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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2024 Vol. 43, No. 3 Published: 2024-05-25

Research and Application Overview and Specific Topic

Research and Application

	341	*Changes in Nutrient Quality and Correlationship between Scallop Chlamys farreri* and Environmental Factors in Whole Culture Period**
		SONG Dongru, PENG Jixing, LU Longfei, ZHAO Xinnan, JIANG Weiwei, WU Haiyan, ZHENG Guanchao, GUO Mengmeng, TAN Zhijun
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22120
		In order to explore the growth traits and nutritional composition of scallop Chlamys farreri and its correlation with environmental factors in the aquaculture area, the growth traits and nutrient contents were monthly determined in the scallop with different months old and seawater environmental indicators collected in three fixed sites(N 37°09′29",E 122°34′46";N 37°10′05",E 122°35′57";N 37°10′13",E 122°35′05")in the scallop culture area of Rongcheng Allan Bay, Shandong Province from October 2020 (6 months old) to April 2022 (24 months old) (Due to epidemic control, samples collected every other month from October 2021 to April 2022). The samples from October 2020 (6 months old) to April 2021 (12 months old) were one-yearling scallop, samples from May 2021 (13 months old) to April 2022 (24 months old) were two-yearling scallop, and correlation networks were used to analyze correlated factors that affect the accumulation of nutritional components. The results showed that the scallop had good growth in spring and autumn, due to the obviously seasonal characteristics of water temperature, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a content and good growth in shell length rapidly at the age of 1 year old, and rapid increase in body weight and soft part weight from the age of 2 years old (18 months to 24 months old). There was higher content of fat in the scallop in winter and spring, with higher content of protein in summer and autumn. Correlation analysis showed that nutrients accumulation and content fluctuation of the scallop were affected by age, growth cycle and environmental factors, and the growth was greatly affected by water temperature, dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a. The findings provide reference for the cultivation of scallops.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 341-351 [Abstract] ( 233 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (9395 KB) ( 76 )

	352	Identification and Analysis of Spfox-1 Gene and Its Regulation-Related lncRNA in Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain
		WANG Jinjunsi, ZHONG Zhaowei, ZHANG Ziping, WANG Yilei
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22122
		In order to explore the role of Spfox-1 gene and lncRNA with targeting relationship in gonadal development and larval development of mud crab Scylla paramamosain, Spfox-1 sequences with a 1410 bp open reading frame were obtained from its mature male and female gonadal transcriptome. The protein encoded by this sequence contained an RRM domain, which further predicts the acquisition of an lncRNA HX26820 that may have a targeting relationship with Spfox-1. Multiple comparisons and phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that the RRM domain of Spfox-1 was highly conserved and closely related to that of other arthropods. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR results showed that Spfox-1 was expressed in various tissues/organs of mature mud crab to varying extent, with the maximal expression in the ovary and brain ganglion in male. There was significantly higher expression of Spfox-1 at the vitellogenesis stage than that at other stages of ovarian development during gonadal development, while during the development of the testis, the expression continued to be declined. The expression of Spfox-1 was shown to be gradually increased from zoea Ⅴ stage to larval Ⅰ stage during larval development. However, the expression of lncRNA HX26820 with targeted relationship with Spfox-1 continued to decline during ovarian development, with high expression in only Z5. The results indicate that Spfox-1 and lncRNA HX26820 may participate in the process of ovarian development and larval development. The overexpression experiment showed that lncRNA HX26820 inhibited the expression of Spfox-1, suggesting that it may have a negative regulatory effect on the function of Spfox-1 in gonadal and larval development. It is the first time to investigate the correlation of gene and lncRNA in a cell line in mud crab, which laid a certain foundation for the study of regulation mechanism of lncRNA in crustaceans.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 352-362 [Abstract] ( 126 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (16237 KB) ( 54 )

	363	Purifying Capacity of Wastewater in Rice-Crab Co-Culture
		SUN Jingyu, LI Min, GUO Jinliang, LI Kui, SHI Wei, QIU Wenjie, GUAN Weibing
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22101
		In order to probe into the ability of rice-crab co-cropping mode to purify pond culture tailwater, rice-crab co-culture was carried out in the large-scale rice-crab cocropping-pond culture coupling system with 52 hm² of rice field and 20 hm² of Chinese mitten handed crab Eriocheir sinensis culture area in Yinchuan area, Ningxia. The water quality indicators including dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrous nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen contents were analyzed in the water body of paddy inlet and outlet in the 6 rice crab co-cropping ponds. The results showed that the maximal removal rates were 69.2% for ammonia nitrogen, 14.0% for phosphate and 100% for nitrite nitrogen in the water outlet of the experimental paddy fields in 2020. In 2021, the maximal removal rates were 25.1% for ammonia nitrogen and 100% for nitrite nitrogen in the outlet of the experimental paddy fields. In 2022, the maximal removal rates of 76.9% for ammonia nitrogen, 74.4% for phosphate and 100% for nitrite nitrogen. The best purification effect on the aquaculture wastewater was observed in the paddy field in 2022. In conclusion, the rice-crab co-culture model can reduce the contents of ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and nitrite nitrogen in aquaculture wastewater significantly, effectively purify the aquaculture wastewater, and have a positive impact on the ecological environment.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 363-371 [Abstract] ( 123 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4283 KB) ( 102 )

	372	Analysis of Appearance Color and Biochemical Composition in Three Types of Diseased Kelp Laminaria japonica
		LIU Xiaohui, LIU Wei, WANG Xiangyu, LYU Fang, WU Haiyi, ZHAN Dongmei
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22089
		In order to understand the variances and relationships between appearance color and biochemical composition of different diseased kelp Laminaria japonica, the differences in color indices (L^, a^, b^, BI, c^, and h^) and biochemical composition contents (moisture, chlorophyll a, carotenoid, soluble protein, alginate) were compared in three types of diseased kelp (spot white rotten kelp, green rotten kelp and twisted kelp) sampled from Rongcheng mariculture region by variance analysis and discriminant analysis. Correlation analysis between color indices and biochemical composition contents was also conducted for further exploration. The results showed that the chromatism value was ranged from 7.41 to 15.24 in the three types of diseased kelp and the color indices of L^, a^, b^ and c^* were significantly different (P<0.05), in which the variable coefficient of a^* was the maximal with 48.18%. The green rotten kelp had the minimal a^, the maximal L^, b^, c^ values, and the contrast case was observed in the twist kelp. The color indices value of spot white rotten kelp was between the green rotten kelp and twisted kelp. The biochemical components of chlorophyll a, carotenoid and soluble protein were significantly different (P<0.05) in the three types of diseased kelp, with the maximal variable coefficient of soluble protein content (22.08%). There were the maximal content of chlorophyll a and the minimal content of soluble protein in spot white rotten kelp and green rotten kelp had the minimal content of carotenoid and twist kelp the maximal content of carotenoid. The total discrimination accuracy was found to be 78.90% based on color indices and 100.00% based on biochemical composition contents in the three types of diseased kelp. The color index a^* was found to be positive correlated with the contents of chlorophyll a and carotenoid in green rotten kelp samples (r=0.99, r=0.99), and there existed strong correlation between color indices of L^, b^, c^* and the content of soluble protein in all the three types of diseased kelp (\|r\| = 0.94—0.99).
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 372-380 [Abstract] ( 91 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (7127 KB) ( 112 )

	381	Primary Culture and Identification of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Sea Bass Lateolabrax maculatus
		LI Sha, LIU Ziyan, YANG Hongling, CAI Guohe, NIE Qingjie, ZHANG Chunxiao, SUN Yunzhang
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23004
		The aim of this study was to establish a stable and reliable primary culture method for intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) of sea bass Lateolabrax maculatus. The intestinal epithelial cells of sea bass were cultured and evaluated by tissue block method and enzyme digestion method, the optimal digestion solution and digestion time of enzyme digestion method were determined, and the obtained cell suspension was cultured in L-15 medium. The cells were identified by morphological observation, transmission electron microscopy and alkaline phosphatase staining methods. The results showed that the unstable and long migration time of the cell migration were observed in tissue block method; the optimal digestion solution was collagenase Ⅰ and Ⅳ combined digestion solution, with the optimal digestion time of 45 min. The cells obtained by collagenase Ⅰ and Ⅳ combined digestion were closely connected and arranged in order, showing the typical "paving stone" shape of epithelial cells, with relatively independent cells and clear boundaries. Transmission electron microscopy and alkaline phosphatase staining further confirmed that the cultured cells were intestinal epithelial cells. In conclusion, the primary intestinal epithelial cells with consistent initial conditions and vigorous growth were obtained after 45 min of digestion with collagenase Ⅰ and Ⅳ digestion solution and following by 48 h culture.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 381-389 [Abstract] ( 105 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (27990 KB) ( 36 )

	390	Effects of Short-Term Ammonia Nitrogen Stress and Recovery on Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii
		WU Le, LI Jiayao, ZHOU Wenzong, CHENG Yongxu
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23038
		In order to investigate effects of ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery on the antioxidant and immune enzyme activities and tissue structure of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, acute toxicity tests and ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery tests were conducted. In the acute toxicity test,the crayfish with body weight of (6.33±0.73) g were exposed to water with total ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 0, 100.00, 141.42, 200.00, 282.84, and 400.00 mg/L, corresponding to non-ionized ammonia concentrations of 0, 4.02, 5.68, 8.04, 11.37, and 16.07 mg/L. In the ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery test, the crayfish were exposed to 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L, the corresponding non-ionized ammonia mass concentrations of 0, 4.02, 5.68, 8.04, 11.37, and 16.07 mg/L. The antioxidant and immune enzyme activities in hepatopancreas, gills, and serum, as well as the structural changes of the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues in each group, were compared at 48 hours of stress and 48 hours of recovery.The results showed that the sub-lethal mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile crayfish was 359.37 mg/L in 24 h, 238.09 mg/L in 48 h, 196.34 mg/L in 72 h, and 162.00 mg/L in 96 h, with safe mass concentration of 16.20 mg/L. There was significantly increase in total superoxide dismutase activity in hepatopancreas in the other treatment groups than that in the control group except for the 20 mg/L group in 48 h of ammonia nitrogen stress.The significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity was observed in the gill and significant increase in the catalase activity in the 80 mg/L group, and significant increase in the total antioxidant capacity inthe serum in the 80 mg/L group. After 48 h of recovery, the content of malondialdehyde in hepatopancreas and gills and the total antioxidant capacity in serum of 60 mg/L group, the catalase activity in gills in the 80 mg/L group were significantly increased compared with the control group, and enzyme activities in other experimental groups was recovered to the same level as the control group. With the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration for 48 h, the hepatopancreas lumen was gradually deformed, transport vesicles were enlarged, respiratory epithelial cells of the gill began to shed, and microvascular lumen was damaged. After 48 h of recovery,largely normal histological structure of hepatopancreas was found. In the 40, 60 and 80 mg/L groups, the local respiratory epithelial cells were exfoliated and the microvascular lumen was damaged. The results indicate that the damage to the antioxidation, immune enzymes, and tissue structure of the red swamp crayfish caused by 48 h of stress with 20 mg/L ammonia nitrogen are repaired after 48 h of recovery. The gills remain stressed recovered in the crayfish which are subjected to 40, 60, 80 mg/L ammonia nitrogen 48 h stress for 48 hours.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 390-399 [Abstract] ( 114 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4182 KB) ( 80 )

	400	Effects of Carrageenan on Growth, Enzyme Activities and Intestinal Microbial Composition of Discus Fish Symphysodon haraldi
		ZHANG Haoran, WEN Bin, PAN Yunchao, YANG Botian, GAO Jianzhong, CHEN Zaizhong
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22054
		In order to evaluate effects of carrageenan on growth, digestive enzyme activity, antioxidant enzyme activity and intestinal microbial composition of discus fish Symphysodon haraldi, the discus fish with initial body weight of (10.81±2.41) g was reared in 80 L breeding tanks at stocking density of 15 individuals per tank, and fed diet containing 0% (and beef heart burger as controls), 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15% carrageenan at water temperature of (28.0±0.5) ℃ for 56 days. The results showed that the maximal weight gain rate and specific growth rate were observed in 3% carrageenan group. There were significantly higher pepsin activity and foregut amylase activity in 3% carrageenan group than those in other groups, and significantly lower liver malondialdehyde level and glutathione peroxidase activities than other experimental groups. The activity of superoxide dismutase was significantly higher in liver of the discus fish fed the diet containing 12% of carrageenan than that in other experimental groups. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was significantly higher in intestinal microbial composition in 3% carrageenan group than that in other groups at phylum level, and the relative abundance of Fusobacteria decreased. In terms of genus level, there was no Lactococcus in the beef heart burger group, significantly higher content of Rombuutsia in 3% carrageenan group than that in other carrageenan groups, and significantly higher content of the Cetobacterium than that in other groups. It was found that addition of 3% carrageenan improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate of disc fish, significantly increased the activity of pepsin and foregut amylase, without oxidative stress, and with increase in relative abundance of Proteus, Rombudsia and Lactococcus. Under the conditions of this experiment, 3% of carrageenan is of the appropriate dietary amount for discus fish.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 400-409 [Abstract] ( 97 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (4271 KB) ( 99 )

	410	*Detection of Five Pathogens from Kuruma Prawn Marsupenaeus japonicus* Farmed in Dalian Region**
		CHEN Wenbo, REN Xue, LI Na, ZHANG Saisai, LI Linhan, ZENG Fanshuang, HAN Yuzhe, REN Tongjun
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.21002
		Shrimp hemocyte iridescent virus (SHIV), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), Vibrio parahaemolyticus acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (VP_AHPND), and Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) were detected in samples of kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus with body weight of (22.5±2.5) g collected from the main farm regions in Dalian region, Liaoning Province, including Chengzitan, Xianyuwan, Qingdui, and other 5 regions in September 2019 by PCR methods. The results showed that the main pathogens carried by the kuruma prawn were WSSV, SHIV, EHP, IHHNV and VP_AHPND, with positive detection rates of 9.99%, 4.30%, 3.74%, 2.24%, and 1.05%, respectively. In addition, WSSV and VP_AHPND from Chengzitan region showed the maximal positive rates, and SHIV, IHHNV and EHP from Qingdui, Xianyuwan and Shihe regions showed the maximal positive rates. The findings will provide scientific reference for the pathogen control strategies for kuruma prawn culture in Dalian.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 410-419 [Abstract] ( 102 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (6136 KB) ( 49 )

	420	Comparison of Growth and Ecological Adaptability of Five Populations of Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii
		ZOU Yufan, WU Weijie, BAI Zhiyi, FENG Jianbin, WU Min, JIANG Jun, LI Jiale
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22056
		Five breeding groups of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii were introduced from Gehu, Xinghua, Jianhu, Wuhu and Jianli in Wuhu, Anhui province in 2020. The ecological adaptability of different populations of P. clarkii seedlings was compared under the same culture conditions in the same period of 2021, including growth, dispersal rate, crawling rate and desiccation stress. The results showed that Gehu populations[female: (7.52±0.15) cm, (13.4±0.85) g; male: (7.53±0.12) cm, (14.25±0.90) g]had the best growth performance for females and males in May in terms of body length and body weight. In May, except Wuhu population, there were significantly larger body length and body weight in the male than those in the female, with the best growth rate of body length (41%) and body weight (167%) in Jianhu group from March to April, and in Wuhu group (24% and 83%, respectively) from April to May. In May, there was larger proportion of female abdominal length to body length than that of male, with the maximal survival rate of 59.33% in the Gehu populations and the minimum of 50.67% in Jianli populations. The descending order of diffusion rate in pond was described as: Jianhu>Xinghua>Gehu>Jianli>Wuhu, with significantly better in Jianhu and Xinghua populations than that in the other three populations, and the fastest diffusion time of (291.67±25.43) s in Jianhu population, and the slowest diffusion time of (661.33±32.94) s in Wuhu population. There was no significant difference in crawling rate among different populations. The air exposure stress test showed that the air exposure time of juvenile shrimp did not over 18 h, and the descending order of survival rate in 48 h air exposure was Wuhu>Gehu>Xinghua>Jianli>Jianhu, with the survival rate of (87.78±1.11)% in Wuhu groups, and (68.89±1.92)% in Jianhu group. The finding provides reference for the evaluation of growth performance and ecological adaptability of different populations of P. clarkii, and lays a foundation for the next breeding, which has certain application value and practical significance.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 420-428 [Abstract] ( 124 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1086 KB) ( 170 )

	429	Effects of Different Diets on Metamorphosis of Megalopa in Mud Crab Scylla paramamosain
		QIAO Guangde, MA Chunyan, ZHANG Fengying, WANG Wei, ZHAO Ming, CHEN Wei, FU Yin , LIU Zhiqiang, MA Lingbo
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22115
		In order to find the suitable diets for megalopa of mud crab Scylla paramamosain during its metamorphosis period, (1000±30) megalopa larvae were reared in an incubation bucket containing 360 L water and fed Artemia nauplius, frozen copepods, frozen adult Artemia, formulated feed and no feeding until the metamorphosed into crabs to evaluate effects of feeding different diets on the water quality in aquaculture water, the molting metamorphosis of the larvae, the activity of immune-related enzymes and digestive enzymes. The results showed that there were the minimal ammonia nitrogen content and nitrite content and the maximal survival rate in the cultured water in Artemia nauplius group. The megalopa larvae had 1—3 days shorter development period in the Artemia nauplii group than that in the other three groups, with significantly longer carapace length and carapace width than those in the formulated diets group, without significant difference between frozen copepods group and frozen Artemia groups. There were no significant differences in acid phosphatase activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, superoxide dismutase activity and α-amylase activity among the four groups. The lysozyme activity and total antioxidant capacity were shown to be not significantly different in the Artemia nauplius group from those in frozen copepods and frozen Artemia groups, significantly higher than those in the formulated diet group. There were significantly higher trypsin and lipase activities in Artemia group than those in the other three groups, indicating that the Artemia nauplii were more suitable as a diet for the megalopa of mud crab, which positively affected the water quality, the molting survival rate, immunoenzyme activity and digestive activity of the juvenile crab. The effects of frozen copepods and frozen Artemia were both better than formulated diets, though they had slightly worse effect. It was found that frozen copepods and frozen Artemia were used as partial substitutes for Artemia nauplii during the larval rearing of the mud crab megalopa, which can help to reduce the production costs, simplify the production process, and eventually promote the large-scale production of seedlings in this crab. The findings provided the basis for the selection of food during the artificial cultivation of the mud crab seed.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 429-436 [Abstract] ( 99 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2789 KB) ( 47 )

	437	Digestive Tract Structure and Feeding Habits in Gymnocypris potanini firmispinatus
		LIANG Ji, XIONG Zhonghao, MA Daiqiang, YAN Wenchu, HE Chunlin, LIU Hang, XIONG Sen
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22114
		In order to investigate the relationship between the structural characteristics of digestive tract and feeding habits of Gymnocypris potanini firmisinatus, 66 samples with body weight of 10—19 g and body length of about 10 cm were collected using traps and gill nets in the third level tributary of the Jinsha River, Sun Shui River, in early August and November 2022. Then the morphology, intestinal tissue structure, and dietary characteristics of the wild G. potanini firmisinatus were investigated by anatomical, histological, and gastric content analysis methods. It was found that the G. potanini firmispinatus has sub-hypognathous, blunt and hard cutin low jaw, and the intestine is divided into foregut, midgut and hindgut according intestinal nature turn. The histological observation showed that large and thick intestinal canal, numerous goblet cells and large absorption area were observed in foregut which the primary functions of storing, grinding, digesting foods and nutrition absorption. The midgut as one of the major absorption organs was featured by large absorption area, and the slender hindgut funetioned excretion and part of absorption functions, with absorption area of about 63.6% of the foregut. G. potanini firmispinatus feed algae, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic animals and aquatic vascular plants, with the dominant foods of algae and benthic animals. The findings indicate that G. potanini firmispinatus is a benthic omnivorous (prefer carnivorous) species, and has feeding habit corresponding to morphology and histological structure of digestive tract, and that the findings will provide theoretical basis for basic biology and digestive mechanism of G. potanini firmispinatus.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 437-444 [Abstract] ( 109 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (7321 KB) ( 52 )

	445	Effect of Incubation Humidity on Development of Calipash Related Traits and Collagen Deposition in Embryos of Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle Pelodiscus sinensis
		FU Kailin, CHEN Peiheng, YANG Mingkang, WU Juntao, LI Caiyan
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22100
		The same batch of fertilized eggs [(3.05±0.05) g] laid by 5-year-old Chinese soft-shelled turtle Pelodiscus sinensis were incubated without contact in a laboratory naked incubator, incubated at 65% and 85% relative humidity, starting from the 18th stage, 20 embryos of 18, 20, 22, 24 and 26 stages were taken respectively, the calipash tissue was quickly dissected, and the collagen content was analyzed and determined by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and some samples were fixed in paraformaldehyde. The effects of two hatching humidity on the external morphology and accumulation of collagen matter in embryonic Chinese soft-shelled turtles were studied by histological analysis by Sirius red staining. It was found that the calipash related traits including embryo length, dorsal carapace index (dorsal carapace weight/body weight), calipash index (calipash weight/body weight), dorsal carapace ratio (dorsal carapace length/body length) and calipash ratio (body length/calipash width) showed an overall increasing tendency as embryos developed. The embryonic development at relative humidity of 85% had significant bigger embryo size and higher collagen content at most development stages compared with those embryos incubated at relative humidity of 65%. The results of picrosirius red staining showed that the calipash tissue of embryos incubated under relative humidity of 85% showed strong orange yellow or bright red polarized light, and the proportion of type I collagen in the calipash tissue was increased with embryo development, which was significantly higher than that in relative humidity of 65% (P<0.01). The observed rapid promoted mRNA level of type I collagen gene of Chinese soft-shelled turtle incubated at relative humidity of 85% in developmental stage 22 indicated that the biosynthesis of collagen in Chinese soft-shelled turtle embryos was induced. The findings indicated that relative incubation humidity of 85% was conducive to more collagen deposition and more preferable calipash traits during the embryonic development, which provided the possible manipulation of calipash trait development by incubation humidity changing.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 445-452 [Abstract] ( 82 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3038 KB) ( 104 )

	453	Comparison of Growth Characteristics of Postlarvae and Juveniles among Four Species or Hybrids of Sturgeon in Mountainous Area of Chongqing
		TANG Zhengxian, YANG Longjiang, HE Die, LI Yang, REN Chaoying, HAN Lulu, PENG Xiaoqian, YANG Chengnian, ZHU Chengke
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22112
		In order to effectively screen out suitable sturgeon varieties for breeding in mountainous areas of Chongqing, 4 four species or hybrids of postlarvae and juveniles sturgeons including Amur sturgeon Acipenser schrenckii, hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii ♀×A. schrenckii ♂), hybrid sturgeon (A. schrenckii ♀×A. baerii♂) and hybrid sturgeon (Huso dauricus♀×A. schrenckii ♂) were raised in a blue circular fiberglass basin with a diameter of 2 m and height of 0.6 m, at stocking density of 3000 fish in each basin for 84 d to compare and analyze their embryonic development time, morphological characteristics, survival rates and growth characteristics. At the beginning, the postlarvae were fed crushed water earthworms, and after 7 d (about 3 cm in total length), soft particle feed made from particle feed and water earthworm slurry and dried in the shade, and after 15 to 20 days of feeding conversion, the juveniles were fed special particle feed for sturgeons for 84 days. The results showed that the post-embryonic development time of Amur sturgeon and the hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii ♀×A. schrenckii ♂) was earlier than that of hybrid sturgeon (A. schrenckii♀×A. baerii♂) and hybrid sturgeon (H. dauricus♀×A. schrenckii♂) under the test conditions of water temperature (17.94±0.54) ℃, dissolved oxygen concentration of (8.91±0.32) mg/L, and pH of 8.09±0.43, with different external morphological characteristics of juvenile sturgeon in four species or hybrids. There was the maximal survival rate in hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii♀×A. schrenckii♂) (65.33±2.12)%, significantly higher than that in hybrid sturgeon (A. schrenckii♀×A. baerii♂), Amur sturgeon and hybrid sturgeon (Huso dauricus♀×A. schrenckii♂). The specific growth rate of four sturgeon species or hybrids were shown to be decreased with increasing age after 7 days old, and the growth model showed that the hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii♀×A. schrenckii♂) had the maximal total length growth rate, from (0.81±0.34) cm to (16.67±1.37) cm, and the hybrid sturgeon (H. dauricus♀×A. schrenckii♂) had better body weight growth rate, followed by hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii♀×A. schrenckii♂), but after 77 days old the hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii♀×A. schrenckii♂) had weight growth rate over that of hybrid sturgeon (Huso dauricus♀×A. schrenckii♂). Through the test, it is first known that the hybrid sturgeon (A. baerii♀×A. schrenckii♂) has obvious growth advantage reared under the mountain spring water conditions in Chongqing.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 453-460 [Abstract] ( 83 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1535 KB) ( 70 )

	461	Fluxes of Nitrogen and Phosphorus at Sediment-Water Interface in Different Marine Polyculture Ponds
		CHEN Zhong
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22095
		In order to obtain basic information for the management of ecological health cultivation and environmental control of sediment-water quality in marine polyculture ponds, the concentrations of NO^-₂, NO^-₃, NH⁺₄ and DIP at sediment-water surface in three different culture patterns including (1#) jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum+ Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei+ razor calm Sinonovacula constricta, (2#) R. culentum+ L. vannamei+ Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, and (3#) R. culentum+ L. vannameiwere detected during the whole culture period from June to October, and the influxes of NO^-_X-N, NH⁺₄-N and DIP were analyzed. The results showed that the NO^-_X-N mainly diffused from overlying water to sediment in the three polyculture ponds during whole aquaculture, except the pond 3# in the Oct. The NH⁺₄-N mainly diffused from overlying water to sediment in ponds 1# and 2#, except the pond 2# in June. Compared to ponds1# and 2#, the influxes of NH⁺₄-N at sediment-water surface greatly changed in the pond 3#, the NH⁺₄-N diffused from overlying water to sediment in June and July, the NH⁺₄-N released from sediment to overlying water in September and October. The DIP-P released from sediment to overlying water in the pond 2# during the whole aquaculture, and also in the pond 1# in the June, July and October, but reverse in August and September. The DIP-P diffused from overlying water to sediment in pond 3# from June to September but reverse in October. The findings indicate that the fluxes of nitrogen and phosphorus were affected by the bivalve clam in polyculture ponds, and meanwhile the benthic and water environment were improved.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 461-467 [Abstract] ( 87 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1219 KB) ( 100 )

	468	Analysis and Evaluation of Nutritional Composition and Heavy Metals Levels in Liver of Bluefin Leatherjack Thamnaconus septentrionalis
		ZHANG Ziyang, CHENG Yongxu, KE Ling, BIAN Li, LI Fenghui, CHANG Qing, PAN Luying, ZHU Jinchao, WU Dan, CHEN Siqing
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23018
		In order to rationally develop and utilize the nutritional value of liver, the nutritional content and several heavy metal contents in the liver of bluefin leatherjack Thamnaconus septentrionalis were analyzed by high-performance gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results showed that the liver of bluefin leatherjack contained moisture of 55.12%, crude protein of 5.09%, crude fat of 39.37%, and ash of 0.42%, with a total amino acid content of 3.748 g/100 g. There were essential amino acids of 43.22%, non-essential amino acids of 56.78%. The ratio of essential to non-essential amino acids was shown to be 0.76, meeting the criteria for high-quality protein according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and the World Health Organization standards. The flavor amino acid content of 44.02% was detected in the liver, with the maxial glutamic acid content among the amino acids, followed by aspartic acid. The essential amino acid score was high, with phenylalanine and isoleucine being the first and second limiting amino acids, respectively, indicating a reasonable amino acid composition. Twenty-eight fatty acids were detected, with a total content of 36.81 g/100 g, saturated fatty acids accounting for 29.570%, monounsaturated fatty acids accounting for 35.970%, and polyunsaturated fatty acids accounting for 34.460%. There was as high as 12.760% of content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 17.990% of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The liver also contained vitamin A, D, and E, with respective contents of 434.03 mg/kg, 1.76 mg/kg, and 23.32 mg/kg. The levels of heavy metals, including lead, mercury, chromium, and cadmium, met the national food safety standards. In conclusion, the liver of bluefin leatherjack is a high-quality source of fish oil and nutritious and delicious fishery product.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 468-474 [Abstract] ( 92 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1012 KB) ( 115 )

	475	Effects of Predators on Morphology and Population Density of Cladoceron Bosmina longirostris
		ZENG Pingping, LI Yichao, YU Guoxin, ZHANG Qingjing, QU Jiangqi, LIU Qing
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22118
		To explore changes in phenotypic morphology and population density of cladoceron Bosmina longirost induced by predators, copepod Cyclops vicinus females and cladocerons were placed in filtrate group(pheromones) and contact group (physical stimulation). The effects of different treatment groups on the population quantity, individual size, proportion of hook angle type, and absolute and relative lengths of various morphological characteristics of cladoceron were analyzed. The results showed that the population density of the cladoceron was decreased slightly in the exposed group (P>0.05), with significant increase in the filtrate group (P<0.05) by 25.06% compared with the control group. The morphology of cladoceron changed under the two treatments, but the physical stimulation of the copepod was more likely to cause phenotypic morphology changes in the cladoceron. There were significantly higher body length, body height, absolute length of the antennule and mucrone of the small individuals (body length 300—＜400 μm) and large individuals (body length≥400 μm) in the contact group than those in the control group (P<0.05). The relative length of the antennule and mucrone was shown to be increased significantly in the contact group (P<0.01), without significant difference in the filtrate group (P>0.05). The proportion of cornuta individuals was decreased in the contact group, without significant difference compared with the control group (P>0.05). The findings indicated that the physical stimulation of the copepod was more likely to induce phenotypic morphology variation of the cladoceron, but the population density change was more significant under predator pheromone, which can provide some theoretical data reference for the community structure research of aquatic ecosystem.
		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 475-482 [Abstract] ( 72 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (2753 KB) ( 28 )

Overview and Specific Topic

	483	A Review of Advance in Toxic Effects of Environmental Factors and Pollutants on Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
		MENG Yongqi, LU Yaopeng, ZHENG Peihua, ZHANG Xiuxia, LI Juntao, ZHANG Zelong, GU Zhifeng, XIAN Jianan
		DOI: 10.19378/j.cnki.1003-1111.22068

		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 483-490 [Abstract] ( 136 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1028 KB) ( 119 )

	491	*Review and Consideration on the Stock Enhancement of Chinese Shrimp Feneropenaeus chinensis* in Liaodong Bay of Bohai Sea**
		WANG Bin, DONG Jing, LIU Xiuze, WANG Xiaolin, LI Yulong, WANG Aiyong, SUN Ming, CHAI Yu, DUAN Yan, JI Guang, XU Yanzhao
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.19055

		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 491-498 [Abstract] ( 107 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (1579 KB) ( 117 )

	499	Research Advancement on Potential of Carbon Sink and Biomass Monitoring Methods of Seagrass Beds:a Review
		YU Guoxu, ZHANG Yanhao, ZHAO Xiang, JIANG Jingjing, GUO Dong
		DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.23007

		2024 Vol. 43 (3): 499-508 [Abstract] ( 178 ) HTML (1 KB) PDF (3545 KB) ( 172 )