 KB) (
202
)
602
Analysis of Fatty Acid Composition in Muscle of Four Species of Lizardfishes (Synodontidae)
ZHUANG Haiqi, LIU Jiangqin, CUI Liao, LUO Hui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.020
Four species of lizardfishes, including
Saurida elongate
,
Saurida undosquamis
,
Synodus jaculum
and
Trachinocephalus myops
, were collected from Zhanjiang seas of Guangdong Province. Twenty-one fatty acids in muscle were determined by gas chromatography. The content of saturated fatty acid was 31.14%—42.16%, monounsaturated fatty acid was 11.73%—21.73%, and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was 31.64%—55.32%. The contents of omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids were 4.49%—9.77% and 22.61%—45.55%, respectively. The content of eicosapentenoic acid (EPA)+docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was as high as 30.49% in
Saurida undosquamis
and 42.32% in
Synodus jaculum
, and these two species of fish had high nutritional value of fatty acids. The correlation analysis between the main fatty acids of four species of lizardfish showed that C14:0 and C16:1, C14:0 and C18:1, C16:0 and C22:5(ω-3), C16:1 and C18:1, C18:1 and C22:5(ω-3) were significantly positively correlated; C14:0 and C20:4(ω-3), C16:1 and C20:4(ω-3), C14:0 and C22:6(ω-3), C16:1 and C22:6(ω-3), C18:1 and C22:6(ω-3), C22:5(ω-3) and C22:6(ω-3) were significantly negatively correlated. Cluster analysis exactly divides 4 species of lizardfish in the family into 3 categories (genera).
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 602-608 [
Abstract
] (
147
)
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(1 KB)
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(1232 KB) (
308
)
609
Determination of Residues of Four Antiviral Drugs in Fish and Shrimp by Ultra High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry
ZHANG Yukun, LIU Zhenxian, XU Ge, ZHENG Xiaoying, LIU Jinxin, MIAO Xiaoqun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.021
An efficient ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was established for the simultaneous analysis of residues of 4 antiviral drugs ( amantadine, rimantadine, morpholine, and memantine) in fish and shrimp. Samples were extracted with 1% trichloroacetic acid and 1% acetic acid acetonitrile (1∶9,
V/V
), purified by PSA powder, C18 powder, neutral alumina dispersed solid phase extraction. Quantifification of the analytes was achieved by UPLC-MS/MS using the internal standard method. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantifification (LOQ) of the method were lower than 0.8 μg/kg and 1.0 μg/kg for all the antiviral drugs, respectively. The average recoveries of 4 antiviral drugs in blank fish and shrimp at spiked levels of 1.0, 10.0, and 50.0 μg/kg ranged from 86.0% to 98.5%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of less than 8%. The method is featured by small matrix interference, high sensitivity and good recovery rate, and can be used for residue detection of antiviral drugs in daily fish and shrimp samples.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 609-614 [
Abstract
] (
142
)
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(1 KB)
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(2531 KB) (
250
)
615
Genetic Diversity Analysis of Successive Generations of Red Claw Crayfish
Cherax quadricarinatus
in Different Breeding Areas in China
PENG Gang, XU Yu, ZHANG Yan, WANG Jing, HUANG Hongbing, YAN Weihui, XU Zhiqiang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.022
To evaluate the genetic diversity of red claw crayfish
Cherax quadricarinatus
in different breeding farms in China, 180 individuals of six breeding groups (Fuyang in Anhui, Huzhou in Zhejiang, Zhuhai in Guangdong, Zhenjiang in Jiangsu, Chengmai in Hainan, and Suzhou in Jiangsu) were cloned based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit Ⅰ gene (COⅠ). Sequence alignment showed that there were 56 variable sites and 16 parsimony-informative sites in total 831 sites. The content of (G+C) was lower (39.765%), showing obvious bias of base composition. Ten haplotypes were detected among the 180 samples. Haplotype H1 found most frequently was shared by the populations from Fuyang, Zhuhai, Zhenjiang, Chengmai and Suzhou. Haplotype diversity index was 0.693 and nucleotide diversity index was 0.00652, indicating that the genetic diversity index of total samples was high. Suzhou population had the highest haplotype diversity index (0.964) while Chengmai population had the lowest haplotype diversity index (0.618) among the six populations. The genetic distance between Chengmai and Fuyang populations was higher than those of others while between Zhuhai and Suzhou is the lowest among the six red claw crayfish groups. The findings indicated that there was high level genetic diversity in red claw crayfish, there were also some gene exchanges among populations. This study has accumulated data for the development and utilization of domestic red claw crayfish germplasm resources.
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 615-619 [
Abstract
] (
161
)
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(1 KB)
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(1016 KB) (
282
)
OverviewandSpecificTopic
620
Research Progress on Genetic Linkage Map Construction and Mapping of QTL in Fish: a Review
CHEN Junping, HU Yujie, WANG Lei, TIAN Xue, LI Xuejun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.023
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 620-630 [
Abstract
] (
229
)
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(1 KB)
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(1134 KB) (
592
)
631
Overview of Plasmid Media Quinolone Resistance in Bacteria from Aquatic Animals
WU Ganlin, DENG Yuting, JIANG Lan, TAN Aiping, ZHAO Fei , ZHANG Ruiquan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.2020.04.024
2020 Vol. 39 (4): 631-638 [
Abstract
] (
196
)
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(1 KB)
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(1066 KB) (
405
)
