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月刊，1984年创刊
主管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
主办：包头医学院
主编：赵云山
特邀主编：高长青
编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
邮发代号：16-292

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2014 Vol. , No. 10 Published: 2014-10-25

Article

	601	Effects of Lactobacillus on Immunity and Disease Resistance of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O . aureu)
		HUANG Yan-hua,ZHOU Xiao-bo,WANG Guo-xia,KUANG Zhe-shi,ZHAO Hongxia,MO Wenyan,CAO Junming
		The experiment was conducted to study the effects of homology Lactobacillus preparation with different strains in diets on immune ,antioxidant and resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila .The tilapia hybrid (Oreochromis niloticus × O . aureu) with initial body weighg of 3 .49 g were fed the basal diet in control group ,and fed the basal diet containing L .acidophilus ,L .plantarum ,L .pentosus ,L .rhamno-sus and Enterococcus f aecalis in the other five groups for 8 weeks .The number of live lactic acid bacteria in each L actobacillus used in the experiment was 1 .30 × 103 ,5 .10 × 108 ,2 .97 × 108 ,3 .03 × 108 ,2 .30 × 108 and 3 .47 × 108 cfu /g ,respectively .At the end of the feeding test ,the fish were infected with Aeromonas hydrophila for 72 hours .The serum acid phosphatase activity was increased in varying degrees ,the maxi-mum in L .p lantarum group ,L .pentosus group ,L .rhamnosus group and E . f aecalis group in L .pento-sus group the highest was ,significantly higher than that in L .acidophilus group .The serum antisuperox-ide anion free radical activities were increased significantly ,higher in L .rhamnosus and E .f aecalis groups compared with the others .The activity of serum lysozyme was significantly higher in L .rhamnosus group than in the control group .During injection of A .hydrophilain 12 h ,the survival rate was higher in Lacto-bacillus groups than in the control ,no significant difference .In 24 and 48 hours ,survival rate were sig-nificantly higher in the L . rhamnosus and E . f aecalis groups than control group .In 72 hours ,survival rate in the L .rhamnosus group was significantly higher than control group .The results suggested that the supplementation of L actobacillus into the practical diet enhanced anti-oxidation ,and immune capacity and improved the resistance against A .hydrophila in tilapia .
		2014 Vol. (10): 601-605 [Abstract] ( 67 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (788 KB) ( 351 )

	606	Effects of Glutamine on Immune Responses of Immunocytes in Grouper Epinephelus malabaricus
		CHENG Zhen-yan,LI Jian,LEI Wu-chang,YU Hong,WANG Qing-kui,GUO Yong-jun,QIAO Xiu-ting
		An ivitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of glutamine (0 ,0 .5 ,1 ,2 mmol/L) on immune responses of kidney leukocytes in grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) .After the leukocytes were cultured primarily in 2 ,6 ,12 ,24 h ,the phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of leukocytes were determined ,respectively .Phagocytosis and respiratory burst activity of leukocytes were significantly enhanced with glutamine supplemented into the culture medium ,and increased further with the increasing culture time .The peak was occurred in 1 mmol/L glutamine group 12 h after incubation .The proliferation of leukocytes was determined 12 and 24 h after incubation in medium supplemented with glutamine .After 12 h incubation ,the proliferation effects in the groups supplemented with glutamine were significantly im-proved compared with the basal group ,and no significant differences were observed in groups supplemen-ted with glutamine ,as well as the highest proliferation activity was found in 1 mmol/L glutamine group . And the proliferation activity was decreased 24 h after incubation except 2 mmol/L glutamine group .The trend of killing ability against E .tarda in the leukocytes was similar with the phagocytosis .The killing a-bility of leukocytes incubated in medium supplemented in 1 and 2 mmol/L glutamine were significantly higher than that in basal group (P<0 .05) ,and no significant difference was observed in 0 .5 mmol/L glu-tamine group and the basal group (P>0 .05) .The findings indicate that glutamine is the effective immu-nomodulatory in grouper leukocytes ,and the optimum glutamine supplemental level 1 mmol/L at the incu-bation time of 12 h .
		2014 Vol. (10): 606-610 [Abstract] ( 59 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1171 KB) ( 268 )

	611	Effects of Dietary Xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on Immunity and Growth Performance in Common Carp,Cy prinus carpio
		WANG Jun-li,SHAN Jin-feng,ZHU Hao-yong,WU Chun,NIE Guo-xing
		The effects of dietary xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) on growth performance and immune function were investigated in 450 juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio) with an average initial body weight of (4 .93 ± 0 .03) g .The juveniles were randomly divided into five groups and fed basal diet ( as a control group ,CON) ,and the diet containing XOS at a rate of 0 .1% (group Ⅰ ) ,0 .2% (group Ⅱ ) ,0 .4%(group Ⅲ) ,or 0 .6% (group Ⅳ) .The results showed that there was significantly higher lysozyme activity in group Ⅳcompared with the control (P<0 .05) ,but no significant difference in alternative pathway of complement (ACH50 ) was observed in the treatment groups (P> 0 .05) .The expressions of iNOS and TNF-α were lower in the treatment groups than those in control group ,while the expressions of IL-1βand IL-10 genes were found to be up-regulated significantly (P<0 .05) ,without change in expression of TGF-βgene compared with the control group .The juveniles fed the diets containing XOS showed better growth performance than the fish fed the basal diet did ,with significant difference only between group Ⅳand the control group (P<0 .05) .The findings suggest that supplementation of XOS positively affect growth per-formance and immunity in common carp .
		2014 Vol. (10): 611-615 [Abstract] ( 51 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (6151 KB) ( 185 )

	616	Effects of Rhodotorula benthica in Diet with Brown Fish Meal on Growth Performance of Turbot Scophthalmus maximus
		ZHANG Rui-ling,NIU Si-jia,ZHANG Hong-juan,YANG Zhen-cai
		This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of replacement of white fish meal by brown fish meal and two different gradients of marine yeast Rhodotorula benthica on growth performance , body composition and body indication of turbot Scophthalmus maximus .Four isonitrogenous and isoener-getic diets were formulated and contained 58% white fish meal as a control diet (W) .The diet contained 58% brown fish meal named B .The experimental diets ( B+1 ,B+2 ) were respectively supplemented with 1 g/kg ,and 2 g/kg the yeast on the basis of brown fish meal .Four hundred and eighty turbot with body weight (213 .48 ± 0 .23) g was randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group ,and 40 fish per replicate for six weeks .The results showed that compared with B ,addition of 1 g/kg the yeast in the basis of brown fish meal significantly improved the the feeding rate ,relative weight gain ,the specific grow th rate and protein efficiency rate of turbot (P<0 .05) ,a similar level as W and a higher level than in B+2 group (P>0 .05) .There were no significant difference in body composition and body indication of turbot (P>0 .05) .In conclusion ,addition of 1 g/kg into brown fish meal can significantly improved feed-ing rate ,protein efficiency rate and growth performance of turbot ,a similar growth level as white fish meal .
		2014 Vol. (10): 616-620 [Abstract] ( 50 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (6410 KB) ( 183 )

	621	Optimization and Analysis of Two-dimensional Electrophoresis of Hepatopancreas Proteins in Chinese Shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis) under Crowding Stress
		ZHANG Shuai,FU Ling-lin,WANG Yan-bo
		The two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) was optimized and differentially expressed proteins were investigated in hepatopancreas of Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus Chinensis) under crowded condi-tion .The results showed that the optimal two-dimensional electrophoresis were observed under the condi-tions of addition of TBP (tributyl phosphate) ,strips of 17 cm ,and pH 4-7 IPG (Immobilized pH gradi-ent) ,loading the sample of 120 μg and setting the voltage and power of isoelectric focusing as 65 000 Vhr . The relative 2-DE maps showed that approximate 600 spots was detected in each gel ,and a total of 11 dif-ferentially expressed protein spots were found ,including 8 significantly up-regulated protein spots (P <0 .05) and 3 significantly down-regulated protein spots (P < 0 .05) .The findings indicated that proteins in the shrimp hepatopancreas were differently expressed under crowding stress .
		2014 Vol. (10): 621-625 [Abstract] ( 49 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (703 KB) ( 176 )

	626	Intestinal Flora in Supply Chain of Live Released Yesso Scallop Pationopecten yessoensis
		LIU Shi-yong,LIU Jun-rong,MA Yong-sheng,SHEN Jian,YANG Ting-ting,MIAO Zhi-ou
		The similarity of intestinal flora with growing environment and changes in flora structure were studied in yesso scallop Pationopecten yessoensis in live supply chain ,including 6 key links from post cap-ture on board ,live transport ,tranship ,depuration Ⅰ ,depuration Ⅱ and marketing .The scallop ,seawa-ter and sediments on deck of scallop-dredging vessels were collected ,and the scallop was also sampled a-long the supply chain at each link .The flora in the scallop intestine ,seawater and sediment samples was analyzed by 16S rDNA PCR-DGGE (denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis ) fingerprint . The results showed that 12 bands were observed in the intestine ,18 bands in the sediments and 20 bands in the seawa-ter ,including 9 bands being shared .There were 14 bands live transport ,16 bands in tranship ,13 bands in depuration Ⅰ ,9 bands in depuration Ⅱ and 22 bands in markets .Similarity analysis revealed that the sim-ilarity was 66 .6% between intestinal flora and seawater flora ,and 62 .5% between the intestinal flora and sediment flora .The similarities were found to be 64% between the intestinal flora and flora in live trans-port ,73 .3% between the intestinal flora and flora in tranship ,69% between the intestinal flora and flora in depuration Ⅰ ,63 .6% between the intestinal flora and flora in depuration Ⅱ,and 32 .3% between the in-testinal flora and flora in marketing .It is concluded that DGGE fingerprint band was increased in number from capture to depuration and from post-depuration to market ,indicating that the changes in post-capture environment had influence on the flora ,and that the depuration leads to reduce in microbiological contami-nation effectively .The live scallop was in a state of stenoplastic stress from capture to depuration ,and in a state of more obvious stress from post-depuration to market ,that is ,the terminal retail link being a sig-nificant impact on the quality of live scallop .
		2014 Vol. (10): 626-630 [Abstract] ( 62 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (3203 KB) ( 239 )

	631	Activities of Antioxidative Enzymes and Effects of Exogenous Vitamin C during Embryonic Development of Crucian Carp Carassius auratus
		XIONG Hua-long,YAO Jun-jie,AN Miao,WANG Jin-na,JIANG Zuo-yu
		T he activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD ) ,catalase (CA T ) and glutathion peroxidase and effects of exogenous vitamin C on these enzymatic activities were studied during embryonic development of crucian carp Carassius auratus at water temperature of 24 ℃ .The results showed that there were activities of SOD[(10 .213 ± 0 .458) U/mg] ,CAT [(8 .701 ± 0 .371) U/mg] and glutathion peroxidase [(55 .485 ± 4 .896) U/mg] ,being derived from maternal antioxidant enzymes .In the control group ,the activities of SOD and glutathion peroxidase were increased gradually from mature eggs to pre-hatching ,while the activ-ity of CAT showed a tend of up-down-up ,the minimum [(6 .175 ± 0 .532) U/mg] in heart beating stage , and then elevated .There were higher activities of SOD ,CAT and glutathion peroxidase from mature egg to pre-hatching in the embryos exposed to vitamin C solution at a rate of 30 mg/L than that in the control group .Maternal antioxidative enzymes was found to play an important role during embryonic development of the crucian carp and appropriate concentration of vitamin C in the water used during the embryonic de-velopment led to improve the antioxidant capacity in the embryos of the crucian carp .
		2014 Vol. (10): 631-634 [Abstract] ( 56 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (721 KB) ( 206 )

	635	Influence of Soft Pelleted Diet and Fresh Trash Fish Surimi on Water Quality in Large Yellow Croaker(Pseudosciaena crocea)Culture
		WANG Xing-chun
		Juvenile large yellow croacker Pseudosciaena crocea with initial average body weight of 280 .0 g were fed soft pelleted diet (treatment group) and fresh trash fish surimi (control group) at water tempera-ture of 21 .0-18 .0 ℃ ,and a salinity of 25 .8-21 .0 with triplication to evaluate the effects of different di-ets on water quality ,meanwhile no fish was stocked in a blank tank (blank group) filled with only sand fil-tered seawater .The results showed that there were significant differences in contents of total nitrogen (TN) ,total phosphorus (TP) ,and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in water in treatment group and blank group (P<0 .05) ,the peak in control group ,and the minimum in blank group .There was no signif-icant difference in TP contents between the treatment group and control group (P>0 .05) ,while there were significant difference in TN and COD contents (P<0 .05) .There was significantly lower total sedi-ment in the treatment group than that in the control group (P<0 .05);there were significantly lower TN , and TP contents in the treatment group than that in the control group (P <0 .05) ,indicating that soft pel-leted diet show s much less effects on environment than the fresh trash fish surimi does ,and is widely used in marine fish cage cultivation .
		2014 Vol. (10): 635-638 [Abstract] ( 75 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (1355 KB) ( 305 )

	639	Relationship between Nucleic Indicators and Growth in Larvae of Japanese Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus
		TONG Xue-hong,WANG Huan-li,GE Bao-ming,YANG Xiao-lan,ZHANG Zhen-ming
		Total length (L) and body weight (m) ,concentrations of nucleic acid ,and protein ,RNA/DNA ratio (a) ,and protein/DNA ratio (b) were measured in larvae of Japanese flounder Paralichthys oliv aceus by whole homogenate method and by electron microscope to evaluate the relationship between nucleic indi-cators and growth in larval Japanese flounder .It was found that body weight and total length were nega-tively correlated with RNA/DNA ratio ,with an equation as m= -19 .85 a + 82 .79 (r2 = 0 .89 , P<0 .01) ,and as L= -7 .41 a + 33 .53(r2 = 0 .85 , P<0 .05) ,indicating that the grow th of Japanese floun-der larvae was primarily involved in hyperplasia and in exhaustion of protein synthesized during the early developmental stage .Body weight and total length were also negatively correlated with protein :DNA rati-o ,with an equation m= -0 .61b + 34 .54 (r2 = 0 .93 ,P<0 .01) and L= -0 .22b + 15 .33 (r2 = 0 .86 ,P<0 .01) .There was larger decrease scope in the protein/DNA ration than that in the RNA/DNA ratio as the larvae elapse in culture .The findings suggest that nucleic indicators be used to evaluate growth rates of larval Japanese flounder on a cellular level .
		2014 Vol. (10): 639-642 [Abstract] ( 59 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (637 KB) ( 237 )

	643	Comparison of Skeletal Characteristics of Four Fishs Species in Stromateoidei
		YANG Tai-you,LIU Fang,LI Yan-jie,LI Zhong-hui
		The skeletal characteristics of four Stromateoidei fishes including A riomma indica ,Pampus ar-genteus , Peprilus triacanthus and Psenopsis anomala were studied .The results showed that obvious differences existed in neurocranium among four Stromateoidei fishes ,for example ,the shapes of nasal ,up-raethmoid ,lateral ethmoid ,suborbital bones ,sphenotic ,pterotic ,epiotic and prootic with subocular shelf in P .anomala .In splanchnocranium ,there were many bone differences in shape ,such as premaxilla ,max-illa , hyomandibular , urohyal , opercular , pharyngobranchial and pharyngeal . In pectoral girdle , these bones were not alike such as supraposfthemporal ,supratemporal ,supracleithrum and postcleithrum .In Pelvic girdle ,without ventral fin in P .triacanthus ,but there were a pair of two-forked bones in abdominal wall ahead the anus .These differences can be used in classification for inter-species .
		2014 Vol. (10): 643-648 [Abstract] ( 81 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (654 KB) ( 295 )

	649	Rapid Detection of Pathogen Vibrio chagasii from Abscess Yesso Scallop by PCR Technique
		TENG Wei-ming,LI Wen-ji,ZHANG Ming,LI Shi-lei,LIU Xiang-feng,FU Cheng-dong,LIU Zhong-ying
		The PRC primer was designed according to the hypervariable region sequence of GyrB gene in V ibrio chagasii in GenBank and applied to amplify a 144 bp DNA fragment in order to develop an effective method for the identification of V .chagasii in yesso scallop Patinopecten yessoensis diseased with abscess . The primer showed sensitivity of 0 .43 pg with detection limit of 3 .9 × 10-3 cfu ,and the PCR amplification was specific for the extracted DNA from V .chagasii ,instead of V .vulnif icus ,V .alginolyticus ,V .algi-nolyticus ,and V .splendidus .The findings indicate that the PCR offers sensitive and specific means for the detection of V .chagasii ,and the recognition of V .chagasii from diseased yesso scallop .
		2014 Vol. (10): 649-653 [Abstract] ( 79 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (648 KB) ( 654 )

	654	Hybrid Technology of Discus Abalone Haliotis discus hannai and H .discus discus
		ZHAO Chun-nuan,YAN Zheng-lin
		The crossbreeding between Dalian population of Haliotis discus hannai and Japanese population of H .discus discus was carried out ,and the hybrid seedlings were used for further seeding production . The results showed that the reciprocal cross had a lower fertilization rate and hatching rate compared with the inbreeding group ,but the survival rate of the juveniles was higher than the inbreeding group ,0 .34%higher .They had different shell length ,higher in the reciprocal cross was than in the inbreeding group , the maximum of 2 .01 cm .When the H .discus hannai and H .discus discus were taken as parents for aba-lone seeding production ,20 ,207 ,500 abalones were obtained (average shell length 2 .01 cm)after 160 days later at a rate of 4345 .7/m2 .The findings indicate that this way of intraspecific hybrization can improve and optimize abalone germplasm .
		2014 Vol. (10): 654-657 [Abstract] ( 61 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (0 KB) ( 144 )

	658	Effects of Stocking Density,Feed Formulation and Feeding Frequency on Survival and Growth in Leech Poecilobdella manillensis
		LI Jun,YU Xiang,ZHANG Jian,ZHANG Tao,GONG Yuan,JIN Guang-hai
		Leech Poecilobdella manillensis with body weight of over 1. 5g were reared in net cages of each 35 .0 cm × 14 .5 cm × 11. 5cm with moist soil bottom at a depth of 6 .0 cm and effects of stocking densi-ty ,feed formulation and feeding frequency on survival and growth in the leech were investigated by a L9 (34 ) orthogonal test .AHP statistical analysis revealed that the descendant order of effect of the three fac-tors on survival of the leech was ranged as stocking density > feeding frequency > feed formulation ,the maximal survival rate under the conditions of diet Ⅱ ,feeding once every 15 days ,and at density of 50 indi-viduals per net cage .The descendant order of effect of the three factors on growth of the leech was de-scribed as feed formulation > feeding frequency > stocking density ,the best grow th under the conditions of diet Ⅰ ,feeding once every 10 days ,and at density of 50 individuals per net cage .According to the or-thogonal test ,the descendant order of effect of the three factors on survival and growth of the leech was expressed as stocking density > feeding frequency > feed formulation ,the best under the conditions of di-et Ⅰ ,feeding once every 10 days ,and at density of 50 individuals per net cage .
		2014 Vol. (10): 658-661 [Abstract] ( 55 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (0 KB) ( 124 )

	662	A Review of Salmonid Alphavirus Infection
		YU Li,SHI Xiu-jie,ZHENG Xiao-cong,HE Jun-qiang,JIA Peng,LAN Wen-sheng,WANG Jin-jin,LIU Hong

		2014 Vol. (10): 662-666 [Abstract] ( 95 ) HTML (0 KB) PDF (0 KB) ( 166 )