Effects of Short-Term Ammonia Nitrogen Stress and Recovery on Red Swamp Crayfish Procambarus clarkii
WU Le1,2,3, LI Jiayao1,2,3, ZHOU Wenzong4, CHENG Yongxu1,2,3
1. Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 2. National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 3. Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 4. Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
Abstract：In order to investigate effects of ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery on the antioxidant and immune enzyme activities and tissue structure of red swamp crayfish Procambarus clarkii, acute toxicity tests and ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery tests were conducted. In the acute toxicity test,the crayfish with body weight of (6.33±0.73) g were exposed to water with total ammonia nitrogen concentrations of 0, 100.00, 141.42, 200.00, 282.84, and 400.00 mg/L, corresponding to non-ionized ammonia concentrations of 0, 4.02, 5.68, 8.04, 11.37, and 16.07 mg/L. In the ammonia nitrogen stress and recovery test, the crayfish were exposed to 0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 mg/L, the corresponding non-ionized ammonia mass concentrations of 0, 4.02, 5.68, 8.04, 11.37, and 16.07 mg/L. The antioxidant and immune enzyme activities in hepatopancreas, gills, and serum, as well as the structural changes of the hepatopancreas and muscle tissues in each group, were compared at 48 hours of stress and 48 hours of recovery.The results showed that the sub-lethal mass concentrations of ammonia nitrogen on juvenile crayfish was 359.37 mg/L in 24 h, 238.09 mg/L in 48 h, 196.34 mg/L in 72 h, and 162.00 mg/L in 96 h, with safe mass concentration of 16.20 mg/L. There was significantly increase in total superoxide dismutase activity in hepatopancreas in the other treatment groups than that in the control group except for the 20 mg/L group in 48 h of ammonia nitrogen stress.The significant decrease in total antioxidant capacity was observed in the gill and significant increase in the catalase activity in the 80 mg/L group, and significant increase in the total antioxidant capacity inthe serum in the 80 mg/L group. After 48 h of recovery, the content of malondialdehyde in hepatopancreas and gills and the total antioxidant capacity in serum of 60 mg/L group, the catalase activity in gills in the 80 mg/L group were significantly increased compared with the control group, and enzyme activities in other experimental groups was recovered to the same level as the control group. With the increase of ammonia nitrogen concentration for 48 h, the hepatopancreas lumen was gradually deformed, transport vesicles were enlarged, respiratory epithelial cells of the gill began to shed, and microvascular lumen was damaged. After 48 h of recovery,largely normal histological structure of hepatopancreas was found. In the 40, 60 and 80 mg/L groups, the local respiratory epithelial cells were exfoliated and the microvascular lumen was damaged. The results indicate that the damage to the antioxidation, immune enzymes, and tissue structure of the red swamp crayfish caused by 48 h of stress with 20 mg/L ammonia nitrogen are repaired after 48 h of recovery. The gills remain stressed recovered in the crayfish which are subjected to 40, 60, 80 mg/L ammonia nitrogen 48 h stress for 48 hours.
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2024, Vol. 43 
