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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2022 Vol. 41, No. 2
Published: 2022-03-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
173 Analysis of Microsatellite Markers and Growth Performance in Artificial Triploid of Blunt Snout Bream Megalobrama amblycephala
LI Baoyu, ZHENG Guodong, CUI Wentao, CHEN Jie, ZOU Shuming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20250
In order to guide the breeding of the artifical triploid of blunt snout bream Megalobrama amblycephala, the extent of genetic diversity of the triploid was compared with diploid breams by using the microsatellite. The growth performance were also analysed and the genetic variations were assessed in the triploid and diploid stocks based on the selected 20 microsatellite loci. The PCR products were isolated by polyacrylamide gel, and the microsatellite alleles were artificially identified and analyzed. The mean number of alleles for triploid and diploid breams were 2.75 and 3.05, the mean values of expected heterozygosity were 0.5061 and 0.5412, and the average of polymorphic information content were 0.4249 and 0.4378, respectively. Most of the loci of the two ploidy populations of blunt snout bream deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and the genetic deviation index of most loci showed excessive heterozygosity. By randomly selecting individuals in the two populations, primers TTF1 and Mam_EST110 were identitied in the two populations. The growth performance of the triploid and diploid stocks showed that triploid breams had allelic deletion and decreased heterozygosity. The average weight and absolute weight gain rate were significantly higher in triploid at 18 months than that in diploid (P<0.05), showing obvious growth performance. The findings have reference significance for the study of the genetic structure of triploids, the identification of ploidy and the further development of the breeding of triploid fish.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 173-182 [Abstract] ( 257 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1797 KB)  ( 183 )
183 Application of GLM and GAM for Studying Relationship between Environmental Factors and Resource Density for Mantis Shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Bohai Bay
XU Hailong, LIU Zhuoying, WANG Rui, XUE Wei, MA Ting, GU Dexian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20128
Mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria is an important fishery resources in the Bohai Bay. Understanding of the distribution of mantis shrimp, based on the relationship between environmental factors and resource density, is useful for the future research in assessment and management for mantis shrimp. Therefore, the relationship between resource density and environment factors was established based on generalized linear model (GLM) and generalized additive model (GAM). Data including resource density (abundance and biomass) of mantis shrimp and environment conditions of fishing ground were surveyed in Tianjin Bohai Bay from 2014 to 2015, which environment factors included longitude (LON), latitude (LAT), sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), chlorophyll a (Chla) concentration, dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration, pH and depth. The results showed that based on the GLM model, the primary factors affecting the abundance of mantis shrimp were DO, LON×Depth, Depth and SST, and the principle factors affecting the biomass of mantis shrimp were pH, LAT and LON×LAT in descending order of effect when the combined effects of factors were considered. The GAM results indicated that the ranges of deviances explained of every environment factor for abundance and biomass of mantis shrimp were varied from 35.12% to 64.35% and from 37.18% to 67.94%, respectively. And the deviances explained the combined effects GAMs between environment factors and abundance as well as biomass equal to 99.957% and 99.911%, respectively.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 183-191 [Abstract] ( 202 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1376 KB)  ( 167 )
192 Genomic Characteristics of Virulence Factors of Aeromonas salmonicida Strains from Distinct Sources
HAO Jingwei, WANG Yi, HE Fenglan, FU Songzhe, SHEN Xudong, LIU Ying
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20199
A pathogenic Aeromonas salmonicida strain YK48 was isolated from the water of the Pacific white shrimp culture ponds. We first tested the physiological characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of strain YK48. Afterwards, to obtain its virulence profile, strain YK48 was sent for whole-genome sequence. Together with one strain isolated from goldfish Carassius auratus in Anshan and another two isolated from Yantai, a comparative genomic analysis was conducted to determine whether the strains had distinct virulence gene profile and antibiotic resistance genes. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AS.17 and YK-48 were clustered together with Aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida strain A449; antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that strain YK-48 was resistant to rifampicin, bacitracin, vancomycin and penicillin; comparative genome analysis showed that the virulence genes of strains AS.17 and YK-48 were basically identical. Compared with S68 and S121, YK-48 and AS.17 lacked the genes related to anti-phagocytosis and immune regulation. Adherence assays also verified that strain YK-48 and AS.17 had relative weak adhesion ability. At present, there was comparative genomic analysis on the virulence factors of different A. salmonicida from distinct sources. The A. salmonicida strains from three sources were compared through comparative genomics, which provided valuable information regarding the pathogenicity of A. salmonicida, and provided useful insights into the prevention and control of the disease.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 192-201 [Abstract] ( 186 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5370 KB)  ( 185 )
202 Microbial Diversity of Skin and Liver of Diseased Grass Carp Evaluated by High-Throughput Sequencing of 16S rRNA Gene
SUN Kun, WANG Xiaolei, ZHANG Jie, FU Longwei, LIU Xuemei, ZHANG Yanzhen, SUI Zhihai, LIU Yunguo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20141
Grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella is an important freshwater aquaculture species, but infection diseases induced by the bacterial pathogens cause serious economic losses. We used high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 16S rRNA gene to quickly evaluate the bacterial communities of skin and liver of diseased grass carp from different ponds. The results showed that the number of OTUs in the skin and liver of grass carp was 611 and 875 in pond No.1, 376 and 644 in pond No.2, more in pond No.1 than that in pond No. 2. Alpha diversity analysis revealed that the abundance and diversity of bacteria of the liver from pond No.1 were the highest. The beta diversity analysis indicated that there were similar community structures in the skin of No.1, and the skin and liver of No.2, but the bacterial community structure of liver from pond No.1 was different from the other three samples, indicating that the infection status of grass carp in the pond No.1 was more complicated than that in pond No.2. In the bacterial community structure of the all samples, we found that the dominant phylum in the phylum classification level was mainly Bacteroidetes and Proeobacteria. The dominant genera in the genus classification level were mainly Flavobacterium and Shewanella, which was most likely to be the dominant pathogenic bacteria of this disease. The findings could provide the scientific basis for disease prevention and control in early stage, and also provide guidance to the isolation and identification of the bacteial pathogens in later stage.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 202-209 [Abstract] ( 169 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4124 KB)  ( 137 )
210 Effects of Different Metal Concentrations, Temperature and pH on Sperm Motility of Fat Minnow Phoxinus lagowskii
WU Chen, LUO Xiaonian, DUAN Youjian, ZENG Yongcong, MIAO Yunliang, HAN Feng, LUO Chao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20221
In order to understand the physiological characteristics of sperm of fat minnow Phoxinus lagowskii and improve its fertilization rate, we studied the effects of metal ion concentrations, temperature and pH on the sperm motility of fat minnow.The sperm fast moving time (FT) and life time (LT) were measured of 10 individuals of male fat minnow (body weight of 80.0—100.0 g and body length of 10.0—20.0 cm) under different ions [Na+, K+, Ca2+, glucose, and Tris buffer (C4H11NO3)], different temperatures [(8.0±1.0) ℃, (12.0±1.0) ℃, (16.0±1.0) ℃, (20.0±1.0) ℃, (24.0±1.0) ℃, and (30.0±1.0) ℃] and different pH (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0). The results showed that the sperm had the FT of (72.05±9.93) s and rising rate of 28.1%, the LT of (106.86±6.00) s with rising rate of 39.4%at Na+ concentration of 100 mmol/L. The sperm motility was the strongest at the K+ concentration of 75 mmol/L, and had the FT of (59.47±5.76) s with rising rate of 5.7%, and the LT of (252.11±218.64) s with rising rate of 228.9%, without no significant difference in the FT between 0 and 100 mmol/L glucose concentrations, but increase in LT with the increase in glucose concentration. In addition, Ca2+ and Tris buffer inhibited the sperm motility, with short FT and LT. The sperm motility was better with FT of (32.99±7.50) s and LT of(78.77±8.47) s at temperature of (20.0±1.0) ℃. The longest FT and LT was observed at pH 8.0, (45.42±6.56) s and (475.02±46.35) s. Without significant difference in the time of sperm rapid movement(745.67±273.08) s in compound solution B [V(Na+100 mmol/L)∶V(K+75 mmol/L)=1∶1],significantly higher life time than that in other conditions, with an increase rate of 968.6%. It was found that appropriate Na+, K+ and glucose concentration promoted the sperm motility of fat minnow, Ca2+ and that Tris buffer inhibited the sperm motility. The best sperm motility was observed in the fat minnow exosed to water temperature of (20.0±1.0) ℃ and pH range of 7.0—8.0. Compound solution B [V(Na+ 100 mmol/L)∶V(K+ 75 mmol/L)=1∶1] led to significant increase in sperm longevity.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 210-217 [Abstract] ( 182 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1001 KB)  ( 214 )
218 Early Ontogeny of Chromatophores and Skin Color Changes of Modest Filefish Thamnaconus septentrionalis
CHI Wendan, SONG Jingjing, GUO Wen, LIU Kaikai, YU Daode
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20131
The morphological characteristics and distributions of chromatophores, together with body color changes during early life history of modest filefish Thamnaconus septentrionalis were observed and photographed. We postulated the larval melanophores and larval xanthophores occurred firstly during embryonesis; iridophores appeared at 3 day post hatching(dph), only on the upper side of eyeball, indicating the perfection of visual function; the larval light brown on the upper side of the digestive cavity of the trunk and abdomen differentiated into larval xanthophores after 4 dph; the iridophores concentrated in the abdominal cavity occurred at 8—10 dph; the body color of the trunk mainly showed transverse black dark lines, belonging to the excessive body color mode pattern in 40 dph juveniles; the sub-adult was similar with adult in the body color pattern, except that the even fin rays color still transparent and little green or blue comparing with the olders at 200 dph. At last, it is conculded that the body color pattern is one of the main characteristics to decide the early life history of modest filefish.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 218-225 [Abstract] ( 187 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4987 KB)  ( 311 )
226 Interannual Variability in Stock Dynamics of Jumbo Flying Squid Dosidicus gigas outside Exclusive Economic Zones off Peru Coast Based on Habitat Suitability Index Model
GONG Jingwen, QIAN Mengting, YU Wei, CHEN Xinjun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20124
Evaluation and prediction of the changes in the habitat suitability of jumbo flying squid Dosidicus gigas in the Southeast Pacific Ocean can help understanding of the dynamics of their resource and fishing ground, and make sustainable exploitation of fishery resources. A habitat suitability index (HSI) model was developed based on the fishery data of jumbo flying squid collected from Squid-jigging Science and Technology Groups at Shanghai Ocean University fishing data and two critical environmental variables including sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) using arithmetic method model, and compared the difference in squid stock dynamics from September to December between 2010 (a La Niña year) and 2015 (an El Niño year) in the Southeast Pacific Ocean. It was found that the abundance of jumbo flying squid was much higher in the La Niña years (2010) than that in the El Niño years (2015), with much lower SST and SSHA from September to December in 2010 than those in 2015. It was clearly shown that the areas of suitable habitat in each month of 2010 were larger than those in 2015. Moreover, the suitable habitat of jumbo flying squid in 2010 moved to the northern waters comparing to 2015, leading to the northward shift of latitude gravity centers of fishing ground in 2010. This finding suggested that the analysis of fishing ground based on the habitat suitability index model can explain the year-to-year difference in squid abundance and distribution of jumbo flying squid in the Southeast Pacific Ocean.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 226-235 [Abstract] ( 123 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9428 KB)  ( 169 )
236 Effects of Dietary Immunity Induced Pupae Powder of Antheraea pernyi on Growth, Non-Specific Immunity and Disease Resistance of Tiger Puffer Takifugu rubripes
SUN Yongxin, MA Shuhui, WANG Qingzhi, REN Tongjun, DU Xingfan, LI Shuying
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20178
Immunity induced pupae powder (IPP) of Antheraea pernyi was supplemented as feed additive to investigate its effects on the growth, immunity and disease resistance of the juvenile tiger buffer Takifugu rubripes with body weight of (58.52±2.07) g. There were five groups in triplication including basic feed group as the blank group, 0.5%, 1.0% and 2.0% dose of IPP were added to the basic feed as the test group, and 1.0% pupa powder was added to the basic feed as the control group. The supplementary feeding experimental lasted for 30 days. The results showed that the weight gain rate of the fish was significantly increased with the increase in the amount of IPP in the feed compared with the blank group (P<0.05). Furthermore, the fish fed diets containing 1.0% and 2.0% IPP had significantly higher weight gain rate than the fish in the blank group and the control group (P<0.05). The effects of IPP on the serum immune index were found different in various aspects did. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in 0.5% IPP group, alkine phosphatase (AKP) and CAT in 1.0% IPP group, and CAT in 2.0% IPP group were significantly higher than those in blank group and control group (P<0.05). The immunoprotective effect was analysed using the pathogenicity challenge test and the cumulative mortality rate in the blank group was 100% after 7 days, and the immunoprotective rate was increased obviously, with the maximal immunoprotective rate of 50% in 0.5% IPP group. Above all, the supplement of 0.5% IPP in diet led to effectively increase weight gain rate, immunity and disease resistance, which can be used in fish production.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 236-242 [Abstract] ( 146 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2429 KB)  ( 199 )
243 Synergistic Effect of Hard Clam Meretrix meretrix and Microalga on Elimination of Inorganic Nitrogen and Inorganic Phosphorus in Water
ZHANG Zhidong, CHEN Aihua, WU Yangping, ZHANG Yu, CAO Yi, CHEN Suhua, TIAN Zhen, LI Qiujie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20218
Using the method of experimental ecology and response surface CCD model, four experimental groups were set up, namely, no clam without algae group (group O), clam without algae group (group A), algae without clam group (group B) and clam with algae group (group AB), with three replicates. According to the CCD model, 13 experimental groups were set up with the density of hard clam Meretrix meretrix (A) and the density of microalga Isochrysis galbana (B) as the influencing factors. The synergistic effect of clams and microalgae on the removal of inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus in water was investigated. The results showed that in clear water state (alga-free) environment, the elimination effect of the clam on inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus was not significant (P>0.05), it needed to cooperate with microalgae to significantly reduce the contents of inorganic nitrogen and inorganic phosphorus (P<0.05). The optimal proportion of clam and the microalga was 221 ind/m2 of clam and 1.92×106 cell/mL of microalga, and the maximal daily elimination rates in the water were 6.93% for inorganic nitrogen and 8.60% for inorganic phosphorus. The results of model prediction were accurate by verification of practical tests. Therefore, in the actual aquaculture process, the density of hard clam was about 225 ind/m2 (150 000 ind/667 m2) and the density of the microalgae was about 2.0×106 cell/mL, which achieved with the maximal daily elimination rates of (6.90±0.33)% for inorganic nitrogen and (8.57±0.29)% for inorganic phosphorus in the water.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 243-249 [Abstract] ( 162 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3479 KB)  ( 170 )
250 Growth and Biochemical Composition of a Halotolerant Diatom Strain of Craticula sp.
ZHANG Qi, ZHENG Lingling, LI Tianli, LIU Jin, SONG Lirong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20142
The naviculoid genus Craticula was widely distributed in alkaline saline waters. The halotolerant diatom strain Craticula sp. FACHB-2450 was isolated from saline lake in this work. The present study evaluated the effect of different salinities on growth, polysaccharides, soluble proteins, lipids and fatty acid profiles of strain FACHB-2450, as well as the photosynthetic physiological response under laboratory conditions. It was found that the maximal biomass concentration cultured was 1.79 g/L at 6% NaCl . The Fv/Fm value was increased up to 0.63 at 3% NaCl then decreased at higher salinity, with the maximal polysaccharides content cultured of 9.96% of dry weight at 6% NaCl. The soluble protein content was decreased from 22.78% to 23.65% of dry weight at 1.5%—9% NaCl sharply to 8.39% of dry weight at 12% NaCl. The maximal total lipid content cultured at 3% NaCl was 32.46% of dry weight. The main fatty acid components of strain FACHB-2450 were palmitoleic acid (C16:1) (30.17%—43.75% of total fatty acid), palmitic acid (C16:0) (22.53%—31.45% of total fatty acid), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5) (14.79%—20.92% of total fatty acid). The content of the most abundant unsaturated fatty acid C20:5 was increased at lower salinity then decreased at higher salinity with the maximal concentration at 9% NaCl.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 250-257 [Abstract] ( 192 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1649 KB)  ( 237 )
258 Analysis of Nutrient Composition in Muscle of Hybrid Sleeper Oxyeleotris marmoratus ♀ and O. lineolatus ♂
SU Huanhuan, MA Dongmei, ZHU Huaping, LIN Minghui, FAN Jiajia, CHI Jinquan, LIANG Kangwei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20096
In order to evaluate the nutritional value and freshness of muscle in sleeper Oxyeleotris marmoratus, O. lineolatus and their hybrid, the contents of approximate nutritional, amino acid, and fatty acid compositions and mineral elements of three populations were determined and compared by the general nutritional determination methods. The results showed that the contents of moisture, crude protein, crude fatty and crude ash were 75.80%—79.23%, 18.33%—19.23%, 0.62%—1.63% and 1.20%—1.33%, respectively in which the crude protein and crude fatty contents in the muscle were significantly higher in the hybrids than those in the others (P<0.05). The crude fat content was significantly higher than that of O. lineolatus (P<0.05) with the maximal total delicious amino acid in the muscle in the hybrid, and without significant difference (P>0.05). The ratio of essential amino acids (EAA) to total amino acids of the three populations was found to be higher than the FAO/WHO scoring model and close to the whole chicken protein model. A total of 26 fatty acids were detected in the muscles of O. marmoratus, O. lineolatus and the hybrids. The content of unsaturated fatty acids was 78.51% in the hybrids, significantly higher than that in O. marmoratus (64.02%) (P<0.05).The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the muscle of the hybrids was 48.18%, significantly higher than that of O. lineolatus. It can be seen that the three groups are high nutritional value, and the composition and that contents of amino acids and fatty acids of the hybrid are slightly superior to those of its parents, showing a certain heterosis.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 258-265 [Abstract] ( 153 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (990 KB)  ( 170 )
266 Intestinal Microbiota Analysis in Gibel Carp Carassius auratus gibelio Based on 16S rRNA Gene Sequence
CHEN Peng, SUN Qirui, ZHANG Honghua, WANG Shuai, WANG Jiawei, XU Yang, ZHANG Mingming, QIAO Guo, LI Qiang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20208
Gibel carp Carassius auratus gibelio is the mainly economical farmed fish species in China. In this study, Illumina sequencing and traditional bacterial isolation techniques were combined to analyze the intestinal microbiota of gibel carp to provide a good guidance for sustainable gibel carp culture. Illumina sequencing revealed that the intestinal microbial richness and diversity in wild group did not change significantly compared with the culture group, with significant difference in microbiota structure. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Firmicutes was significantly higher in the culture group than that in the wild group, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly lower than that in the wild group (P<0.05). At the genus level, the relative abundance of Aeromonas, Pseudomonas and Peptostreptococcus was significantly higher in the culture group than that in the wild group (P<0.01), while Rubrobacter was significantly lower than that in the wild group (P<0.01). According to the traditional bacterial isolation and identification analysis, Staphylococcus was the predominant genus in both wild and culture groups, followed by Micrococcus. Additionally, Bacillus was also isolated from the intestine of gibel carp in both groups. There was significantly more bacterial species richness in the wild group than that in culture group. The findings will provide theoretical foundation for sustainable green gibel carp culture.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 266-272 [Abstract] ( 170 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2614 KB)  ( 214 )
273 Effects of Enrofloxacin on Transaminase Activity in Serum and Liver of Siberian Sturgeon Acipenser baeri
LIU Pan, YANG Mu, JIA Chengxia, ZHANG Qingjing, QU Jiangqi
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20090
Enrofloxacin was orally administered to Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baeri at 15 ℃ and 26 ℃, respectively. The changes in glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase(GOT) and glumtaic-pyruvic transaminase(GPT) activities were measured with time in serum and liver tissues at 0.125 h, 0.25 h, 0.5 h, 1.0 h, 1.5 h, 2 h, 4 h, 6 h, 8 h, 12 h, 18 h, 24 h, 36 h, 48 h, 60 h, 72 h, 96 h and 120 h after administration. The results showed that the activities of GOT and GPT were increased at two temperatures. At 15 ℃, the activity of GOT was significantly higher in serum than that in liver within 6—24 h; at 36—120 h(except 72 h), the activity of GOTwas significantly higher in liver than that in serum. GPT activity was significantly higher in liver than that in serum in 0.25—4 h, and was significantly higher in liver than that in serum in 36—120 h. At 26 ℃, the activity of GOTwas significantly higher in serumthan that in liver within 6—120 h; at 0—0.5 h, the activity of GPTwas significantly higher in serumthan that in liver, while from 1.5—120 h, the activity of GPTwas significantly higherin liver than that in serum. It was found that after oral administration of enrofloxacin, the activities of transaminases (GOT and GPT) in serum and liver were gradually increased to a certain extent, then slowly decreased and remained stable. However, the content of GOTwas significantly higherin serum in 18—36 h at 26 ℃ than that in liver, indicating that liver cells had been damaged to a certain extent. The enrofloxacin had no significant toxic effect on the serum and liver of Siberian sturgeon at the appropriate temperature and 10 mg/kg body weight. The findings provide theoretical basis for the rational use of enrofloxacin in the breeding of Siberian sturgeon.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 273-279 [Abstract] ( 143 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1240 KB)  ( 187 )
280 Genome-Wide Prediction and Analysis of Secretory Proteins of Microsporidium Hepatospora eriocheir Parasited in Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis
NING Zijian, KOU Shiyu, BAO Jie, JIANG Hongbo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20202
In this study, we predict the secretory proteins of microsporidium Hepatospora eriocheir genome parasited in Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis with the EuSecPred 2.0 and annotate for secreted protein function, characteristics and the sequence analysis. The length of secreted proteins was found to be primarily changed from 30 amino acids to 300 amino acids, with length of signal peptide from 11 amino acids to 23 amino acids. The signal peptide cleavage site was mainly composed of hydrophobic amino acids. Many key proteins were found by functional annotation of the secretory proteins such as haemaglutinin-esterase, methyltransferase EZH1, and serine/threonine protein kinase. Motif analysis revealed that there was a S[NS]N[TI][FI]VI[IGD][RG]VRC motif in signal peptides which predicted secreted proteins were involved in the physiological activities of H. eriocheir, host cell cycle regulation and immune response. The findings provide important basis for screening disease-related candidate factors and exploring the infection mechanism.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 280-288 [Abstract] ( 157 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3459 KB)  ( 159 )
289 Isolation of Microsatellite Markers in Transcriptome of Surf Clam Coelomactra antiquata and Their Application in Cryptic Species Identification
WANG Yuji, MENG Xueping, YI Lefei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20119
In the past decade genetic analyses have shown that surf clam Coelomactra antiquata consists of two cryptic species, a northern lineage and a southern lineage. In order to accurately distinguish the two cryptic species of surf clam and evaluate its germplasm resources by molecular makers, microsatellite (SSR) sequences in both transcriptomes of the two cryptic species were explored and analyzed based on transcriptome data. SSRs in orthologous genes were also explored, and SSRs on 4 groups of orthologous genes were randomly selected for experimental validation. The resulted showed that an average of one SSR was found per 16.6 unigenes and the appearance frequency was 6.0% in northern lineage, involving 63 repeating motifs. In southern lineage an average of one SSR was found per 10.5 unigenes and the occurrence frequency was 8.2%, involving 89 repeating motifs. Besides the mononucleotide repeats, in both transcriptomes of the two cryptic species the trinucleotide repeats appeared to be the most abundant SSRs. In the transcriptome of northern and southern C. antiquata AAC/GTT and ATC/ATG was the dominant repeating motif of trinucleotide repeats respectively, and the most common SSR length was 15 bp. In both transcriptomes of the two cryptic species the repeat copy numbers of SSR were mainly distributed from 5 to 10 times. A total of 409 groups of orthologous genes showing SSR polymorphism between the two cryptic species were screened, which could be used as potential molecular markers.Validation experiments showed that the PCR products with clear and no impurity peak were amplified by the 4 pairs of fluorescence-labeled SSR primers, and that the combination of the 2 pairs of primers could preliminarily distinguish the two cryptic species.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 289-295 [Abstract] ( 130 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1371 KB)  ( 213 )
296 Pattern Recognition of Beak in Jumbo Squid Dosidicus gigas
GOU Yimeng, LIU Bilin, KONG Xianghong
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20147
As one of a few hard tissues in cephalopods, beak has been widely used in species identification and population discrimination of cephalopods. This study is based on jumbo squid Dosidicus gigas samples collected in 2009, 2014 and 2015 in the seas off Chile, Peru, Ecuador, and Costa Rica. The method of beak recognition based on discriminant function was proposed and 10 length indices of beak were analyzed. Among those, 70 percent of the samples were used to construct the discriminant function, while 30 percent were used to test. The results showed that the beak from Chile open seas had the largest size and the Peru one had the smallest. The beak′s length was used to identify the populations in different geographical areas, with success rate of more than 95.2%. In Chile, Peru, Ecuador and Costa Rica, the contribution rates were 97.6%,91.0%,96.1% and 96.0%, respectively. The length of the upper lateral wall length, the upper hood length and the upper rostrum length contributed the most. The discriminant function 1, function 2 and function 3 effectively explained the difference of beak between sea areas, with the explanatory rate of 54.9%,29.6% and 15.5%, respectively. The discriminant verification showed that 26 of the 250 samples were wrongly identified. The least number of samples wrongly identified was in the Ecuadorian area. The overall success rate of the test discrimination was 89.6%. As a result, this findings indicated that the morphological difference of beak of jumbo flying squid can be used to identify the geographic populations.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 296-303 [Abstract] ( 131 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2282 KB)  ( 198 )
304 Selection of Reference Genes for Real-Time Quantitative PCR of Peanut Worm Sipuculus nudus
PENG Bingbing, BIN Dongchao, ZHOU Yuna, YANG Zhihui, CAI Xiaohui, PENG Yinhui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20098
At present, the main method to study the quantitative expression of genes is real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR), and the accuracy of qRT-PCR analysis can be improved by selecting the appropriate internal reference genes. In this study, EF1-a2,a-Tub1, RPL13-b, Actin1, H3-b and GAPDH1 were analyzed by qRT-PCR from the rostrum, somatic muscles, renal duct, brain, intestine, adductor muscle, esophagus, and blood lymphocyte of peanut worm Sipunculus nudus, the expression of six candidate internal reference genes was stable, and the stability of internal reference genes was verified by IgGFc-binding protein. BestKeeper software revealed that the descending order of the stability of internal reference genes was expressed as:RPL13-b＞H3-b＞EF1-α2＞GAPDH1＞Actin1＞α-Tub1; Normfider software analysis selected the stability of the internal reference gene, with the descending order of RPL13-b＞EF1-α2＞GAPDH1＞H3-b1＞Actin1＞α-Tub1; The descending order of stability of internal reference genes selected by geNorm software analysis was described as: RPL13-b=H3-b＞EF1-α2＞GAPDH1＞Actin1＞α-Tub1. When the stable internal reference gene RPL13-b was used to calibrate the qRT-PCR data, the expression trend of IgGFc-binding protein gene was basically the same as in different tissues. The most unstable internal reference gene-Tub1 was used to calibrate the qRT-PCR data, with different change trend of expression level of IgGFc-binding protein gene. The expression of RPL13-b internal reference gene was the most stable in the whole tissues of peanut worm and was used as the optimal single internal reference gene.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 304-310 [Abstract] ( 112 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1541 KB)  ( 327 )
311 Effect of Vitamin E on Immune Index and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Red-Eared Turtle Trachemys scripta elegans under High Temperature Stress
LEI Jinhong, LIU Tiantian, ZHANG Guangwu, FU Lirong, SHI Haitao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20195
To investigate the effect of vitamin E level on blood immune index and digestive enzyme activity of red-eared turtle Trachemys scripta elegans under high temperature stress, forty healthy juvenile red-eared turtles with initial body mass of (108.42±19.56) g were randomly divided into 4 groups at (34±0.5) ℃ for 30-day feeding trial. There were two parallels in each group, and five turtles in each parallel. The turtles in each group were fed the diets containing vitamin E at a dose of 0(control group), 150, 250 and 350 mg/kg, respectively. The activities of serum antioxidant enzymes and intestinal digestive enzymes in serum and intestinal tissues of juvenile turtles were detected respectively. The results showed that the activities of superoxide dismutase in the 250 mg/kg group and catalase in the 3 treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the control group, especially in the 250 mg/kg group. The contents of malondialdehyde in the treatment groups were significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.01), vitamin E did not lead to affect on intestinal amylase activity significantly (P>0.05), but very significant/significant effect on protease and lipase activities (P<0.01, P<0.05).The lipase activity of the experimental groups was significantly lower than that in control group, with the minimal activity in the 250 mg/kg group. On the contrary, the activity of protease in treatment groups was significantly higher than that in the control group, with the maximal activity in 250 mg/kg group. To sum up, the addition of vitamin E in diet led to significantly improve the anti-stress ability of juevenile red-eared turtle under high temperature stress environment, and improve the protein digestibility within limits of juevenile red-eared turtle fed meat. The addition of vitamin E in 250 mg/kg was the optimal for diet of red-eared turtle.
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 311-315 [Abstract] ( 156 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (986 KB)  ( 231 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
316 Freshness Quality Regulation of Fish and Shellfish: a Review of Research Progress
ZHOU Jin, ZHAO Qian, LIU Junrong, TIAN Yuanyong, XU Tanye
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20220
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 316-324 [Abstract] ( 189 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1017 KB)  ( 818 )
325 Research Progress on Effect of Probiotic Bacillus on Fish Growth and Disease Resistance
ZHANG Yurou, CHEN Yuke, YU Mengnan, LEI Xinyu, WANG Jiajing, GAO Yongsheng, WANG Qiuju, MAHMOUD M. Elsadek, ZHANG Dongming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20203
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 325-335 [Abstract] ( 211 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1091 KB)  ( 468 )
336 Progress of Effects of Aquatic Plants on Aquaculture Fish in Freshwater Aquaculture: a Review
TIAN Yuan, WU Yao, ZHU Guorong, ZHAO Gaozhi, LIN Xi, YAO Dezheng, PENG Junjie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.20121
2022 Vol. 41 (2): 336-342 [Abstract] ( 225 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1726 KB)  ( 226 )
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