Effects of Sodium Pentachlorophenol Stress on Physiology, Biochemistry and Histopathological Structure of Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
LIU Zhiwei1,2, LI Min2, TENG Shuangshuang2, HUANG Xiaolin2, XIAO Guoqiang1,2
1. School of Ocean Science and Technology, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; 2. Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Genetics and Breeding, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Coastal Biological Germplasm Resources Conservation and Utilization, Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou 325005, China
Abstract：The acute toxicity and chronic stress tests of sodium pentachlorophenol to Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were carried out at water temperature of 26—29 ℃ by using the method of biological toxicity test. In the acute toxicity test, the Pacific white shrimp with body weight of (13.41±1.97) g was placed in 30 L of sodium pentachlorophenol solution at concentrations of 0 (control group), 50, 70, 90, 110, 130, and 150 mg/L. In the chronic stress test, the Pacific white shrimp with the same size above was exposed to seawater with sodium pentachlorophenol concentrations of 0 mg/L (control group), 0.87 mg/L and 8.74 mg/L for 20 days. The oxygen consumption rate, ammonia excretion rate, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and Na+-K+-ATPase and malondialdehyde content in the hepatopancreas were measured in 15 individuals of Pacific white shrimp randomly sampled from each group on the 1st, 10th and 20th days, respectively, and the changes of hepatopancreas and gill tissue structure stained by hematoxylin-eosin was histologically observed on the 20th day. The results showed that the median-lethal concentrations of sodium pentachlorophenol against Pacific white shrimp were found to be 103.75 mg/L at 48 h and 87.44 mg/L at 96 h, respectively, with the safe concentrations of 1.04 mg/L at 48 h and 0.87 mg/L at 96 h (0.01×LC50). Results showed that there were significant decrease in oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates in low-concentration group and high-concentration group under the stress of sodium pentachlorophenol stress (P<0.05). The O∶N was shown to be gradually increased, with the maximum values of (59.2±4.4) and (18.9±6.1) on the 20th day in both treatment groups, respectively, indicating that energy supply mode of Pacific white shrimp changed from protein decomposition to mixed decomposition of fat and protein. The enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, acid phosphatase,alkaline phosphatase, and Na+-K+-ATPase in the hepatopancreas were significantly lower than those in control group(P<0.05), with gradual decrease in the enzyme activities,and significant increase in MDA content with time (P<0.05).At 20th day, significant pathologic changes were observed in the groups of sodium pentachlorophenol-treated hepatopancreas and gills, including enlarged hepatic tubule, lots of vacuoles,ruptured basement membrane, and the deformed lumen of the hepatic tubules. Epithelial cells in gills were found to be exfoliated,necrosis of cell, local vacuolation and the impaired cuticle.In conclusion,the stress of sodium pentachlorophenolate significantly affected the physiological metabolism and enzyme activity in Pacific white shrimp, changing the mode of energymetabolism. The findings provide the basic data with research on the response mechanism of Pacific white shrimp and other crustaceans to sodium pentachlorophenolate stress.
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2024, Vol. 43 
