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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2021 Vol. 40, No. 1
Published: 2021-01-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
1 Characterization, Expression and Function of SARM in Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
SUN Hongjuan, CHEN Zhong, HE Di, GAO Shan, WANG Bai, GUAN Xiaoyan, JIANG Jingwei, DONG Ying, ZHOU Zunchun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20020
SARM, an adaptor of MyD88 independent signal pathway, was cloned in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, named AjSARM by RACE method. The full length of AjSARM was 3874 bp with an ORF of 2412 bp encoding 803 amino acids. Structure prediction by SMART indicated that AjSARM contained two sterile motifs (SAM) and a C-terminal TIR domain. Quantitative real-time PCR was selected to examine AjSARM expression at different developmental stages of sea cucumber. AjSARM was rapidly up-regulated from auricularia at nervous development stage. It was indicated that AjSARM played an important role in the process of development. After four pathogens stimulus, the expression of AjSARM was inhibited at 4 h and 24 h in the groups of Vibrio splendidus, Pseudoalteromonas nigrifacien and Shewanella baltica chanlenged, but upregulated at 24 h in Bacillus cereus group. Except in S. baltica group, AjSARM reached top expression level all in other three groups at 96 h. The dynamic expression patterns of AjSARM at different times in response to different pathogens proved that it participated in the immune reaction in sea cucumber coelomocytes. The structure and expression analyses of AjSARM help to explore its functions as an adaptor and will lay foundations for the evolution study of immune system in echinoderm and disease prevention in sea cucumber.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 1-9 [Abstract] ( 341 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3527 KB)  ( 227 )
10 Monthly Recapture Rate and Reproductive Contribution Rate of Released Swimming Crab
LIU Binwei, LIU Shuai, JIANG Jieming, WENG Xinzhi, YANG Yanyi, WU Mingming, LIU Wenlei, WANG Ziwei, WANG Lianshun, LIU Qi, QIN Yuxue
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19246
In June 2015, approximately 5 million C2 juveniles of swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus artificially bred were released into the coastal waters of Panjin, Liaoning province, and then 1671 samples of swimming crab were captured in the cage net along the coast of Panjin from July 28th to October 3rd of the year, and their claw were cut, muscles were stripped, and DNA was extracted to be used for paternity testing by microsatellite DNA molecular markers. It was found that 120 individuals of the released crabs had monthly recapture rate of 2.61%—16.43%. Twenty-two female samples of swimming crab were detected to have offsprings in 1671 recapture swimming crab, accounting for 44% of the total female samples examined. There were 87 recaptured crabs which were derived from 3 female stocks released, with the reproductive contribution rate of other female representing only 0.83%—4.17%. Genetic analysis indicated that the female broodstock swimming crab used in this breeding and releasing had high genetic diversity. The findings will improve understanding of the stock enhancement of swimming crab, and provide useful guidance for scientific stock enhancement of this species.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 10-19 [Abstract] ( 263 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2819 KB)  ( 283 )
20 Edible Yield and Proximate Composition Analysis of Wild Male Adult Mitten Crab, Eriocheir sp. in Northern China
ZU Lu, YU Qiang, JIANG Xiaodong, CHENG Yongxu, WU Xugan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19125
The tissue coefficient, total edible yield (TEY), proximate composition and fatty acid composition of the edible tissues were investigated in wild male adult mitten handed crab, Eriocheir sp with body weight of 80—160 g collected from Suifen River, Tumen River and Liaohe River in October 2017. Results showed that there were significantly differences in gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HIS) and meat yield (MY) among the three wild populations (P<0.05), without significant difference in TEY among the three geographical populations (P>0.05). There was the maximal moisture in the gonads, in the Tumen River population, maximal lipid content in the Suifen River population, and the maximal protein and ash content in the Liaohe River population (P<0.05). The crab in the Liaohe River population had significantly higher hepatopancreatic moisture than the other two geographical populations did, and significantly lower ash content than the crab in the other two populations did (P<0.05). There was significantly higher lipid content in the hepatopancreas in the Suifen River population than that in the other two populations (P<0.05). The crab in the Suifen River population had the minimal moisture and the maximal protein, lipid and ash contents in the muscle. The minimal lipid content was observed in the muscle in the crab in the Tumen River population, and the minimal protein and ash contents in muscle tissues was found in the Liaohe River population. There was the maximal total long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (∑LC-PUFA) content in the testis in the Suifen River population, while there were the minimal ∑LC-PUFA contents in both hepatopancreas and muscle tissues in the Tumen River population (P<0.05). The minimal n-3/n-6 value in edible tissues was found in the Liaohe River population, and the maximal n-3/n-6 value in edible tissues in the Tumen River population. In conclusion, there is no significant difference in the mean TEY of the males among the three wild populations, with significant differences in proximate composition and fatty acid contents in edible tissues among the three different geographical populations.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 20-28 [Abstract] ( 196 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1441 KB)  ( 249 )
29 Effects of Two Warming Patterns on Respiratory Metabolism and Immune-related Enzyme Activities of Ark Shell Scapharca subcrenata
QIN Yiming, CHEN Limei, LI Li, LIU Lihua, GUO Yongjun, GAO Jinwei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19224
The effects of changes in temperature on physiological and biochemical activities of ark shell Scapharca subcrenata were studied in a laboratory. Ark shell was held at sea water temperature of 15 ℃ for 2 weeksand then divided into two groups: in one group the ark shell was directly moved into a tank at 19 ℃, 23 ℃ and 27 ℃, and in the other group the ark shell was slowly exposed to the same temperature at a warming rate of 1 ℃/12 h. It was found that the oxygen consumption rates and ammonia excretion rates of ark shell were increased first and then decreased with the increase in seawater temperature within the experimental temperature, with the maximal values at 23 ℃. The ark shell had the maximal oxygen consumption Q10 and ammonia excretion Q10 at 19—23 ℃, and had the minimal O∶N ratio at 19 ℃, under the rapid and slow warming patterns. Under the rapid warming pattern, activities of catalase(CAT), superoxide dismutase(SOD), acid phosphatase(ACP), and lysozyme(LSZ) were increased at first and decreased afterwards in ark shell exposed to high temperature (23 ℃ or 27 ℃) for 96 h and reached the maximum at 6 h (P<0.05). There was more obvious effect on physiological and biochemical activities of ark shell under sudden warming than under slow warming. The findings will help to clarify the mechanism of temperature changes on physiological and biochemical activities of ark shell and provide reference data for the cultivation and production of ark shell.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 29-36 [Abstract] ( 168 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1579 KB)  ( 151 )
37 Isolation, Identification and Effects of a Strain of Yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa on Survival and Metamorphosis of Larval Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
NING Weimin, WEN Chongqing, HUANG Xuemin, LIU Jingwang, CHEN Jieshi, LYU Jiewei, LIANG Huafang, XUE Ming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19251
Red yeast was isolated from the intestines of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon, mussel Perna viridis, scallop Mimachlamys nobilis and doctor fish Siganus fuscescens in Zhanjiang, Guangdong province, by streak plate method or dilution method, and the representative strains were identified by the 5.8S-ITS and 26S rRNA gene sequencing analysis after typing with the morphology and carbon source utilization characteristics. Then, the intermittent starvation stress test was conducted to compare the effect of the representative strains on survival of nauplius Ⅵ and ZoeaⅡof Pacific white shrimp to screen the optimal strains. Furthermore, the effects of the target strain on larval survival and metamorphosis were investigated with four administration modes including single low-dose, multiple low-dosage, single high-dosage, and multiple high-dosage inoculations from nauplius Ⅵ, as well as single high-dosage inoculation only at nauplius Ⅳ (early inoculation). The results showed that a total of 19 strains of red yeast were isolated and divided into six types according to the morphology and carbon source utilization characteristics, with six representative strains (designated as RY1—RY6). RY2, RY3, RY4 and RY5 were all identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, while RY1 and RY6 were referred as R. diobovata and Cystobasidium slooffiae, respertively. Under intermittent starvation test, there was significantly higher survival rate of ZoeaⅡ exposed to strains RY1—RY5 than that in the control group (P<0.05), especially, significantly higher in RY4 group than in other strain groups (P<0.05). Significantly higher metamorphosis was observed in the zoea exposed to RY4 strain in three high-dose groups including the early, single, and multiply inoculation groups compared with the control group (P<0.05), without significant impact on larval survival for any of the treatment groups (P>0.05). Notably, there was a positive correlation between the larval survival of mysis Ⅰ and the yeast content in water under nutrient restriction condition. In conclusion, strain RY4 as R. mucilaginosa generally found in guts of marine economic animals from Zhanjiang can significantly improve the survival of Pacific white shrimp larvae under starvation stress. During shrimp larviculture, inoculating RY4 at multiple high-dose or at single high-dose at the early nursing stage such as nauplius Ⅳ can effectively promote larval metamorphosis, and larval survival under nutrient shortage.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 37-45 [Abstract] ( 190 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1468 KB)  ( 188 )
46 Growth Characteristics of Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii in Greenhouses and Rice Fields in Hubei Area
ZHANG Long, LUO Lingchen, OUYANG Haofeng, WU Ming, LI Yanhe
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19164
The growth characteristics of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii were studied in a greenhouse and a rice field, and the growth differences between male and female crayfish were compared in 599 samples collected from December 2018 to March 2019 in the greenhouse and in rice field by morphometrical measurement including body weight (y), total length (x1), carapace length (x2), carapace width (x3), total abdomen segment length (x4), first abdominal segment length (x5), first abdominal segment width (x6), caudal segment length (x7), sixth abdominal segment length (x8), sixth segment abdominal width (x9) and cheliped length (x10) to provide a theoretical basis for culture of the crayfish and the monoculture. The results showed that the total length and body weight were expressed as a power function regression as m=0.0209L3.1132 in greenhouses and rice fields. The best growth was observed in red swamp crayfish in greenhouse and rice fields from February to March, with the poorest growth in January. There was higher growth index in greenhouse than that in rice field during all periods, higher as twice body weight in greenhouse as that in rice field by March. During the lower temperature period from December to February, the average body weight increase rate of red swamp crayfish in greenhouse was 14.00％ higher than that in rice field,with 3.96％ higher in total length rate. The male red swamp crayfish had slightly higher body weight in the greenhouse than the female did in each period, without significant difference (P>0.05). Among all the growth indicators, male was always larger than female in only cheliped length, and there was significant difference between male and female after December 2018 (P<0.01).
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 46-54 [Abstract] ( 209 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1161 KB)  ( 237 )
55 Morphological Description and Phylogeny of Tilapia Parasitic Cichlidogyrus
RONG Mengjie, KADIR Kadirdir, ZHANG Wenrun, YUE Cheng, HAO Cuilan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19267
From November 2018 to May 2019, during the investigation of fish parasites in the markets and farms around rümqi City, it was found that there were a large number of Ancyrocephalidae in the gills of tilapia in different regions. After dye observation,the structure of the copulatory organs and haptors were mapped, measured and compared. At the same time, three molecular markers (28S, 18S-ITS1-5.8S and COⅠ) were selected for amplification, cloning and sequencing and phylogenetic analysis was carried out with ribosomal RNA and related species. The results showed that the morphological characteristics preliminarily identified the anchored worm as Ancyrocephalidae, Cichlidogyrus sclerosus (MJ 12) and C. mbirizei (MJ 23 or MJ 33) in Cichlidogyrus. The 28S, 18S-ITS1-5.8S and COⅠ sequence fragment size of MJ12 were 863 bp, 1019 bp and 592 bp, respectively, the similarities with C. sclerosus published in Genbank were above 99.5%; the 28S, 18S-ITS1-5.8S and COⅠsequences of MJ23 were 863 bp, 1005 bp and 572 bp, respectively, the similarity between MJ23 and C. mbirizei in GenBank was over 94%, and the similarity between MJ23 and C. cirratus was over 99.3%. According to the ML tree and genetic matrix constructed based on ribosomal RNA, MJ12 and Chitin cichlids from different regions are clustered together, and the genetic distance was 0; the topological structure formed by MJ 23 or MJ 33 and the C. mbirizei in Brazil and the C. cirratus had a self-expanding value of 99% and 100%, with genetic distance of 0.000—0.003, consistent with the morphological result.The findings supplemented the domestic molecular data of the worm, and also supported the viewpoint of the classification of synonymy species of C. mbirizei and C. cirratus.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 55-63 [Abstract] ( 195 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3371 KB)  ( 266 )
64 Characterization and Expression Profiles of Three Interleukin Genes in Tiger Puffer Takifugu rubripes
YANG Xu, WU Dongshu, HUA Xintong, LI Rong, LYU Wei, JIANG Chen
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20023
The sequence characteristics of the interleukin genes IL-1b, IL-8 and IL-10 were investigated in tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes with body weight of (190.34±2.13) g, and the expression of interleukin genes was detected in the brain, gills, heart, muscle, liver and spleen of tiger puffer. Changes in expression level of the interleukin genes IL-1b, IL-8 and IL-10 in liver and spleen were monitored in tiger puffer injected with Vibrio harveyi solution at a dose of 0.1 mL/individual at a concentration of 1×107 cells/mL 0 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after administration. It was found that the sequence length was 771 bp in IL-1b, 822 bp in IL-8 and 844 bp in IL-10. The three genes were all expressed in heart, brain, gills, muscle, liver, and spleen of normal tiger puffer, significantly higher expression levels in the liver and spleen (P<0.05). In the challenged tiger puffer, IL-1b gene was shown to be significantly elevated expression level in the liver at 12 h, and in the spleen at 12 h and 48 h post infection with V. harveyi (P<0.05). IL-8 gene expression level was increased significantly in the liver and the spleen at 12 h and 24 h (P<0.05); while IL-10 gene was shown to be significantly expressed in the liver at 24 h, and 48 h, and spleen at 12 h and 48 h (P<0.05). The analysis of sequence characteristics and expression profiles of IL-1b, IL-8 and IL-10 genes in tiger puffer for the first time provided experimental information for the prokaryotic expression and recombinant proteins activities study of these genes, and the foundation for the application of healthy cultivation of tiger puffer.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 64-71 [Abstract] ( 194 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2241 KB)  ( 176 )
72 Cloning and Expression Response of PcCyc Gene to Photoperiod in Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii
XIE Wei, JIANG Qichen, SUN Bin, YANG Ying, LI Peng, YAN Jie, ZHOU Kaiya
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19212
In this study, a partial cDNA sequence of cycle gene (PcCyc), one of the core genes of the circadian clock, was cloned from red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii with body length of 9—11 cm by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology, and then the mRNA expression levels of PcCyc gene were detected in brain, eye stalk and hepatopancreas of the red swamp crayfish exposed to various photoperiods of 12L∶12D, 0L∶24D, and 0L∶72D under full-spectrum fluorescent lamps at 7:00, 11:00, 15:00, 19:00, 23:00, 03:00 and 7:00 the next day by real-time quantitative PCR. The results showed that the mRNA of PcCyc gene had a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 2010 base pairs encoding 669 amino acids, and the amino acid sequence of PcCYC had the maximal similarity (94%) to that of the red claw crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, with the protein molecular weight of about 73.963 ku, the theoretical isoelectric point of 6.56, which is a hydrophobic non-secreted protein with no signal peptide. The structural domain analysis revealed that there were a BHLH/PAS domain, including one HLH domain and two PAS domains in the PcCYC protein, with secondary structure of 11 alpha-helices, 12 beta-sheets, and 24 random coils. The PcCyc gene was shown to be 24-hour rhythm fluctuation in both eyestalk and hepatopancreas, no matter what photoperiod was. However, the rhythmic fluctuation was broken in the brain as the photoperiod changed. The findings provide the foundation for further exploration of the role and mechanism of the Cyc gene in circadian clock of the red swamp crayfish.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 72-80 [Abstract] ( 175 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5449 KB)  ( 303 )
81 Nutrient Requirement of Kelp Laminaria hyperborea Seedlings for Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Iron
DU Xinxin, LIU Fuli, YUAN Yanmin, LIANG Zhourui, ZHANG Pengyan, LIU Shengping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19226
Kelp Laminaria hyperborea seedlings with length of 35 cm were cultivated in filtered and sterilized seawater in aeration at nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations [ρ(N)∶ρ(P)=10∶1] of 0 mg/L, 0.5 mg/L, 2 mg/L, 4 mg/L, 6 mg/L, 8 mg/L and 10 mg/L in NO3--N, with NaNO3 and KH2PO4 as nitrogen and phosphorus sources at water temperature of 9 ℃, and photoperiod of 12L∶12D. After 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h and 60 h, the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters including photosystem Ⅱ maximum fluorescence yield, and Fv/Fm and the apparent photosynthetic rates of seedlings were determined in 12 h, 24 h and 48 h cultivation. In another trial, the kelp seedlings were cultivated at Fe3+ concentration of 0 mg/L and 1 mg/L in NH4+-N (3 mg/L) groups and 0 mg/L, 0.2 mg/L, 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L NO3--N (3 mg/L) groups, with NaNO3 and NH4Cl as the nitrogen source, KH2PO4 as phosphorus source, and FeCl3 as iron source. Then concentrations of PO43--P, NO3-N, NH4+ -N and Fe3+ were analyzed in the seedling culture medium in 0 h, 4 h, 10 h, 24 h and 48 h and the relative growth rate, maximum fluorescence yield (Fv/Fm) of photosystem and Fe3+ concentration were measured in the kelp seedlings exposed to various concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus, and Fe3+ in 3 days to explore the optimal nutrient concentrations and to understand the interaction mechanism of the demand of Fe, N and P, the relative growth rate, the maximum quantum yield of (Fv/Fm) and apparent photosynthetic rate of the kelp seedlings under different nutrient concentrations. The results showed that there was significantly higher relative growth rate in the kelp seedlings exposed to 2—4 mg/L of NO3--N, and 0.2—0.4 mg/L of PO43--P, indicating that the concentration ranges of NO3--N and PO43--P was favorable for the seedling growth. The higher Fv/Fm and apparent photosynthetic rate were observed in the seedlings exposed to NO3--N concentration of 2—4 mg/L, and PO43--P concentration of 0.2—0.4 mg/L, indicating that the concentration range of NO3--N and PO43--P was favorable for photosynthesis. The good growth was found in the seedlings exposed to Fe3+ concentration of 0.2—1.0 mg/L, with the maximal relative growth rate at Fe3+ concentration of 1 mg/L. The appropriate iron concentration led to significant improvement of uptake of NO3--N and PO43--P by the seedling within 10 h, without significant effect in 24 h. At the same time, the absorption of iron by seedlings was basically saturated within 10 h, and the absorption of NO3--N and PO43-P was inhibited at iron concentration of 5 mg/L, without significant effect of addition of iron on absorption of NH4+-N (P>0.05).
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 81-88 [Abstract] ( 137 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1590 KB)  ( 191 )
89 Effects of Dietary Astaxanthin on Muscular Astaxanthin Content and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Tissues of Taimen Hucho taimen
ZHANG Liying, ZHAO Meng, LI Wentong, YUAN Ding, YANG Guiqiang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19167
Taimen Hucho taimen with body weight of (435.63±21.32) g was reared in a 6 m×2.5 m×1.2 m running water cement pond and fed diets containing synthetic astaxanthin at a dose of 100 mg/kg (control group) and natural astaxanthin derived from green alga Haematococcus pluvialis at a dose of 10, 20, 40, and 60 mg/kg at water temperature of 12 ℃ to 18 ℃, and astaxanthin content in muscle and the total antioxidant capacity and alkaline phosphatase activity in gills, liver, foregut, hindgut, pylorus, muscle, serum, and blood cells were detected in taimen once every two weeks in order to evaluate the effects of synthetic and natural astaxanthins on the muscle astaxanthin addition and the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in taimen. The results showed that there was significantly higher muscular astaxanthin content in the taimen in 20 mg/kg group and 40 mg/kg group than that in the control group (P<0.05), significantly higher in 40 mg/kg group than that in 20 mg/kg group (P<0.05). The T-AOC of liver, foregut, hindgut, pyloric, serum and plasma were shown to be significantly higher in the four test groups than that in the control group (P<0.05). The alkaline phosphatase activities in gill, hindgut, pyloric, muscle, serum and plasma were significantly higher in the test groups than that in the control group (P<0.05), significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity foregut, pyloric, muscle, serum and plasma in the 40 mg/kg group than those in other experimental groups (P<0.05). The findings indicate that, compared with the feed supplemented with 100 mg/kg synthetic astaxanthin, the diet supplemented with natural astaxanthin from 20 mg/kg to 40 mg/kg significantly improved the muscular astaxanthin content, and increase significantly the T-AOC of gill, liver, foregut, hindgut, pyloric, serum, plasma, and increase significantly the alkaline phosphatase activities of gill, hindgut, pyloric, muscle, serum, plasma. It is recommended that amount of natural astaxanthin from H. pluvialis be 40 mg/kg in diet of taimen.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 89-95 [Abstract] ( 164 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3917 KB)  ( 220 )
96 Influences of Temperature on Blade Length and Width of Kelp Saccharina japonica from Juvenile Sporophyte Stage
WANG Xiangyu, SONG Hongze, XIN Meili, DING Gang, LYU Fang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19240
From 2014 to 2016,we chose "Benniu" strain of kelp Saccharina japonica as the research object. When the water temperature in S. japonica culture area was decreased to 19 ℃,the seedings were transferred in the sea of Yangyuchi bay in Rongcheng, temporarily cultured by the hanging method, regularly adjusted the cultured water layer and regularly swung. The mixed fertilizer of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate was applied to improve the quality of seedlings by hanging fertilization bag method. In mid-November, when the seedlings had blade length of 12—15 cm, the seedlings were dispersed and cultured in the best culture area by flat culture method. From mid-January of the following year, almost every half-month, the blade length and width of the kelp and the temperature and transparency of sea-water were measured. The aquaculture test showed that the lowest value of transparency appeared at water temperature of about 6 ℃, but the transparency value was not the same even at the same water temperature. The maximum value of blade length was found at 11—14 ℃, while the maximum value of width was observed at 13—15 ℃, 1—2 ℃ higher than the temperature of the maximum value of length, and the maximum absolute growth rate(AGR) of width at 6.5—8.0 ℃. There was a positive correlation between blade length and width in the vast majority of cases. The ratio value of blade length to width was 5.4—9.0 from mushroom stage to harvest stage, and the ratio value during the harvest stage was 6.8—8.7, but the same ratio value appeared at different water temperature. The findings will provide some references for kelp culture and main seaweed selection.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 96-102 [Abstract] ( 158 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1476 KB)  ( 192 )
103 In Vitro Killing of Ciliates and Toxicity of Compound Chinese Herbal Medicines to Turbot Scophthalmus maximus
QIN Zhihua, ZHANG Linlin, GUO Pei, RONG Rong, ZHANG Hui, ZHANG Lecui, SHAN Hu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19047
Ciliates Pseudocohnilemus persalinus and Uronema marinum were held in a 96-well cell culture plate containing 90 μL of solution of 3 compound Chinese herbal medicines including Compound Ⅰ: Mahonia, Phellodendron, Scutellaria barbata, Sophora flavescens, Stemona, and Areca; Compound Ⅱ: Rheum, Scutellaria, Chrysanthemum indicum, Fructus cnidii, pomegranate peel, and mume; and Compound Ⅲ: dice, dandelion, chrysanthemum, broccoli, Patrinia, Gentian, Houttuynia, and Artemisia annua, at a dose of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mg/kg, and 10 μL of centrifuged ciliates solution containing the ciliates at a density of 103 individuals/mL to screen the Chinese herbal medicine formulas in vitro insecticidal test by observation of the ciliates under a light microscope. Blood biochemical and histopathological indices were determined and observed in juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus exposed to the 3 compound Chinese herbal medicines above at a dose of 0, 20, 60, and 100 mg/kg for 7 days to evaluate toxicity of the 3 compound Chinese herbal medicines to turbot. Killing effect was observed in U. marinum exposed to Compound Ⅲ at a dose of 30 mg/kg, without mortality in Compound I solution at a dose of 0—30 mg/kg. All ciliate P. persalinus was found to be dead in the compound Ⅱgroup for 1 hour at a dose of 20, 25, and 30 mg/kg, and U. marinum was all dead in the compound Ⅱgroup for 3 hour at a dose of 30 mg/kg. There were no significant differences in blood routine indicators including white blood cells and eosinophils, as well as blood biochemical indicators such as glucose and globulin, without obvious pathological and pathological changes in the intestine, stomach, liver and spleen in each test group.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 103-108 [Abstract] ( 160 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3508 KB)  ( 213 )
109 Analysis of Inorganic Elements and Food Safety in Seaweed Sargassum horneri
ZHAO Yanfang, SHANG Derong, KANG Xuming, ZHAI Yuxiu, WANG Lianzhu, SHENG Xiaofeng, DING Haiyan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19181
Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were used to analyze the contents of 5 kinds of macroelements, 14 kinds of trace elements and 16 kinds of rare elements in seaweed Sargassum horneri samples collected in the coastal waters of Zhejiang, Shandong and Liaoning provinces from October to December 2018 to probe for the form of arsenic and the contents and distribution characteristics of inorganic elements and their food safety in the seaweed. Results showed that 5 macroelements were detected in the sea weed, with the maximal average concentration of 6.95×104 (dry weight) in K, followed by Na (average level of 3.08×104 mg/kg) and the minimal in P (0.15×104 mg/kg). Analysis of 14 microelements revealed that the seaweed was rich in Fe (889.12—1164.17 mg/kg) and Sr (1001.76—2010.13 mg/kg), with very low concentration of Cd and Pb, thus low risk to the consumer. The inorganic arsenate (AsⅤ) was shown to be the main arsenic type in the seaweed, accounting for 70% in the total arsenic for all samples, and very high food safety risk to the consumer. The Concentration of the total rare earth elements in the seaweed was 2.77—6.49 mg/kg, and the concentration of the light rare earth elements was about 2.0—2.5 times of the heavy rare earth elements. In conclusion, the brown seaweed was rich in helpful inorganic elements and rare earth elements, which made the seaweed with a high nutritional value and high medical health care function. The findings provided valuable information for the further development and utilization of seaweed S. horneri in the food, medical health care, feed and other fields.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 109-115 [Abstract] ( 165 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1019 KB)  ( 325 )
116 Effects of Ultraviolet Radiation Intensity on Embryonic Development of Chinese Freshwater Prawn Neocaridina denticulata sinensis
SONG Ziyu, WANG Guodong, ZHANG Lili, HUANG Shiyu, HONG Wei, JIA Ben, ZHANG Yuanchang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19254
The embryos of Chinese freshwater prawn Neocaridina denticulata sinensis were detached in petri dishes from the abdomen at stages of cleavage, blastula, gastrula and nauplius larvaⅠand exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) at doses of 0 W·s/cm2, 1 W·s/cm2, 2 W·s/cm2, 4 W·s/cm2, 8 W·s/cm2 and 16 W·s/cm2 in a manual shaking incubator at a speed of 55 r/min, a temperature of 25 ℃, and a humidity of 60%. The embryonic development was observed under a dissecting scope every 24 hours, and data analysis was performed after 48 h to investigate the effect of UV dose on the embryonic development of Chinese freshwater prawn. The results showed that Chinese freshwater prawn had the survival rate of the embryo in a dose-dependent relationship with UV dose exposure with severely delayed embryo developmen with the increase in UV dose. The median lethal dose at the 48 h was found to be 11.5 W·s/cm2 in cleavage stage, 8.6 W·s/cm2 in blastula stage, 12.0 W·s/cm2 in gastrula stage, and 14.2 W·s/cm2 in nauplius I stage. In addition, exposure period showed significant impact on embryonic development.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 116-121 [Abstract] ( 152 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2537 KB)  ( 282 )
122 Establishment of Duplex PCR Diagnostic Method for Acinetobacter baumannii and Morganella morganii from Turtle
FANG Zhenhua, MENG Meigu, DANG Zhaohui, HONG Meiling, DING Li
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19136
To establish duplex PCR diagnostic methods for pathogenic Acinetobacter baumannii and Morganella morganii from turtles, the specific primers of rpoB gene of A. baumannii and gyrB gene of M.morganii were used to optimize the reaction system and reaction conditions of single and duplex PCR reaction by annealing temperature, primer concentration, MgCl2 concentration and dNTP concentration. The results showed that the specific bands of the primers of rpoB gene of A. baumannii and gyrB gene of M.morganii were obtained by PCR amplification, which were consistent with the expected results. The PCR amplification effect was the best when the forward and reverse primers of rpoB gene and gyrB gene were 0.3 μmol/L, annealing temperature of 59.3 ℃, dNTP concentration of 0.5 mmol/L and MgCl2 concentration of 5 mmol/L, respectively. It was found that the method was only used for the amplification of A. baumannii and M. morganii, not for other pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Aeromonas veronii and Pseudomonas putida. The sensitivity results showed that the minimum detection concentrations was 4.12×10-3 ng/μL in A. baumannii and 1.257×10-3 ng/μL in M. morganii. The detection of clinical samples showed that the results were consistent with those of single PCR. The findings indicated that the duplex PCR method for the detection of the two pathogens was highly specific and sensitive, which provides references for the differential diagnosis and clinical investigation of A. baumannii and M. morganii.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 122-127 [Abstract] ( 143 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2601 KB)  ( 230 )
128 Effects of Nickel (Ni2+) on Growth, Spectral Characteristics and Phycobiliprotein Content of Alga Spirulinaplatensis
ZHAO Dengke, LIU Hui, ZHANG Shaobin, CHEN Xiaoxing, LIU Jinzhou, XIN Qiao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19262
In order to study the effect of Ni2+ on growth of alga Spirulina platensis, the growth curve, biomass, absorption spectrum and phycobiliprotein content of the alga were determined and analyzed by adding different concentrations of Ni2+ to the culture medium. The results showed that at Ni2+ concentration of 0—0.5 μg/mL, with the increase in Ni2+ concentration, the content of phycobiliprotein increased, the growth of accelerated and the accumulated biomass of Spirulina was increased, the greatest promoting effect at 0.5 μg/mL Ni2+. When treated with 0.5 μg/mL Ni2+, the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a in blue and purple region of the alga were changed obviously, the absorption peak at 440 nm disappeared and there were two absorption peak around 430 nm and 450 nm, respectively. Ni2+ had no significant effect on the absorption spectrum of phycocyanin and allophycocyanin. When the Ni2+ concentration of 1.0 μg/mL, the alga still grew normally. It is concluded that 0.5 μg/mL trace Ni2+ is the best concentration to promote the growth and biomass accumulation of spirulina by increasing the content of phycobilin and changing the absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a in the blue and purple region. The finding provides the basis for reducing the production cost of Spirulina and controlling the nickel pollution of the water body by using the spirulina.
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 128-132 [Abstract] ( 144 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1072 KB)  ( 214 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
133 Research Progress on Effect of Environmental Factors on Key Phases of Life Cycle of Moon Jellyfish: a Review
DUAN Yan, SUN Ming, DONG Jing, CHAI Yu, WANG Aiyong, WANG Xiaolin, LIU Xiuze, GUO Dong, WANG Bin, YU Xuguang, JI Guang
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 133-140 [Abstract] ( 236 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (998 KB)  ( 385 )
141 Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum Stock Enhancement in Coastal Shandong Province: Review and Thinking
JIAO Jinju, ZHANG Yuqin, ZHANG Jinhao, LI Lingzhi, QIU Shengyao
2021 Vol. 40 (1): 141-150 [Abstract] ( 212 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (19054 KB)  ( 92 )
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