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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2023 Vol. 42, No. 5
Published: 2023-09-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
747 Comparative Analysis of Growth and Muscle Transcriptome of Juvenile Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss under Different Culture Densities
ZHU Minjie, ZENG Qi, CHENG Chao, XIAO Min, LI Aiping, JIAN Shaoqing, ZHAO Daxian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21234
In order to study the effect of culture density on growth of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, the growth performance and muscle transcriptome of rainbow trout under high density (6.99 kg/m3), med-density (4.66 kg/m3) and low density (2.33 kg/m3) culture conditions were compared and analyzed, respectively. The results showed that after 32 days of breeding, the final quality and other growth-related indices were higher in low density group than those in med-density group and high density group. For each sample, the effective data of transcriptome all reached 5.99 Gb, and the comparison efficiency ranged from 91.67 to 92.77%. A total of 5501 new genes were discovered, of which 4121 were annotated and 1380 were not annotated. 2760, 654 and 2316 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in low density group vs high density group, low density group vs med-density group, and med-density group vs high density group, respectively. Their biological processes and cell components were enriched in DNA integration, DNA-mediated translocation and folding. The molecular functions were mainly enriched in the structural composition of cytoskeleton (for the DEGs of low density group vs high density group, med-density group vs high density group and DNA binding and oxidoreductase activity acting on paired donor binding or recombination (for the DEGs in low density. group vs medium density group). 920, 196 and 743 DEGs are located in 212, 112 and 189 specific metabolic pathways respectively. Furthermore, 19 gene sequences related to growth and stress were obtained by artificial screening. The results showed that the culture density had a significant effect on the growth of rainbow trout and the expression of related genes.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 747-759 [Abstract] ( 168 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (16846 KB)  ( 89 )
760 Genome-Wide Identification, Molecular Evolution, and Expression of FXYD Gene Family in Tibetan Naked Carp Gymnocypris przewalskii ssp. przewalskii
ZHOU Bingzheng, CHEN Shengxue, LIU Sijia, QI Delin, QI Hongfang, WANG Yang, ZHAO Kai, TIAN Fei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21243
Tibetan naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii ssp. przewalskii is the only species of Schizothoracinae (Cyprinidae), which could adapt to the high saline-alkaline water environment in the Qinghai Lake. In the present study, we identified 16 FXYD genes in G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii based on the G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii genome. FXYD (Phen-XAA-Tyr-ASP) gene family encodes a group of small transmembrane proteins that regulate ion channel activities in responses to saline stress in a variety of organisms. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16 gpFXYD genes were divided into five subfamilies. Collinearity analysis indicated that 12 family members of the gpFXYD gene family were originated from genome-wide duplication, which showed synteny with their counterparts in zebrafish. This result suggested that the gain of extra copies of FXYD genes might be attributed to the whole genome duplication in G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii. Molecular evolution analysis showed that the Ka/Ks values of gpFXYD1b/1c and gpFXYD5c/5d were greater than 1, which indicates that the positive selection might occur during evolution, leading to adaptive evolution. The subfamilies of gpFXYDs were expressed in diverse tissues, including heart, hepatopancreas, brain, kidney, gill, intestine and gonad. gpFXYD1s and gpFXYD7s were specifically expressed in the heart and brain. The results indicated that the function of gpFXYD subfamilys was in a tissue-dependent manner. After the transition from freshwater to saline water condition, the expression of gpFXYD5s, gpFXYD6s and gpFXYD11s showed significant changes in kidney and gill. The transcriptional variations might contribute to the ion transport and osmoregulation in G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii at high salinity. The current study laid a foundation for understanding the adaptation of G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii to high salinity environment, providing new insights into the molecular breeding of aquatic animals.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 760-774 [Abstract] ( 104 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7111 KB)  ( 53 )
775 Differences in Carapace Geometric Morphometrics of Eriocheir sinensis from Various Geographical Origins in the Changjiang River System
TANG Jing, XUE Junren, LIU Hongbo, JIANG Tao, CHEN Xiubao, YANG Jian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21256
In order to effectively identify the morphological differences of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis in the middle and lower reaches of the Changjiang River system, geometric morphometric analysis was conducted to comparatively understand the carapace morphological characteristics of the crab from seven different well-known geographical origins, i.e., the Datong Lake in Hunan Province. the Huangpi Lake, Tuo Lake, Nvshan Lake, and Wuwei section of the Changjiang River in Anhui Province, as well as the Qin Lake and Shijiu Lake in Jiangsu Province. After computer software-mediated image processing, 35-landmarks were extracted and discriminant analysis was carried out. The morphological variation vector was visualized by thin plate spline analysis and mesh deformation. The results revealed that the carapace morphological characteristicsof the crab from the aforementioned origins differed from each other. In comparison with the average carapace shape, although no significant variation was found in that of Wuwei wild population, significant differences were documented in those from the other six origins, i.e., with longer frontal and lateral teeth, smaller M pattern, and smaller posterior edge of carapace for those from the three lake origins of Anhui Province.For the crab from the remaining three lake origins, the frontal and lateral teeth were shorter, the M pattern was larger, and the rear margin area of the posterior edge of carapace was wider. Moreover, the identification accuracies were as high as 100% according to geometric morphometric landmarks of both female and male crab among different origins. Our study demonstrated that geometric morphometric analysis could provide a convenient, fast, nonlethal and innovative approach for geographical origin traceability at thefine-scale and protection of E. sinensis.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 775-784 [Abstract] ( 91 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4482 KB)  ( 96 )
785 Modified Atmosphere Preservation-Alive Technology of Hybrid Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂
HUANG Xiangmei, HUANG He, ZHOU Qianfan, LU Zefeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21171
In order to explore the effects of preservation conditions on the waterless preservation time of hybrid grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀×E. lanceolatus ♂, a single factor test was carried out to screen the optimal range of conditions by using the proportion of O2, CO2 and N2 gases, survival temperature and moisturizing materials, and orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the preservation conditions of atmosphere preservation-alive. The muscle components and blood biochemical indices in different survival stages were determined. The results showed that the maximal waterless survival period was observed under the gas ratio of V(O2)∶V(CO2)∶V(N2)=85∶0∶15, the preservation temperature of 15 ℃, and the moisturizing material of sponge, with the 12.5 h survival rate of 100%. The weight loss rate of hybrid grouper was increased gradually with the prolongation of survival time, and the cumulative weight loss rate reached (6.49±0.15)% after rehydration for 12 h. There was no significant change in moisture content in dorsal muscle(P＞0.05), but the ash content was slightly increased. The contents of crude protein and crude fat were gradually decreased, and the decrease of fat content during the whole process was much greater than that of protein, which might be because the main energy supply substance in the body of the hybrid grouper was fat rather than protein during the period of atmosphere preservation-alive and maintenance. The blood glucose and cortisol contents showed curve changes with the prolonging of survival time. The contents of BUN, AST, ALT and ACP were significantly increased, while the contents of TG and AKP were decreased. In conclusion, the kidney, liver and immune system of the hybrid grouper were all damaged to a certain extent during atmosphere preservation-alive, but they all recovered after resuscitation, and the survival time was longer than that in pure oxygen environment. Therefore, the optimal atmosphere preservation-alive conditions selected were conducive to the waterless preservation transportation of grouper. The finding will provide theoretical support with the practical application of atmosphere preservation-alive and preservation transportation of grouper.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 785-794 [Abstract] ( 79 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1375 KB)  ( 163 )
795 Genetic Diversity of Stay Carp Cyprinus carpio Adapted to Paddy Field Conditions
ZOU Li, WANG Jinlong, LI Chuanwu, WANG Dongwu, ZENG Chunfang, LIU Mingqiu, LIU Li, XIE Min, ZENG Ming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21215
In order to investigate the genetic information on the stay carp Cyprinus carpio adapted to paddy field conditions in Hunan and Guizhou, fourteen microsatellites were used to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of three “stay carp” populations from Yongshun Xiangxi, Outuan Huaihua, Jinping Qiandongnan, one red carp population from Fisheries Research Institute of Hunan Province, one wild stay carp population from Xiangjiang. The results showed that 14 pairs of microsatellite primers were amplified with clear bands 16.571—19.214 average numbers of alleles, and 9.420—11.143 effective alleles per pair. The average observed heterozygosity was from 0.705 to 0.778, while mean expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.884 to 0.893, the value of average polymorphism information content was from 0.883 to 0.891. The genetic differentiation index among the 5 populations, the gene flow values at all locihe genetic variation among populations, variation within populations. These findings that the 5 carp populations had high level of genetic diversity, of gene flow in the 5 populations, and genetic differentiation. The “stay carp” population still kept high genetic diversity, and genetic differentiation with wild population from Xiangjiang.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 795-804 [Abstract] ( 91 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1399 KB)  ( 168 )
805 Heritability Assessment of High Temperature Tolerance Traits in Juvenile Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
QU Min, TAN Jian, LUAN Sheng, QIANG Guangfeng, LUO Kun, SUI Juan, MENG Xianhong, KONG Jie
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21232
In order to study the effects of high temperature on genetic variation of Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, 40 full-sibling families were randomly selected from the 4 populations of Pacific white shrimp (EGDB, PRMA, API, and SIS) that were introduced from abroad in 2018, and 100 individuals were randomly selected from each family, divided into two parts and reared to P21—P23 in the designated test barrels. The test barrels were heated using a water bath heating method and its corresponding survival time and temperature were recorded. A single character animal model was used to evaluate the genetic parameters of its heat resistance. The results showed that the heat resistance values of larvae of each family were ranged from 782.64 to 2074.33 ℃·h, indicating that there were significant differences in heat resistance among Pacific white shrimp larvae. The coefficient of variation of heat resistance between families was ranged from 10% to 68%, and the cumulative survival rate of each line was ranged from 58% to 99% at water temperature increasing from 28 ℃ to 40 ℃. The heritability of heat resistance traits in juvenile Pacific white shrimp was estimated to be 0.22±0.05, as medium heritability, by using a single character animal model combined with pedigree information. There was a high level of genetic variation in heat resistance traits of juvenile Pacific white shrimp, and there was a great potential for genetic improvement. The findings can provide data reference for high- temperature culture and breeding of high-temperature resistant strains of Pacific white shrimp in summer.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 805-812 [Abstract] ( 100 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1093 KB)  ( 326 )
813 Health-Promoting Effects of Bacillus licheniformis and Mulberry Leaf Extracts Compound Preparations on Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis
MI Rui, GUAN Xiaoyan, WANG Qingzhi, JIANG Jingwei, LI Hualin, JIANG Pingzhe, XU Yongping, LI Shuying, ZHOU Zunchun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22003
This study was conducted to investigate health-promoting effects of Bacillus licheniformis and mulberry leaf extracts compound preparations on Yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis. Yesso scallop were divided into different groups and fed basal diets (CK group), the basal diets supplemented with B. licheniformis (B. licheniformis treatment group), basal diets supplemented with mulberry leaf extracts (mulberry leaf extracts treatment group), or both of the two (combination treatment group). During the 30-day feeding period, the activities of digestive and immune-related enzymes were determined every ten days respectively. The results suggested that the scallops fed with supplementary diets of B. licheniformis and mulberry leaf extracts in combination produced the maximum digestive and immune activities, while the minimum values occurred in the control group. Dietary B. licheniformis and mulberry leaf extracts in combination might be more capable of improving nutrient digestion, sharpening responses to phosphatase and promoting the antioxidant abilities.The results of the challenge test showed that the cumulative mortality rate was the minimal in the combination treatment group, while the maximal mortality occurred in the control group. No significant differences were observed between the B. licheniformis treatment and mulberry leaf extracts treatment groups. Furthermore, the combination treatment group showed the lowest counts of Vibrio, while the maximum values occurred in the control group, suggesting that the combination treatment group could be more efficient at eliminating Vibrio in digestive tracts compared with others. These data collectively confirmed that a synergistic system was produced when subject to dietary supplementation of B. licheniformis and mulberry leaf extracts in combination, leading to more obvious health-promoting effects.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 813-820 [Abstract] ( 100 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3035 KB)  ( 99 )
821 Molecular Cloning of agrp Genes and Their Expression Pattern in Scatophagus argus under Fasting and Refeeding
CAI Bosheng, CHEN Huahui, LUO Cuiting, ZHAI Yi, LI Guangli, DENG Siping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21166
To investigate the roles of agouti-related protein/neuropeptide Y (AgRP) neurons in response to starvation and refeeding in spotted scat Scatophagus argus, Agrp1 and agrp2 genes were cloned from the hypothalamus of spotted scat by RT-PCR. The expression level of the two genes in different tissues was detected by qPCR. The expression of agrp1 and agrp2 genes in the hypothalamus, liver and intestine of the normal feeding group (2 d, 7 d), starvation group (2 d, 7 d), and refeeding group (7 d starvation followed by refeeding for 3 h) of spotted scat (body weight: 52—60 g) was investigated. Sequence analysis showed that the open reading frames of agrp1 and agrp2 genes were 429 bp and 351 bp, respectively. Agrp1 gene was mainly expressed in hypothalamus and muscle,whereas agrp2 gene was mainly expressed in hypothalamus and pituitary. No significant change was observed in the expression level of agrp1 gene in hypothalamus after 2 d of food deprivation. However, it decreased after 7 d of food deprivation and then increased to the normal level after refeeding. In liver, the expression level of agrp1 gene was decreased after 2 d of food deprivation, but increased after 7 d of food deprivation andthendecreased to the normal level after refeeding. In intestine, the expression level of agrp1 gene did not change after 2 d of food deprivation. However, it increased significantly after 7 d of food deprivation and then decreased to the same levels of the control group after refeeding.In terms of the expression level of agrp2 gene in the hypothalamus, liver and intestines of the starved group, there was no significant difference comparing with the control group during the fast feeding and refeeding period. In summary, the agrp1 gene might be involved in the regulation of food intake in hypothalamus, liver and intestine in spotted scat.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 821-829 [Abstract] ( 95 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2102 KB)  ( 300 )
830 Acute Toxicity of Water Temperature and Residual Clorine to Juvenile Mud Crab Scylla paramanosain
CHEN Lin, TENG Shuangshuang, LU Zhen, XIAO Guoqiang, CAI Jingbo
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21131
In order to investigate the acute lethal effect of warm drainage in Sanmenwan Nuclear Power Plant on crustacean in the sea area, a 3×12 orthogonal experiment was designed to study the effects of temperature and residual chlorine coupling on the mortality of juvenile Scylla paramamosain by simulating the residual chlorine and temperature rise effect in Sanmenwan Nuclear Power Plant in laboratory. Three different water temperatures ( 25, 30 and 35 ℃), five different gradients of initial free residual chlorine concentration (5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0 and 9.0 mg/L)and five different gradients of combined residual chlorine concentration (30.0, 36.0, 42.0, 48.0 and 54.0 mg/L) were set. At the same time, filtered seawater was set as the control for temperature treatment groups as well as the free chlorine treatments groups, whereas4.5×10-5 mol/L NH4OH was set as the control for the combine chlorine treatment groups. The results showed that the single temperature rise had no significant effect on the survival rate of juvenile S.paramamosain (P>0.05); The mortality rate of the free residual chlorine and combined residual chlorine to the juvenile was further increased in case of coupling with temperature rise. The 96 h semi-lethal concentration (96 h LC50) of free residual chlorine and combined residual chlorine decreased gradually with the rising temperature, and reached the lowest value at 35 ℃. The LC50 values at 96 h at 35 ℃ were 4.455 mg/L and 27.290 mg/L, respectively. The mortality rate increased by 0.316% and 0.027% with 1 ℃ temperature rise and 1 mg/L residual chlorine increase, respectively. At the same time, the safe concentration of free residual chlorinewas ranged from 0.446 mg/L to 0.544 mg/L, and the safe concentration of combined residual chlorineranged from 2.729 mg/L to 3.294 mg/L.The 96 h half-lethal concentration of the combined residual chlorine was about 6 times of the value of the free residual chlorine, and the increase in juvenile crabs mortality caused by free residual chlorine together with temperature rise was about 11.7 times of the mortality caused by the combined residue chlorine only.The findings can provide a scientific basis for evaluating the effecton crustaceans associated with residual chlorine discharge in the sea areaon crustaceans in the sea area of Sanmen Bay Nuclear Power Plant, and also provide a data reference for the formulation ofthe standards of warm water discharge discharge for coastal power plant.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 830-838 [Abstract] ( 101 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3220 KB)  ( 165 )
839 Effects of Green Alga Chlorella pyrenoidosa on Growth Performance, Immune Function, Digestive Enzyme Activities and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus
QUE Jianglong, RAO Yi, XU Xiandong, DING Liyun, ZHANG Haixin, ZHANG Aifang, LI Yanfang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21227
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different levels of Chlorella pyrenoidosa supplementation on growth performance, non-specific immune function, digestive enzyme activities and muscle quality of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus. Grass carps with an average body weight of (105.92±2.79) g were randomly divided into 5 groups (30 fish per group) and fed diets supplemented with 0 (control group), 0.25%, 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% C. pyrenoidosa, respectively, for 28 days. The results showed that the average final body weight, weight gain rate (WGR) and specific growth rate (SGR) in 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% supplemental groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in 0.50%, 0.75% and 1.00% supplemental groups were significantly lower than those in control group (P<0.05). When the addition amount reaches 0.75%, the activities of lysozyme and alkaline phosphatase in serum of grass carp were significantly increased, and the non-specific immune function of grass carp was enhanced (P<0.05). The activity of superoxide dismutase and antioxidant capacity in serum of all groups were significantly increased except 0.25% group. The activities of lipase and trypsin were increased in all groups, while the activities of amylase (except 0.25% group) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in amino acid composition between muscle and control group (P>0.05). The contents of linolenic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in 1.00% group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05), and the contents of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in 0.25%, 0.75% and 1.00% groups were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). In conclusion, adding a certain amount of C. pyrenoidosa to the feed can promote the growth performance, non-specific immune function, antioxidant capacity and muscle quality of grass carp. With the weight gain rate and feed conversion ratio as evaluation index, the optimal supplemental level of C. pyrenoidosa in the feed of grass carp is 0.75%.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 839-846 [Abstract] ( 112 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1029 KB)  ( 388 )
847 Effects of Protein Level on Growth, Body Composition and Serum Biochemical Indices of Chinese Ink Carp Procypris merus
XIE Yutong, CHEN Xiaoying, HUANG Wen, CAO Junming, WU Haomin, WANG Guoxia
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21195
A 62-day feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of different protein levels on growth performance, body composition and serum biochemical indices of juvenile Chinese ink carp Procypris merus, and to explore the optimal protein requirements. Juvenile Chinese ink carp with an initial body weight of (4.41±0.01) g were reared in a circulating water glass tank (150 L) and fed five kinds of iso-lipid and iso-energy diets containing 25%, 30%, 35%, 40% and 45% protein by adjusted by casein levels to investigate the effects of different crude protein levels on the growth performance, body composition and serum biochemical indices and optimum crude protein requirement of the juveniles at water temperature of 25.5—31.5 ℃. The results showed that weight gain rate and specific growth rate continued to increase with dietary crude protein level increasing (P<0.05), significantly higher in 45% group than those in 25%, 30% and 35% groups. The ingestion rate, feed conversion ratio was shown to be decreased (P<0.05), significantly lower in 40% group than that in 25%, 30% and 35% groups, without significant differences in condition factor and hepatosomatic indices among all groups (P>0.05). The crude lipid content of whole body was inversely proportional to dietary crude protein level, significantly higher in 25% and 30% groups than that in the other groups, without significant changes in crude protein, moisture and ash contents of fish body among all groups (P>0.05). With the dietary protein level increasing, serum cholesterol, and triglyceride contents, and activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were firstly increased and then decreased (P<0.05), significantly lower in 45% group than those in 30% group. The contents of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density/low-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found to be firstly decreased and then increased (P<0.05), significantly higher in 45% group than those in 30% group, without significant differences in blood glucose and low density lipoprotein cholesterol among all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, juvenile Chinese ink carp has good growth performance in 40% and 45% groups, without significant difference between the two groups, and the optimal dietary crude protein level is 40% for juvenile Chinese ink carp under the experimental conditions, combined with economic benefits.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 847-853 [Abstract] ( 103 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1003 KB)  ( 223 )
854 Effects of High Temperature and Feeding Frequency on Mortality, Growth and Podocysts Reproduction of Scyphozoan Rhopilema esculentum Young Polyps
SUN Ming, DUAN Yan, WANG Yaqi, CHEN Fudi, SUN Jianming
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21162
Combined effects of high temperature (control group of 20 ℃, summer normal temperature, and summer high temperature) and feeding frequency (no feeding, feeding once a week, and feeding once every 2 days) on the mortality, growth and podocyst reproduction of Rhopilema esculentum polyps were studied under control conditions in a lab for 45 d. The results showed that feeding frequency significantly affected the mortality of polyps under high temperature conditions (P<0.05). High temperature, feeding frequency and their interaction significantly affected the relative growth rate (P<0.05). At the end of the experiment, podocysts number produced by polyps was increased with the increase in feeding frequency. There was the most podocyst germinated rate of 34.34% in the group of summer normal temperature and feeding once a week. Feeding frequency had a significant effect on the podocysts number produced by polyps and podocyst germinated rate (P<0.05), while high temperature and their interaction had no significant effects the two indices(P>0.05). The results showed that although the mortality of polyps was high under high temperature, the survival polyps had high production of podocysts. Podocyst reproduction was accelerated with the warming temperature, which may be one of reproduction strategy in response to high temperature. The findings can provide scientific basis for improving the seedling breeding technology of R. esculentum and predicting the R. esculentum medusae yield accurately.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 854-861 [Abstract] ( 94 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1094 KB)  ( 267 )
862 Effects of Inactivated Vaccine of Infectious Spleen and Kidney Necrosis Virus on Intestinal Microflora of Mandarin Fish Siniperca chuatsi
HE Runzhen, ZHU Ningyu, LIANG Qianrong, ZHENG Xiaoye, CHEN Xiaoming, YAO Gaohua, DING Xueyan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21143
In order to explore the effect of inactivated infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV) vaccine on the composition, structure and related functional genes of gut microbes in mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi, the mandarin fish with body weight of (20.0±1.8) g was intraperitoneally injected with the inactivated ISKNV vaccine, and was injected with an equal volume of sterile saline in the control group. The fish in the control group and the immunized group were reared in the same pond separated by an enclosure for 28 days when 10 intestinal fecal samples were collected from each group, and sequenced by high-throughput sequencing to construct a library. A total of 9669 Unigenes with an average length of 543 bp were obtained by high-throughput sequencing. Alpha diversity analysis showed that Chao1 index was higher in the control group, and Shannon index and Simpson index were higher in the immunized group, indicating that the variety was decreased and the diversity and richness were shown to be increased in gut microbes of the immunized mandarin fish. Proteobacteria was the dominant phyla in the control group, with abundance of 72.23%, at the phylum level, with the relative abundance of 28.57% in Proteobacteria and 11.13% in Chlamydia in the immune group. At the genus level, Aeromonas was the dominant genera in the control group, with the relative abundance of 71.73%. In the immunized group, Chlamydia and Escherichia were the dominant genera, with the abundance of 11.57% and 8.7%, respectively. Compared with the control group, 9656 differentially genes were enriched in the immunized group, with 840 high abundance genes and 8816 low abundance genes. Differential genes were mainly enriched in the two-component system, ABC transporter, purine metabolism, quorum sensing, bacterial chemotaxis, flagellar assembly and bacterial secretion system, and the abundance of most genes in the pathway were decreased in the immunized group. Injection administration of inactivated ISKNV vaccine resulted in changes in intestinal microflora and functional genes, with decrease in proportions of Aeromonas hydrophila and A. veronii, and increase in proportions of intestinal beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bacillus and Paenibacillus, which provides new insights into immune mechanism of vaccines.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 862-870 [Abstract] ( 93 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (7064 KB)  ( 128 )
871 Effects of Medicated Bath on Gut Microbiota of Juvenile Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
LI Shilei, YANG Huihua, ZHANG Qian, WANG Xuda, DONG Ying, YE Bo, ZHAO Zhenjun, WANG Xiaoyue, LIU Danni, CAO Chen, ZHOU Zunchun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22017
Effects of antibiotic medicine bath on gut microbiota of juvenile sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus were explored in this study. When changing the breeding pond, the common group and the medicine bath group were set. The juvenile sea cucumber in the common group were cultured normally without medicine bath. The juvenile sea cucumber in the medicine bath group were bathed with florfenicol at the concentration of 0.1 g/L for 15 min. Two groups of intestinal samples were taken at 24, 48 and 72 h after changing the breeding pond for 16S rDNA high-throughput sequencing analysis. The results showed that the gut microbiota structure of juvenile sea cucumber in the common group were basically the same as that of juvenile sea cucumber before changing the breeding pond. The gut microbiota diversity of juvenile sea cucumber in the medicine bath group changed greatly, with the maximal bacterial diversity at 24 h, then decreased gradually. The relative abundance of the dominant bacterial phylum Proteobacteria in juvenile sea cucumber was more than 98%. At 24, 48 and 72 h after the medicine bath, the relative abundance of the Proteobacteria in juvenile sea cucumber were 90.51%, 92.99% and 96.63%, respectively. The relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Planctomycetes, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, Verrucomicrobia and Firmicutes was increased, and the new detection of Dadabacteria, Dependentiae and Gemmatimonadetes. The relative abundance of dominant bacteria Noviherbaspirillum in the intestines of juvenile sea cucumber in the common group were more than 95%. The relative abundance of Noviherbaspirillum in the intestines of juvenile sea cucumber was decreased to 2.46%, and Phyllobacterium, Candidatus Competitor and Sphingomonas became new dominant bacteria at 24 h after the medicine bath. The relative abundance of Noviherbaspirillum was increased to 36.7% at 48 h and 69.9% at 72 h after the medicine bath, others gradually decreased, and the gut microbiota structure gradually recovered to that before the medicine bath. Antibiotic bath was suggested to break the balance of gut microbiota structure of juvenile sea cucumber, which may affect the digestion and absorption of juvenile sea cucumber and increase the risk of disease. Antibiotic bath is not recommended when changing the breeding pond. The finding provides theoretical basis and technical support for healthy culture of sea cucumber.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 871-877 [Abstract] ( 102 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3592 KB)  ( 109 )
878 Effect of Tussah Immunoreactive Substances and Tussah Antibacterial Peptide on Growth, and Immunity of Yesso Scallop Patinopecten yessoensis
MA Shuhui, TIAN Bin, SUN Yongxin, LI Xuejun, MI Rui, WEN Zhixin, MENG Nan, LI Yajie, LI Shuying, DU Xingfan
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21240
Tussah immunoreactive substances (TIS) and tussah antibacterial peptide (TAP) are prepared by a specific process after the immune induction of tussah pupa. As natural antibacterial substances, they have been used in animal breeding and have made some effects. In order to study the effects of TIS and TAP on growth, immune-related enzyme activities and disease resistance of Yesso scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, three hundred and twenty scallops with initial average body weight of (54.75±0.07) g were temporarily reared for one week and randomly divided into four treatment groups: control (provided with a diet of only micro-algae), tussah pupa powder supplementation (2% at the final concentration), TIS supplementation (2% at the final concentration), and TAP supplementation (2% at the final concentration) for 30 days. The results showed that the activities of lysozyme, acid phosphatase and superoxide dismutase were significantly higher in TAP supplementation treatment than those in the other three groups (P<0.05), with significant increase in the specific growth rate (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in catalase activity (P>0.05). Infectious diseases occurred during the experiment; the mortality rate of the TAP group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The activities of lysozyme and superoxide dismutase were decreased significantly in TP and TIS groups (P<0.05);the activities of acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and the specific growth rate were decreased compared with the control group (P>0.05);the mortality rate exhibited significant increase (P<0.05). Above all, the dietary of TAP at dose of 2% can improve growth, innate immunity of scallops and enhance the resistance, which can be used in Yesso scallop production and farming.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 878-883 [Abstract] ( 85 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1175 KB)  ( 81 )
884 Effects of Three Environmental Factors on Nitrogen Absorption of Filamentous alga Cladophora
WANG Luping, TANG Yongtao, WANG Chen, TANG Boping, CHENG Yongxu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21086
Nitrogen is one of the important nutrients of aquatic plants. The utilization capacity of nitrogen plays an important role in the niche competition of aquatic plants. However, the utilization of nitrogen is also affected by environmental factors. In this study, we focused on Cladophora, which has important influence on culture, aiming to explore the influence of environmental factors on Cladophora nitrogen absorption, and provide ideas for nitrogen removal or biomass control. In this experiment, NH4Cl was used as nitrogen source, and light incubator was used as culture condition. The nitrogen uptake of Cladophora was detected continuously. The time course and appropriate concentration for the stable absorption of NH4+-N in Cladophora were determined. Accordingly, orthogonal experiment of temperature, pH and light intensity L9(33) with different gradients was carried out. The results showed that Cladophora had a linear absorption of NH4+-N (R2>0.99) when the concentration of NH4+-N was 80 μmol/L within 0.5—1.5 h. The orthogonal experiment results showed that there wasa significant effect of temperature on the absorption of NH4+-N in Cladophora (P<0.05), whereas no significant effects for light intensity and pH (P>0.05). The effect of the above three factors on the absorption rate of NH4+-N in Cladophora was in such an order: temperature>pH> light intensity. The three-factor combination that was most conducive to the absorption in NH4+-N of Cladophora was temperature of 25 ℃, pH of 9, and light intensity of 4500 lx. The correlation analysis of various enzymes, total antioxidant capacity and ammonia nitrogen absorption rate of Cladophora showed that environmental factors influenced nitrogen absorption by various enzymes and non-enzymes. The finding provides a scientific basis for scientific research, the purification of sewage by Cladophora and the prediction and inhibition of the occurrence of filamentous algae such as Cladophora.
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 884-890 [Abstract] ( 88 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1424 KB)  ( 323 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
891 A Review: Research Progress in Nutritional Requirements and Feed in Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii
JIN Honghao, LI Yu, LI Zhe, SUN Wenbo, ZOU Xinxi, LUO Li, ZHAI Xuliang, LI Hong, JIN Suya, LUO Hui, LYU Guangjun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21181
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 891-900 [Abstract] ( 133 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1074 KB)  ( 566 )
901 Research Advances on Biological Function and in Vitro Expression of Hepcidin in Fish
YAN Yan, LI Xudong, PEI Chao, KONG Xianghui
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21251
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 901-910 [Abstract] ( 125 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1412 KB)  ( 432 )
911 Research Progress on Prevention and Control Technology of Mariculture Wastewater: a Review
LI Nan, HU Chaokui, WANG Kun, DU Jing, HE Jian, WU Jinhao
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22030
2023 Vol. 42 (5): 911-920 [Abstract] ( 128 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1114 KB)  ( 478 )
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