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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2014 Vol. , No. 2 Published: 2014-02-25

Article

	69	Acute Toxicity of Several Conventional Drugs in Aquaculture to Juvenile Grouper Epinephelus coioides
		CHENG Minhong,YANG Xiaoli,PANG Qiang,HUANG Jianrong,LI Zufu
		The acute toxicity of five conventional aquacultural drugs including formaldehyde ,povidone iodine ,quaternary ammonium salt complexing iodine ,trichloroisocyanuric acid ,and CuSO4 + FeSO4 (5∶2) to juvenile grouper Epinephelus coioides were studied at a salinity of 19~21 ,pH of 8 .09~8 .30 and water temperature of (29 .5 ± 1 .5) ℃ using a static bioassay test .The results showed that the 24 h LC50 was found to be 316 .084 mg/L for formaldehyde ,54 .8527 mg/L for povidone iodine ,22 .502 mg/L for quaternary ammonium salt complexing iodine ,1 .973 mg/L for trichloroisocyanuric acid ,and 12 .984 mg/L for CuSO4 + FeSO4 (5 ∶ 2) .The 48 h LC50 was 290 .581 mg/ for formaldehyde L ,52 .3070 mg/L for povidone iodine , 21 .161 mg/L for quaternary ammonium salt complexing iodine , 1 .839 mg/L for trichloroisocyanuric acid ,and 9 .414 mg/L for CuSO4 + FeSO4 (5 ∶ 2) ,with the safe concentrations of 73 .67 mg/L ,14 .27 mg/L ,5 .614 mg/L ,0 .479 mg/L ,and 1 .485 mg/L ,respectively .The grouper showed sensitivity to these aquacultural drugs significantly . The findings suggest that formaldehyde , povidone iodine ,quaternary ammonium salt complexing iodine and trichloroisocyanuric acid could be used safely in production ,but CuSO4 +FeSO4 (5∶2) should be used carefully .
		2014 Vol. (2): 69-74 [Abstract] ( 84 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (691 KB) ( 391 )

	75	Diallel Crosses between Cow Color Strain and Ocean-orange Color Strain of Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum
		ZHANG Hui,YAN Xiwu,ZHANG Yuehuan,GAO Xin,YAO Tuo,YANG Feng,ZHANG Guofan
		The heterosis of growth ,survival ,and genetic mechanism of shell color were investigated in diallel crosses between F2 cow color clam (C) and F4 ocean-orange color clam (O) by two self-fertilized group (CC ,OO) and two hybrid group (CO ,OC) of Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in order to improve the phenotypic characters of Manila clam in August of 2011 .The results showed that the single-parental heterosis was asymmetrical between the two reciprocal crosses . The value of mid-parental heterosis was found to be 2 .13 in growth ,and that of single-parental heterosis were -1 .62 for CO ,and +6 .07 for OC ,which was mainly affected by interact effect during planktonic stage .The value of mid-parental heterosis was found -5 .43 ,and that of single-parental heterosis +4 .79 for CO ,and -13 .80 for OC during juvenile stage .Considering survival ,the value of mid-parental heterosis was -8 .06 ,and that of single-parental heterosis was -12 .67 for CO ,and -3 .43 for OC ,which was mainly affected by egg origin effect ,followed by the mating strategy .The value of mid-parental heterosis was 0 .60 ,and that of single-parental heterosis were -0 .77 for CO ,and 1 .61 for OC during juvenile stage . The progenies showed black splashes color for C × C ,orange splashes color for C × O and O × C ,and orange color for C × C in shell color .
		2014 Vol. (2): 75-80 [Abstract] ( 82 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (695 KB) ( 414 )

	81	Antioxidant Activity of Enzymatic Gonad Hydrolysates from Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum
		ZHENG Jie,YU Di,CHEN Chong,YUAN Cheng-yu
		The enzymatic hydrolysates of gonad in jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum were prepared by papain ,and the amino acid composition and the antioxidant activities of the hydrolysates were analyzed by Fe2+-chelating assay ,1 ,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH · ) assay and reducing power assay to make full use of the jellyfish .The results showed that the hydrolysates from jellyfish gonad were composed of 17 amino acids ,and possessed Fe2+ -chelatin ability ,DPPH radical scavenging capacity with IC50 values of 1 . 73 and 22 .20 mg/mL , respectively , and reducing power with AC0 .5 value of 17 .61 mg/mL .The antioxidant activities of enzymatic hydrolysates ,chelated with Fe2+ ,were obviously improved ,with the IC50 and AC0 .5 values of 0 .15 mg/mL in DPPH radical scavenging capacity and 0 .86 mg/mL in reducing power .The findings provide theoretical support for the further exploitation of jellyfish gonad .
		2014 Vol. (2): 81-86 [Abstract] ( 71 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (711 KB) ( 277 )

	87	Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate Levels on Immunity and Serum Biochemical Indices under Low Temperature Stress in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
		LIU Kang,HUANG Kai,QIN Xi,WU Hongyu,CHENG Yuan,HUANG Qing,HUANG Xiuyun
		A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effect of immune and serum biochemical response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) juveniles under low temperature (9 ℃)stress .Diets with eight carbohydrate levels (10% ,15% ,20% ,25% ,30% ,35% ,40% ,and 45% ) were fed to tilapia juveniles twice a day for 49 days .The oxidation resistance levels was found to be increased at first and decreased subsequently with increasing dietary carbohydrate levels .The maximal lysozyme activity of 54 .08 U/100 mL was observed in the fish fed the diet containing carbohydrate level of 35% . The total superoxide dismutase was increased with increasing dietary carbohydrate levels .The tilapia fed the diets containing 35% carbohydrate showed significantly (P <0 .05) higher catalase value than the tilapia fed diets containing 10% , 40% and 45% carbohydratedid .Under low temperatures stress ,the liver and cardiac muscles of the fish fed the diet containing high levels of carbohydrates were damaged ,resulting in abnormal serum biochemical indices .
		2014 Vol. (2): 87-91 [Abstract] ( 73 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (628 KB) ( 336 )

	92	Phosphatase Activity and Effects of m-Cresol on Phosphatase Activity during Early Development of Common Carp Cy prinus carpio var .color
		ZHU Jun-hua,YAO Jun-jie,FENG Ya-nan,JIANG Zuo-yu,XIONG Hua-long
		Activities of acid phosphatase ( ACP) and alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) were determined and the effect of m-cresol on the activities of ACP and ALP was studied during early development of common carp Cyprinus carpio var .color by biochemical and static toxicological methods to evaluate the toxic effect of environmental estrogens on early development of fish . The results showed that the activities of phosphatase were lower in the fertilized eggs than those in the mature eggs ,with the minimal value in cleavage stage of the fertilized eggs exposed to the m-cresol at concentration of 7 mg/L ,13 mg/L and 19 mg/L at water temperature of (20 ± 2) ℃ .There was a close dose-effect and development stage-effect relationship for the activities of ALP and ACP in each concentration group .In general ,the activities of ALP and ACP were found to be increased with the development and the increase in m-cresol concentration during different early development stages of the common carp .
		2014 Vol. (2): 92-96 [Abstract] ( 96 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (680 KB) ( 436 )

	97	Microsatellite Analysis of Genetic Characteristics in Spotted Mandarinfish Siniperca schezeri♀ × Mandarinfish S .chuatsi♂Hybrids
		LI Chuanyang,XU Miaoyang,ZHAO Jinliang,QIAN Yezhou,QIAN De,WU Chao
		The genetic characteristics of spotted mandarinfish Siniperca scherzeri ♀ × mandarinfish S .chuatsi ♂hybrids F1 , and F2 were analysed by 12 selected species-specific microsatellite markers . The results showed that there wer effective number of alleles (Na) of 2 .917 ,observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0 .440 , and polymorphism information content ( PIC) of 0 .450 in spotted mandarinfish , higher than those in mandarinfish (Na=2 .167 ,Ho=0 .310 ,and PIC=0 .388) .The higher heterozygosity was observed in F1 and F2 than that in spotted mandarinfish and mandarinfish .Heterozygous genotypes at each locus were presented in F1 ,indicating that F1 is a true diploidy hybrid .The genetic distance between F1 and spotted mandarinfish (0 .3446) was larger than that in mandarinfish (0 .2401) ,and F1 was found to be inclined to mandarinfish in genetic phenotype .The minimal genetic distance was found between F2 and F1 ,and some genetic segregation were observed at 10 loci .These findings would provide some molecular data for genetic identification of hybrids and breeding of Siniperca species .
		2014 Vol. (2): 97-102 [Abstract] ( 76 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (732 KB) ( 530 )

	103	The Current Status of Spawning Grounds for Fishes Spawning as Pelagic Eggs in Reaches f rom Qiyang to Hengnan in Xiangjiang River
		XIE Wen-xing,TANG Hui-yuan,HUANG Dao-ming,YANG Zhong,YANG Han-yun
		A survey on spawning grounds of fishes spawning as pelagic eggs were carried out at the section of Hengnan of Xiangjiang River from April to May in 2010 .A total of 12 species of fish spawning as pelagic eggs were found at the section from 155 .50 km reaches from Qiyang to Hengnan , with the dominant species Squalidus argentatus (Sauvage et Dabry ) , Squaliobarbus ourriculus (Richardson ) , barred loach Parabotia f asciata Dabry , Xenocypris microlepis Bleeker , and culter Erythroculter mongolicus (Basilewsky) .There were 5 spawning grounds at the section reaches ,4 with total length of 26 km at the main stream ,accounting for 16 .72% of the reach from Qiyang to Hengnan ,and 1 at the branch . A total of 672 .8322 million eggs were observed ,only 8 .8704 million eggs of Chinese carp ,representing 1 .32% of the total eggs ,5 .3148 million for grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idellus (Cuvier et Valenciennes ) , accounting for 0 .79% ,3 .4372 million for black carp Mylopharyngodon piceus (Richardson) accounting for 0 .51% , and 118 400 for silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cuvier et Valenciennes ) , accounting for 0 .02% .Spawning behavior and fecundity were related to duration of the fluctuation of the water level ,and the spawning grounds of the fishes spawning as pelagic eggs were found to be reduced from 75 km to 26 km in the length compared with that in the 1970 s .
		2014 Vol. (2): 103-107 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (670 KB) ( 402 )

	108	Genetic Diversity and Differentiation of Eelgrass Zostera marina along Yantai and Weihai Coasts by Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR), in Reference to Conservation and Remediation of Seagrass Bed
		TIAN Ping-ping,LI Xiao-jie,ZHANG Li-nan,JIANG Xin,PAN Jin-hua,YU Shen-hui,PENG Jie
		Seventeen pairs of Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) primers selected from 26 primers in a total of 57 individuals of eelgrass Zostera marina were applied to study genetic diversity and genetic differentiation in 3 populations of the eelgrass along Yantai and Weihai coasts (Chudao Peninsula ,RZM ;Danzi Island , DZM ;Gulf of Yudai Hill ,YZM) .The 17 loci were all found to be polymorphism ,and the alleles (Na) had 120 in number ,with an average of 7 alleles per locus .There were average effective number of alleles (Ne) of 2 .30 ,expected heterozygosity (He) of 0 .4743 ,observed heterozygosity (Ho) of 0 .4128 and Nei’ s gene diversity (H) of 0 .4700 ,the maximal genetic diversity in RZM population ,followed by YZM and the minimum in DZM population .The value of Fst (the average of genetic differentiation) was ranged from 0 .0534 to 0 .1226 and Nm (gene flow ) from 1 .7895 to 4 .4344 among the 3 populations ,indicating that the genetic differentiation may be attributed to meadow fragmentation in history .The AMOVA (analysis of molecular variance) showed that there was 89 .51% of genetic variation within populations ,and 10 .49%among populations . The result of UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means ) dendrogram of the 3 seagrass populations was found to be consistent with results of the genetic distance among them .Overall ,the relatively lower genetic diversity in YZM population implied that the population needed sufficient conservation and remediation to increase the adaptive capacity to environmental changes and evolutionary potentials .The relatively lowest genetic diversity in DZM population was found to be attributed to the unsuitability of local substrate .Otherwise ,RZM population showed relatively higher genetic diversity and differentiation ,w hich is supposed to provide materials for transplantation of seagrass and supplement of seeds to other population in Yantai and Weihai coasts .
		2014 Vol. (2): 108-114 [Abstract] ( 81 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (659 KB) ( 208 )

	115	Effect of Bath of Lipopolysaccharides Derived f rom Bacteria on Expression of Complement Genes in Zebrafish
		WANG Zhiping,HAN Yanjun,LIU Xiaoning,LI Zhenglong
		The healthy zebrafish(Danio rerio) with body weight of about 0 .2 g were reared in well-aerated tap water at 25-27 ℃ ,and then bathed in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) solution at a dose of 20μg/mL for 24 h .The expression levels of main complement genes in the zebrafish were analyzed by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR .It was shown that the expression of C1r/s ,C4 ,C6 and MBL was all up-regulated after LPS treatment ,with the peak at 12 h and then decline .In contrast ,down-regulation of C3 and Bf expression was detected after treatment ,and then up-regulation was observed with the peak at 12 h .The findings indicated that the complement system effectively responded to infection in a short time , and various genes respond to the external stimulation in different ways ,which might be attributed to the different roles of complement components and complement pathways .
		2014 Vol. (2): 115-118 [Abstract] ( 79 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (666 KB) ( 312 )

	119	Relationship between Adaptability of Nitrate Reductase to NaCl Stress and Substance Metabolism in Green Alga Dunaliella salina
		ZHOU Xu,YANG Xiao-ling,GUO Jin-yao
		The physiological changes were determined in green alga Dunaliella salina cultivated under various NaCl stress to evaluate the relationship between adaptability of nitrate reductase (NR) to NaCl stress and the substance metabolism in the alga under different salinities .The results showed that the NR activity was positively correlated with NaCl concentration within NaCl concentration from 40 g/L to 120 g/L ,but the NR activity was negatively correlated with NaCl level within the NaCl concentration from 120 g/L to 200 g/L ,with the maximal NR activity at NaCl concentration of 120 g/L ,indicating that the NR in D .salinais a kind of enzymes which can adapt well to NaCl stress .The NR activity in the green alga was shown to have a positive relationship with cell density , chlorophyll formation , and accumulation of protein ,the maximal substance accumulation being observed at the maximal NR activity .
		2014 Vol. (2): 119-122 [Abstract] ( 52 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (682 KB) ( 268 )

	123	Effects of Temperature and Light on Growth of Single-celled Green Alga No .1102
		YUAN Zhu-tao,DONG Xiao-yu,LIU Sheng-ping
		The planktonic single-celled alga (code number 1102) with high cultural density and strong ability to attach to the tank walls was separated and reserved in Gaolu Algae Research Center ,Qingdao Agricultural University .In this study ,a two factor experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature (10 ℃ ,15 ℃ ,20 ℃ ,25 ℃ ,and 30 ℃) and light (500 lx ,1000 lx ,2000 lx ,4000 lx ,6000 lx ,8000 lx ,and 10 000 lx) on growth of the alga 1102 with triplication .The results showed that there was an interactive effect between temperature and light .The best growth was found in the treatment with 8000 lx ,and 25 ℃ .The correlation coefficient (r2 ) between pH variation and growth rate was 0 .9677 , w hich is an indicator of photosynthetic rate .On the other hand ,culture medium pH could be an optimum indicator for grow th because pH value is measured conveniently and rapidly .
		2014 Vol. (2): 123-126 [Abstract] ( 100 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (692 KB) ( 394 )

	127	Research Progress in Seagrass Seed Planting Technology
		LIU Yanshan,ZHANG Peidong,GUO Dong,DONG Xiaoyu

		2014 Vol. (2): 127-132 [Abstract] ( 84 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (630 KB) ( 449 )

	133	Effects of pH on Reproduction,Growth and Development in Fish：a Review
		XU You-qing,ZHANG Ren-zhen,DING Zhao-kun

		2014 Vol. (2): 133-136 [Abstract] ( 64 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (620 KB) ( 540 )