Genome-Wide Identification, Molecular Evolution, and Expression of FXYD Gene Family in Tibetan Naked Carp Gymnocypris przewalskii ssp. przewalskii
ZHOU Bingzheng1,2,3, CHEN Shengxue1,2,3, LIU Sijia1,2, QI Delin4, QI Hongfang5, WANG Yang5, ZHAO Kai1,2, TIAN Fei1,2
1. Laboratory of Evolutionary and Functional Genomics of Highland Fish, Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810001, China; 2. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810001, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 4. State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; 5. Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Gymnocypris Przewalskii ssp. przewalskii Reproduction, Conservation Center of Gymnocypris Przewalskii ssp. przewalskii, Xining 810001, China
Abstract：Tibetan naked carp Gymnocypris przewalskii ssp. przewalskii is the only species of Schizothoracinae (Cyprinidae), which could adapt to the high saline-alkaline water environment in the Qinghai Lake. In the present study, we identified 16 FXYD genes in G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii based on the G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii genome. FXYD (Phen-XAA-Tyr-ASP) gene family encodes a group of small transmembrane proteins that regulate ion channel activities in responses to saline stress in a variety of organisms. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that 16 gpFXYD genes were divided into five subfamilies. Collinearity analysis indicated that 12 family members of the gpFXYD gene family were originated from genome-wide duplication, which showed synteny with their counterparts in zebrafish. This result suggested that the gain of extra copies of FXYD genes might be attributed to the whole genome duplication in G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii. Molecular evolution analysis showed that the Ka/Ks values of gpFXYD1b/1c and gpFXYD5c/5d were greater than 1, which indicates that the positive selection might occur during evolution, leading to adaptive evolution. The subfamilies of gpFXYDs were expressed in diverse tissues, including heart, hepatopancreas, brain, kidney, gill, intestine and gonad. gpFXYD1s and gpFXYD7s were specifically expressed in the heart and brain. The results indicated that the function of gpFXYD subfamilys was in a tissue-dependent manner. After the transition from freshwater to saline water condition, the expression of gpFXYD5s, gpFXYD6s and gpFXYD11s showed significant changes in kidney and gill. The transcriptional variations might contribute to the ion transport and osmoregulation in G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii at high salinity. The current study laid a foundation for understanding the adaptation of G. przewalskii ssp. przewalskii to high salinity environment, providing new insights into the molecular breeding of aquatic animals.
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2023, Vol. 42 
