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  • 月刊，1984年创刊
    主 管：内蒙古自治区教育厅
    主 办：包头医学院
    主 编：赵云山
    特邀主编：高长青
    编辑出版：包头医学院学报编辑部
    国际刊号：ISSN 1006－740X
    国内刊号：CN 15－1182/R
    邮发代号：16-292
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2025 Vol. 44, No. 5
Published: 2025-09-25
Research and Application
Overview and Specific Topic
 
       Research and Application
685 Effects of Dietary Clostridium butyricum and Photosynthetic Bacterium on Immune Characteristics of Sea Cucumber Apostichopus japonicus
WANG Xuda, YE Bo, DONG Ying, WANG Xiaoyue, ZHAO Zhenjun, LIU Danni, YANG Boxue, LI Shilei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24153
In order to evaluate the effects of dietary bacterium Clostridium butyricum and photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris on the physicochemical parameters of body cavity fluids, disease resistance, digestive tract enzyme activity and microbiota composition in sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, the sea cucumber with body weight of (8.46±0.58) g was reared in an aquarium for 30 days and fed basic diet (control group), the basic diet supplemented with 1.0×107 cfu/g C. butyricum or photosynthetic bacterium, and 0.5×107 cfu/g probiotics at the same time (combined group) at a water temperature of (16±1)℃. The activities of immune enzymes and digestive enzymes in the body cavity fluid of the sea cucumber were measured every 10 days. At the end of the experiment, the growth and the structural changes in digestive tract microbiota were evaluated in the sea cucumber. The results showed that the better growth performance was observed in the sea cucumber in combined group, with weight gain rate of 19.14% and specific growth rate of 0.582%/d. Meanwhile,the digestive enzyme and immune enzyme activities were found to be relatively high in combination group,with activities of 38.5 U/mg in acid phosphatase, 34.5 U/mg in alkaline phosphatase, 89.5 U/mg in superoxide dismutase, 10.8 U/mg in amylase, 18.8 U/mg in lipase, and 13.8 U/mg in trypsin, indicating that dietary C. butyricum and R. palustris in combination led to more efficiently improve growth, digestion, responsiveness to phosphatase, and oxidation resistance compared to the others.In addition, there was more capable of regulating digestive tract flora structure in the sea cucumber in combined group by increasing the beneficial bacteria related to energy synthesis and metabolic conversion, and suppressing the potential pathogens involved in organic damage and metabolic disorders.Furthermore, the results of the challenge test showed that the sea cucumber in combined group had superior ability to improve disease resistance by reducing the cumulative mortality rates (48%) and the counts of Vbrio splendidus compared to the others. The findings confirmed that dietary C. butyricum and R. palustris effectively enhanced the physiological and immune parameters, optimized the structure of the digestive tract flora, and strengthened the disease resistance of sea cucumber.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 685-694 [Abstract] ( 42 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (10096 KB)  ( 6 )
695 Seasonal Changes in Fish Community in Jinjiang River Based on Environmental DNA Metabarcoding
LI Sihui, DENG Weide, ZOU Lu, SUN Zhenzhu, LI Yuan, XU Youhou, WEN Jing
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25035
Jinjiang River is the main branch of the Pearl River system. The Jinjiang River flows through Danxia, which is honored with Global Geoparks, World Heritage, China National Park, National Nature Reserve and National AAAAA Tourist Attractions.In order to understand the fish species diversity of Jinjiang River and Danxiashan in the Pearl River system, mixed water samples were collected from surface and bottom at 15 survey stations in Jinjiang River as the main tributary of the Pearl River system in November 2023, February, May and August 2024, and the changes in fish community in the four seasons were monitored by eDNA macro barcodes. The results showed that 2 622 108 reads, 99 fish species, were obtained for fish from 180 samples of 15 survey stations after bioinformatics filtering, which belong to 12 orders 21 families 69 genera, without significant difference in α diversity index among the different types of waters between Danxiashan and Non-Danxiashan. There was significant difference in fish community structure between spring and autumn, and no significant difference among other seasons. Seven invasive alien species were found, especially large number of Coptodon zillii in all survey stations in four seasons. The second-class national protected animal Hemibagrus guttatus was observed in 10 survey stations in four seasons. The findings provide detailed data on fish diversity and important implications for the long-term management and conservation of the Jinjiang river, and prove that eDNA has great potential in the research of fish diversity in river systems.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 695-706 [Abstract] ( 29 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (6606 KB)  ( 12 )
707 Breeding Population Composition and Fecundity Characteristics of Burbot Lota lota in the Heilongjiang River Basin
LI Shenhui, SHAO Huili, ZHANG Zepeng, LU Wanqiao, JIN Hongyu, LI Lei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24158
In order to elucidate the composition of breeding population and reproductive characteristics of burbot Lota lota in the Heilongjiang River Basin, the reproductive biological characteristics were investigate in 607 samples of burbot collected in the main streams of the Heilongjiang River including Huma River in the upper reach, Luobei, Tongjiang and Fuyuan River in the middle reaches in October 2022 and January 2023. The results showed that the female∶male ratio of mature stockbrood burbots was approximately 0.6∶1, with female breeders predominantly from 3 to 6 years old classes. It was found that the burbot had absolute fecundity (F) ranging from 16.2 to 1 100.4 thousand eggs, relative fecundities from 30.8 to 1 989.9 eggs/mm for FL, and from 17.3 to 1 265.5 eggs/g for Fm. The relationship between body length and body weight was shown to be described as power function relationship, m＝1×10-5L2.931 3(r2＝0.909 5), and to be logarithmic relationship between absolute fecundity and body weight as F=-212.4ln m+1 853.7, r2 = 0.845. The linear regression equation indicated a close relationship between body length and body weight. There was average egg diameter of (0.96±0.09) mm in all samples, with a unimodal distribution. However, significant differences (P<0.01) were observed in mean egg diameters among different river sections, and the absolute fecundity and relative fecundity based on body length were not significantly affected by egg diameter (P>0.05), whereas the relative fecundity based on body weight was significantly influenced by egg diameter (P=0.016<0.05). A model was established linking individual reproductive capacity with relevant major biological measurements via multivariate regression analysis, indicating a positive correlation between reproductive capacity and body weight, while a negative correlation existed with age, body length, dressed rate, condition factor, gonadosomatic index, and ovarian weight.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 707-716 [Abstract] ( 24 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4692 KB)  ( 6 )
717 Construction of Different Core Breeding Populations of Kelp Saccharina japonica Based on SSR Markers
LI Yan, LIU Yanling, LIANG Guangjin, WANG Liqin, LI Xiaojie, ZHAO Juping, WU Ruina, TIAN Pingping
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24157
In order to improve the accuracy of kelp Saccharina japonica preservation, a method for constructing the core breeding populations of the kelp with diverse phenotypes and comprehensive genetic information was proposed for the first time by utilizing the microsatellite molecular markers of the kelp, and applied in four distinct lines. A total of 153 SSR markers from the kelp microsatellite marker library were used in the DFKZ-3,DFXZ-3,DFXZ-1,and DFXZ-2 breeding populations and 15 loci with good polymorphism were screened out from each line to analyze the genetic diversity of the population. After a comprehensive evaluation of allelic weight scores, individual combination scores, species status, and other relevant factors, the final number of preserved individuals in the DFKZ-3, DFXZ-3, DFXZ-1, and DFXZ-2 kelp lines was determined as 12, 12, 11, and 17, respectively. Germplasm collection and separation were carried out when the sporangium was mature according to the number of the preserved kelp, and gametophytes were retained for seed preservation, so as to build a core breeding population, which laid a foundation for the sustainable utilization of improved varieties, further development of germplasm resources and screening of more core kelp seed banks.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 717-726 [Abstract] ( 19 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2027 KB)  ( 2 )
727 Analysis of the Karyotype and Banding Patterns of Marbeled Flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae
ZHAO Zihan, CUI Aijun, ZHANG Ning, LIU Xuezhou, XU Yongjiang, ZHAO Rixiang, SUN Zongzhe
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.25033
Marbeled flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae is an important indigenous marine economic fish species in China, and its genetic characteristics remain incompletely understood. To investigate the chromosomal karyotype and banding patterns of P. yokohamae, this study selected 50 individuals (3—4 months old, total length 3—5 cm) as experimental materials. The karyotype of P. yokohamae was studied through the chromosome preparations obtained from dorsal fin tissue by the method of soak in colchicines. Subsequently, the chromosome samples were prepared using a low permeation and Carnoy′s fixation air drying method. We investigated the banding features and morphological characteristics of multiple chromosomes banding pattern (C-banding, Ag-NORs and G-banding). The species exhibits a typical telocentric chromosomal composition, with a karyotype formula of 2n=48t and a chromosomal arm number (NF) of 48. No polyploidy, sex chromosomes, or satellite chromosomes were detected. In the C-banding characteristics, the whole 17th pair of chromosomes bored positive C-banding, the 9th pair of chromosomes showed negative result and the first three pairs of homologous chromosomes exhibited telomeric C-banding, the rest were centromere C-banding. According to the formula, the amount of heretochromatin calculated was 32.05%. P. yokohamae beared a pair of Ag-NORs which was located at the end of long arm of the 2nd chromosome.The size and location of G-banding were same in homologous chromosomes, but they were not same in the non-homologous chromosomes. Statistics showed that there were 58 deeply stained bands and 38 slightly stained bands in the chromosome of P. yokohamae, and the 11th pair of chromosomes was slightly stained band. The findings would provide basic data for the genomic research, the origin of the species, the status of evolution, and the classification of the organisms.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 727-736 [Abstract] ( 17 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5842 KB)  ( 6 )
737 Immunoregulatory Effect of Astragalus Polysaccharide on Head Kidney Macrophages of Turbot
DONG Xufeng, WANG Xinyue, WANG Xiaoxue, GUO Pei, QIN Zhihua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24174
In order to explore the immunomodulatory mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS) on macrophages, head kidney macrophages of 6—7-month-old turbot with body weight of (346.00±95.72) g were isolated in vitro, and 800 μg/mL of APS was used to treat the macrophages for 24 h, and the differential proteins and signaling pathways in the cells were analyzed by proteomics technology. The differentially expressed proteins and signaling pathways in the cells were analyzed using proteomics techniques, and molecular docking was used to evaluate the interaction between APS and pathway receptor proteins. The results showed that no cytotoxic effect, whereas improvement of cell growth to some extent, was observed in the turbot macrophages stimulated by APS at concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 μg/m for 24 hours, with stimulation of macrophages to produce nitric oxide (NO) at the secretion stabilizing at concentrations above 800 μg/mL. Proteomics analysis revealed upregulation of proteins related to the TNF signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and NF-κB signaling pathway at 800 μg/mL. Molecular docking results indicated that APS interacted with Toll-like receptors, specifically TLR2, TLR3, and TLR22, forming one, two, and three hydrogen bonds, respectively. It is therefore speculated that TLR22 may be a core target for APS activation of the head kidney macrophages in turbot.In conclusion, this study preliminarily identifies that APS at 800 μg/mL activates the TNF, PI3K-Akt, and NF-κB signaling pathways to regulate cytokine expression, exerting an immune regulatory effect on the head kidney macrophages of turbot, with a possible involvement of TLR22 in the recognition of APS.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 737-746 [Abstract] ( 22 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (16473 KB)  ( 9 )
747 Acute Toxicity of Nitrite Nitrogen to Juvenile Yellow Drum Nibea albiflora at Different Salinities
YUAN Jun, ZHOU Yuhua, LIU Benwei
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24162
In order to investigate acute toxicity of NO-2-N concentration on mortality, antioxidant capacity and nonspecific immunity of juvenile yellow drum Nibea albiflora under different salinities, yellow drum juveniles weighing (10±2) g were stocked in an indoor glass tank of 50 cm×50 cm×50 cm at water temperature of 25—27 ℃and salinity of 26—28. Then salinity was adjusted at a rate of 2 per day with aerated tap water and sea crystals to gradually adjust the water salinity to 15, 20, 25, 30, 35 and 40. After 7 d of adaptation, an appropriate amount of NaNO2 was added to adjust the NO-2-N concentration to the expected value from 9.85 mg/L to 280.21 mg/L. The results showed that the median-lethal concentration of NO-2-N to juvenile yellow drum showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing under the same stress time ( 24, 48, 72 h and 96 h) with the increase in salinity from 15 to 40, with the strongest tolerance of juvenile yellow drum to NO-2-N at the salinity of 35. The juvenile yellow drum had first increase in activities of serum superoxide dismutase and then decreased at salinity of 15 with the elevated NO-2-N concentration and the extension of exposure time, with decrease and increase in activities of superoxide dismutase at salinity of 25, 35 and 40. There were decrease in activities of serum catalase, alkaline phosphatase and lysozyme in juvenile yellow drum and increase in content of malonaldehyde with the increasing NO-2-N concentration and the prolongation of exposure time. The safe concentration of NO-2-N for juvenile yellow drum was found to be 6.00 mg/L at salinity of 15, 6.89 mg/L at salinity of 20, 13.45 mg/L at salinity of 25, 16.86 mg/L at salinity of 30, 22.29 mg/L at salinity of 35 and 19.12 mg/L at salinity of 40. The findings indicate that salinity can affect the toxicity of NO-2-N, the juvenile yellow drum having the strongest tolerance to NO-2-N at salinity of 35. Under the same salinity, the decrease in antioxidant capacity and non-specific immunity and increase in the oxidative damage were observed in juvenile yellow drum, with the increase in NO-2-N concentration and the extension of exposure period in aquaculture water.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 747-756 [Abstract] ( 24 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (5436 KB)  ( 7 )
757 Effects of Morphological Traits on Weight Traits of Venus Clam Meretrix meretrix in Different Geographical Populations
JING Yuanyuan, GUO Shaojing, SUN Ming, ZHANG Tianwen, LIU Guangbin, LU Ligong, HU Fanguang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24132
The morphological traits (shell length, shell height, shell width, escutcheon length, and escutcheon width) and body mass traits (live weight) were measure in venus clam Meretrix meretrix sampled from Hekou (HK), Laizhou (LZ), and Donggang (DG) in Shandong province, Rudong (RD) in Jiangsu province, Putuo (PT) and Yueqing (YQ) in Zhejiang province from March to April 2021. The effects of morphological traits on live mass in each population were analyzed using path analysis and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the venus clam had the trait with the maximal coefficient of variation (16.64%—45.90%) on living body weight in each population, with highly significant correlation (P<0.01) between various traits in different populations. There was the maximal impact of shell height on the living body weight in Hekou (0.946), Laizhou (0.971), and Rudong (0.966) populations, with the maximal direct effect of shell width on the living body weight (0.987) in Donggang (0.987) and Putuo (0.961) populations, and the maximal impact on the living body weight of Yueqing (0.931) population. The determination coefficient of morphological traits on body mass traits was basically consistent with the results of path analysis, indicating that the main morphological traits affecting the living body weight were different in different populations of venus clam. The optimal regression equations was established for the morphological traits of each population of venus clam on the quality of live organisms by stepwise regression method. The findings provide scientific reference for the selection of parent venus clam in seedling breeding.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 757-766 [Abstract] ( 18 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1818 KB)  ( 2 )
767 Correlation and Path Analysis of Growth Traits of Jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum in a Pond Culture
CHEN Bailing, ZUO Huinan, ZHOU Zunchun, LI Yulong, WANG Shengxin, JIN Chenglong, TIAN Meilin, BAO Xiangbo, LI Yunfeng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24206
To investigate the relationship between body weight and morphological traits in jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum, body weight (y), umbrella arc length (x1), body height (x2), and oral arm length (x3) were measured in 367 samples collected from the same batch in the aquaculture ponds (9.2 hm2) of Huangtukan Farm in Dandong city, Liaoning province, and a regression equation between morphological traits and body weight was established by correlation and path analyses. The results showed that body weight exhibited the maximal coefficient of variation (28.72%), showing the most selective potential. All pairwise correlations among four growth traits were significantly positive (P<0.01), with the maximal correlation (0.939) between body weight and umbrella arc length. Among the three morphological traits, the maximal determination coefficient (0.362) and direct path coefficient (0.602) on body weight were found to be the umbrella arc length, the predominant morphological trait affecting body weight. A multiple regression model was established with body weight (y) as the dependent variable and umbrella arc length (x1), body height (x2), and oral arm length (x3) as independent variables: y=-8.322+0.194x1+0.120x2+0.093x3 (r2=0.916). The multiple regression model exhibited better fitting effect and explanatory power, which can be applied in practical production. These findings provide critical theoretical guidance for selective breeding of superior varieties in the jellyfish.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 767-773 [Abstract] ( 16 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1462 KB)  ( 4 )
774 High-Efficiency Reproductive Regulation Technology for Fat Minnow Rhynchocypris lagowskii
JIAN Zicong, LUO Xiaonian, DUAN Youjian, LI Jiao, DONG Ruixin, LU Naida, MENG Qingli, JIN Guanghai, YANG Peimin
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24203
In order to achieve efficient reproductive regulation of fat minnow Rhynchocypris lagowskii as an excellent indigenous freshwater fish for aquaculture in northern China, the optimal injection regime, spawning inducor types and dose, injection time interval, water temperature at spawning inducing, sperm motility, male fish injection time and hatching method for artificial breeding were investigated from April 2022 to June 2024. The female broodstock weighing (56.0±5.0) g and the male broodstock weighing (37.5±4.5) g were injected and placed in plastic cages in cement tanks. The success rates were determined in the fat minnow spawners injected with the hormone by first and second times, with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue-2 (LHRH-A2), domperidone (DOM) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), injection intervals of 12 h, 16 h, 20 h, 24 h, 26 h, 28 h, and temperatures of 16.0 ℃, 17.0 ℃, 19.0 ℃, and 21.5 ℃. The activation rate, rapid movement time and lifespan of sperm were measured in 9 male broodstocks with body weight of (37.5±4.5) g injected with hormone at 0 h, 5 h, 8 h, 19 h, 24 h, 28 h and 29 h. The relative water consumption was determined during incubation in baskets+incubation tanks and in the incubation tank with running water. The results showed that the maximal success rate was observed under the conditions of twice injection[(90.00±2.89)%], injection at dose of LHRH-A2 20 μg/kg＋DOM 8 mg/kg+HCG 1500 IU/kg [(88.33±6.67)%], and the injection interval of 26h [(75.00±2.89)%], and water temperature of 21.5 ℃[(90.00±1.15)%]. The male fat minnow had the strongest sperm viability 24 h after hormone injection, with sperm activation rate of (97.00±1.00)%, rapid movement time of (101.90±11.56) s and a lifespan of (908.81±4.74) s. The maximal hatching efficiency was found in the pattern of "incubation basket+incubation barrel", saving water up to (40.00±5.00)%. To verify the effect of production experiments, the improved propagation method was adopted in 2024, with success rate of (86.67±1.67)%, significantly higher than those in 2022 (76.17±3.94)% and 2023 (65.00±2.89)%. The findings indicated that the efficient reproductive regulation of the artificial propagation method of fat minnow was achieved under regime of double injection with an injection interval of 26 h, at dose of LHRH-A2 20 μg/kg＋DOM 8 mg/kg+HCG 1500 IU/kg, water temperature of 21.5 ℃, male injection 2 h after the second injection of female, artificial insemination 24 h after the injection of male fish and incubation in "incubation basket+hatching barrel", which provides reference with the efficient artificial reproduction of fat minnow.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 774-781 [Abstract] ( 18 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1706 KB)  ( 2 )
782 Zooplankton Community Structure and Water Quality Assessment in Xiangjiang River Basin during Wet Season
WEI Shanyu, YANG Ting, ZHU Dianfan, WEN Jicai, LI Tianxing, LI Deliang, ZHANG Jian
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24207
In order to assess zooplankton community structure and water quality in Xiangjiang River Basin, a survey was conducted in 12 sampling sites in the main stream of the Xiangjiang River and its tributaries (Leishui River, Lishui River and Liuyang River) by zooplankton abundance, and biodiversity indices in July 2024, and water quality index and the environmental factors influencing community structure were also examined. A total of 22 zooplankton species were identified, with dominant rotifera (11 species). average zooplankton abundance of 246.58 ind/L and biomass of 0.25 mg/L. Dominant species included rotifera Asplanchna sp., Trichocerca stylata, Brachionus calyciflorus, Keratella valga and copepoda Cyclops vicinus. There were seven functional groups in the community of the zooplankton, with predominant rotifers carnivora (RF) and rotifer filter feeders (RC). Pb, Zn and TP were found to be the key factors affecting the community structure. Overall, the basin was classified as mildly polluted. The finding provides a scientific foundation for water quality assessment and ecological protection in the Xiangjiang River Basin.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 782-791 [Abstract] ( 46 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4037 KB)  ( 18 )
792 Intestinal Evacuation Characteristics and Digestive Enzyme Activity of Juvenile Rhinogobio ventralis
YUAN Ting, HUANG Geng, CHEN Feng, YU Fuhu, XIONG Mantang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24149
To investigate the intestinal evacuation characteristics of juvenile Rhinogobio ventralis and to establish an optimal mathematical model for determining the most suitable feeding frequency, the proportions of intestinal wet and dry contents were observed in the juvenile R. ventralis with body weight (11.74±0.45) g satiately fed and anaesthetize by MS-222 at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 h after feeding at 19—20 ℃. The intestinal emptying time was estimated in R. ventralis at various emptying degrees of 0% (immediately satiated feeding), 25%, 50%, 75% and 99% when the activities of amylase, chymotrypsin and lipase were measured to investigate the changes in content quality and intestinal digestive enzyme activity in the process of intestinal emptying, and the curve fitting effect of linear model, exponential model and square root model on the emptying of intestinal contents. It was found that the wet and dry weight of the intestinal contents of the juvenile was significantly decreased over time, with the initial slow reduction, followed by a rapid decrease, and then leveling off. The square root model was shown to be the most suitable model for simulating the wet and dry weight evacuation processes of the intestinal contents in juvenile R. ventralis, with the wet weight intestinal evacuation rate of 0.802 g/h, and 80% intestinal evacuation time at 11.99 hours, and with the dry weight intestinal evacuation rate of 0.801 g/h, and the 80% intestinal evacuation time at 11.38 hours. During the intestinal evacuation process, the activities of amylase, chymotrypsin, and lipase in the intestine were first increased and then decreased. Based on these findings, it is recommended that the optimal feeding interval for juvenile R. ventralis be 12 hours, with feeding frequency of twice a day.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 792-799 [Abstract] ( 14 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (2547 KB)  ( 7 )
800 Effects of Body Size on Nacre Weight and Cavity Volume of Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii
LIN Yujing, ZOU Heqi, YANG Chuangye, LIAO Yongshan, WANG Qingheng, DENG Yuewen
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24137
In order to investigate the effect of body size traits on shell nacre weight and cavity volume of pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii, shell length (L), shell width (b), shell height (h), shell nacre weight and shell cavity volume were measured in 220 individuals of pearl oyster cultured and randomly sampled from Liusha Bay aquaculture area in Guangdong province, and the effects of the body size traits (shell length, shell width, and shell height) on shell nacre weight and shell cavity volume of pearl oyster were investigated by correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and path analysis. The results showed that the pearl oyster had coefficient of variation of the body size traits from 8.74% to 12.29%, with the variation coefficients of 25.18% in shell nacre weight and 32.73% in shell cavity volume. The correlation coefficients of all the traits were found to be very significant (P<0.01). The results of path analysis were showed to be consistent with the analysis of determination degree, with the body size trait with the highest determination degree (determination coefficients of 0.321) for shell nacre weight and shell cavity volume (0.195) for shell width. The optimal regression equation was expressed as y1=－8.361＋0.116L＋0.413b(r2=0.684)for body size traits on shell nacre weight(y1), and y2=－15.462＋0.210L＋0.608b＋0.113h(r2=0.704)for shell cavity volume(y2). The findings provide theoretical reference with the selective breeding of superior varieties of pearl oyster P. fucata martensii.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 800-805 [Abstract] ( 19 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (987 KB)  ( 3 )
806 Effects of Two Culture Water Types on Muscle Nutrients and Physiological Indices of Pikeperch Sander lucioperca
GAO Jiamin, LU Cuiyun, SUN Zhipeng, LIU Tianqi, ZHANG Kexin, NA Rongbin, LIANG Shuang, ZHENG Xianhu
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24113
To investigate the effects of medium alkalinity and freshwater aquaculture water on the muscular nutrient composition and some physiological parameters of pikeperch Sander lucioperca, 2000 juvenile pikeperch with body length of 5—7 cm were cultured in ponds (667 m2) with total alkalinity of 20—30 mmol/L in Lianhuan Lake area of Daqing City, Heilongjiang Province (medium alkalinity group) and freshwater ponds at Hulan Experimental Field of Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute (freshwater group) for 2 months. The muscular nutrient composition and the contents of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase(AKP), superoxide dismutase (SOD)and ammonia were determined in gills, liver and intestine of the pikeperch. The results showed that there was no significant difference in crude protein and crude fat contents between the medium alkalinity water and freshwater groups (P>0.05). However, the essential amino acid (EAA) / total amino acid (TAA) and EAA/non-essential amino acid (NEAA) were found to be higher in the medium alkalinity water group than those in the freshwater group, with the ideal profile for high-quality protein as recommended by the WHO/FAO. There was higher essential amino acid index EAAI (65.12) in muscle in the medium alkalinity water group than that in the freshwater group (61.00). The 19 kinds of fatty acid were detected, without significant difference in total saturated fatty acid (SFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) between the two groups (P>0.05). The levels of AKP and SOD in the gills were shown to be significantly lower in the medium alkalinity water group than those in the freshwater group, while the significantly higher ACP level in the medium alkalinity water group. The AKP content in the intestine was significantly lower in the medium alkalinity water group than that in the freshwater group (P<0.05), whereas the ammonia content was significantly higher in the medium alkalinity water group, without significant difference in the four immune-related physiological indicators in the liver between the two groups, indicating that the muscle amino acid content of pikeperch kept rich and balance in medium alkalinity water. The fatty acid composition was slightly affected by the medium alkalinity water, without immunoenzymatic indicators induced by immune stress response in pikeperch in medium alkalinity water. In conclusion, pikeperch can grow healthily in medium alkalinity condition, and the findings provide reference for promoting pikeperch farming in alkalinity water.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 806-813 [Abstract] ( 23 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1377 KB)  ( 9 )
814 Effects of Nutritional Intensity on Ovarian Development and Reproduction Performance in Acrossocheilius hemispinus
CHEN Duhuang
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24139
To understand the effects of different diets on ovarian development and reproductive performance of Acrossocheilius hemispinus brood fish, the broodstock with an initial body weight of about 120 g were reared in a glass fiber reinforced plastic barrel with an inner diameter of 3.0 m, a height of 1.2 m and a water depth of 0.7—0.8 m and fed ordinary feed, water tubifex Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and intensified diet for 30 d at water temperature of 22.0—28.5 ℃. Then the ovarian sections were histologically observed and counted, the gonado-somatic index and the ratio of developmental stage Ⅳ were calculated and the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, phosphorus and calcium and moisture were determined in ovary of A. hemispinus, with statistics of success rate, fertilization rate, and hatching rate during the artificial reproduction. There was gonado-somatic index of 9.82% in water tubifex group and 9.65% in intensified diet group, significantly higher than that in the control group (8.20%) (P<0.05). The ratio of developmental stage Ⅳ was found to be 33.16% in water tubifex group and 32.38% in intensified diet group, significantly higher than that in the control group (27.85%) (P<0.05). The significant increase in moisture was observed in ovarian in water tubifex group and intensified diet group (P<0.05), and significant increase in crude fat and phosphorus contents (P<0.05), without significant difference in the contents of crude protein, crude ash and calcium (P>0.05). There was success rate of 53.50% in ordinary feed group, 52.46% in water tubifex group and 54.28% in intensified diet group, without significant difference among the three groups (P>0.05), with significant increase in fertilization rate by 11.95% in water tubifex group and 13.74% in intensified diet group compared with that in ordinary feed group. The hatching rate was shown to be slightly higher in water tubifex group and intensified diet group than that in ordinary feed group (P>0.05). Comprehensive analysis of ovarian development and reproductive performance and other factors, feeding self-made intensified diet or worm can improve the ovarian development and reproductive performance of A. hemispinus.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 814-819 [Abstract] ( 15 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (3323 KB)  ( 6 )
820 Acute Toxicity and Safety Concentration of Potassium Peroxymonosulphate Compound Tablets to Whitmania pigra and Radix plicatula
WANG Shuaibing, XIONG Liangwei, XU Liang, WU Qiuping, WANG Haihua
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24064
In order to investigate the toxic effects and safety concentrations of potassium peroxymonosulphate compound tablets to leech Whitmania pigra and snail Radix plicatula, the leeches weighing (1.440±0.217) g and snails weighing (0.048±0.011) g were put into 80-mesh silk mesh bags, tied tightly, and disposed in 4.89 L round transparent plastic boxes exposed to potassium persulfate complex tablets with concentrations of 0 (control group), 8.00, 12.13, 18.38, 27.86, 42.22 and 64.00 mg/L and 10.00, 15.85, 25.12, 39.81, 63.10, 80.00 mg/L, respectively, in acute toxicity tests at the temperature of 26.0—28.0 ℃ using the static poisoning method. The body surface tissue of the test animals challenged with potassium persulfate complex tablets was histologically observed, and the effects of potassium peroxymonosulphate compound tablets on their growth were carried out at the maximal tolerance dose, the safe concentration and the 96 h median lethal concentration of 10%. The results showed that the wrinkles of the back skin and even death were observed in the leeches exposed to potassium peroxymonosulphate compound at dose of ≥12.13 mg/L, with 24—96 h median lethal concentration of 22.25—30.55 mg/L and safe concentration of 5.59 mg/L. The poisoning and even death were found in the snails exposed to potassium peroxymonosulphate compound at a dose of ≥15.85 mg/L, with the 24—96 h median lethal concentration of 35.32—54.70 mg/L and safe concentration of 4.96 mg/L. Observation of tissue sections showed that potassium peroxymonosulphate compound tablets led to necrosis of columnar epithelial cells, partial loss of the mucus layer, increase in mucus secreting cells, and decrease in contents on the back surface of the leeches, resulting in the disappearance of the mucus layer on the surface, disordered morphology of microvilli at the edges of epithelial cells, and an increase in mucus secreting cells in the snails. There was not effect on the growth of the test animals at potassium peroxymonosulphate compound tablets concentrations below the safe concentration. The findings indicate that the potassium peroxymonosulphate compound tablets can be safely used for disinfection of cultural water of W. pigra at concentration of ≤4.96 mg/L.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 820-828 [Abstract] ( 18 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4483 KB)  ( 12 )
829 Effect of Salinity on Alkaline Potassium Persulfate Oxidation Method for Determination of Total Nitrogen Analysis
YIN Zhijian, JIANG Chengcheng, LIU Jianlong, WANG Shiwei, WANG Lianshun, CONG Yuting, WANG Li, WANG Hua, WANG Yuan, LU Yanan, YANG Guojun
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24068
This study systematically explored the applicable salinity range of seawater total nitrogen analysis method [alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation method (GB 17378.4—2007)] and water quality total nitrogen analysis method [alkaline potassium persulfate oxidation-ultraviolet spectrophotometry (HJ 636—2012)] and the reason why water quality total nitrogen analysis method could not test high salinity samples. In the test, the applicable salinity range of the two total nitrogen analysis methods was determined by comparing the blank value, r2, and nitrate reduction rate of the eight different standard curves of the two water quality analysis methods in the salinity range from 0 to 35. The results showed that the seawater total nitrogen analysis method could detect seawater samples with different salinity gradients, and with the recovery rate from 92% to 100%. The total nitrogen analysis method can only detect seawater samples with salinity ≤20, with the recovery rate from 92% to 106%. At the salinity of over 20, there is potassium persulfate residue in the sample using the water quality total nitrogen analysis method. Subsequently, the potassium persulfate residual concentration of the total nitrogen analysis method of water quality at different salinities was compared by the potassium persulfate residual experiment and acetic acid titration experiment to verify why the potassium persulfate oxidation method could not determine high salinity. Finally, the total nitrogen analysis method of seawater and the total nitrogen analysis method of water quality are compared to detect seawater samples to determine whether the dilution method can detect seawater samples. In addition, the water quality total nitrogen analysis method cannot detect high-salinity seawater diluted samples. The finding systematically analyzes the applicable salinity range of the two total nitrogen analysis methods, explains why the water quality total nitrogen analysis method can not detect high-salinity samples, and provides a reference and basis for the detection of total nitrogen index and method improvement in the future.
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 829-835 [Abstract] ( 22 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (4495 KB)  ( 7 )
       Overview and Specific Topic
836 Advances and Prospects in Genetics and Breeding of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium nipponense
LIU Jiahui, HU Zhiguo, LEI Yujie, BAO Dongbing, SHEN Jinghui, GUO Xusheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24210
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 836-844 [Abstract] ( 35 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (1048 KB)  ( 11 )
845 Research Progress on Structure of Nervous System and the Function of Neuroendocrine System in Bivalves: a Review
WU Xuhui, WANG Yabing, TAO Chuangui, ZHANG Jiawei, WANG Qingheng
DOI: 10.16378/j.cnki.1003-1111.24192
2025 Vol. 44 (5): 845-856 [Abstract] ( 18 ) HTML (1 KB)  PDF (9320 KB)  ( 6 )
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